Delay Studies at Intersection

Data analysis:
Observed delay values are calculated according to equation (3) and tabulated below.

Table 1: Calculation of observed delay

Sl.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37

Starting
time
9:14:30
9:15:00
9:15:30
9:16:00
9:16:30
9:17:00
9:17:30
9:18:00
9:18:30
9:19:00
9:19:30
9:20:00
9:20:30
9:21:00
9:21:30
9:22:00
9:22:30
9:23:00
9:23:30
9:24:00
9:24:30
9:25:00
9:25:30
9:26:00
9:26:30
9:27:00
9:27:30
9:28:00
9:28:30
9:29:00
9:29:30
9:30:00
9:30:30
9:31:00
9:31:30
9:32:00
9:32:30

End time

Interval

9:15:00
9:15:30
9:16:00
9:16:30
9:17:00
9:17:30
9:18:00
9:18:30
9:19:00
9:19:30
9:20:00
9:20:30
9:21:00
9:21:30
9:22:00
9:22:30
9:23:00
9:23:30
9:24:00
9:24:30
9:25:00
9:25:30
9:26:00
9:26:30
9:27:00
9:27:30
9:28:00
9:28:30
9:29:00
9:29:30
9:30:00
9:30:30
9:31:00
9:31:30
9:32:00
9:32:30
9:33:00

30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30

Queue
length
4
3
4
5
0
5
5
0
0
6
0
4
5
0
0
4
1
2
3
0
1
0
0
2
1
0
0
3
0
2
4
0
0
1
1
0
0

Observed
delay
120
90
120
150
0
150
150
0
0
180
0
120
150
0
0
120
30
60
90
0
30
0
0
60
30
0
0
90
0
60
120
0
0
30
30
0
0

38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85

9:33:00
9:33:30
9:34:00
9:34:30
9:35:00
9:35:30
9:36:00
9:36:30
9:37:00
9:37:30
9:38:00
9:38:30
9:39:00
9:39:30
9:40:00
9:40:30
9:41:00
9:41:30
9:42:00
9:42:30
9:43:00
9:43:30
9:44:00
9:44:30
9:45:00
9:45:30
9:46:00
9:46:30
9:47:00
9:47:30
9:48:00
9:48:30
9:49:00
9:49:30
9:50:00
9:50:30
9:51:00
9:51:30
9:52:00
9:52:30
9:53:00
9:53:30
9:54:00
9:54:30
9:55:00
9:55:30
9:56:00
9:56:30

9:33:30
9:34:00
9:34:30
9:35:00
9:35:30
9:36:00
9:36:30
9:37:00
9:37:30
9:38:00
9:38:30
9:39:00
9:39:30
9:40:00
9:40:30
9:41:00
9:41:30
9:42:00
9:42:30
9:43:00
9:43:30
9:44:00
9:44:30
9:45:00
9:45:30
9:46:00
9:46:30
9:47:00
9:47:30
9:48:00
9:48:30
9:49:00
9:49:30
9:50:00
9:50:30
9:51:00
9:51:30
9:52:00
9:52:30
9:53:00
9:53:30
9:54:00
9:54:30
9:55:00
9:55:30
9:56:00
9:56:30
9:57:00

30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30

2
2
2
3
3
0
0
4
0
1
3
9
0
0
2
0
1
3
3
0
1
2
4
4
4
0
0
0
3
0
0
3
0
4
4
0
3
5
0
0
2
6
0
0
1
2
3
4

60
60
60
90
90
0
0
120
0
30
90
270
0
0
60
0
30
90
90
0
30
60
120
120
120
0
0
0
90
0
0
90
0
120
120
0
90
150
0
0
60
180
0
0
30
60
90
120

86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124

9:57:00 9:57:30
9:57:30 9:58:00
9:58:00 9:58:30
9:58:30 9:59:00
9:59:00 9:59:30
9:59:30 10:00:00
10:00:00 10:00:30
10:00:30 10:01:00
10:01:00 10:01:30
10:01:30 10:02:00
10:02:00 10:02:30
10:02:30 10:03:00
10:03:00 10:03:30
10:03:30 10:04:00
10:04:00 10:04:30
10:04:30 10:05:00
10:05:00 10:05:30
10:05:30 10:06:00
10:06:00 10:06:30
10:06:30 10:07:00
10:07:00 10:07:30
10:07:30 10:08:00
10:08:00 10:08:30
10:08:30 10:09:00
10:09:00 10:09:30
10:09:30 10:10:00
10:10:00 10:10:30
10:10:30 10:11:00
10:11:00 10:11:30
10:11:30 10:12:00
10:12:00 10:12:30
10:12:30 10:13:00
10:13:00 10:13:30
10:13:30 10:14:00
10:14:00 10:14:30
10:14:30 10:15:00
10:15:00 10:15:30
10:15:30 10:16:00
10:16:00 10:16:30
Total

30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30

0
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
4
4
0
1
7
0
1
3
1
0
3
4
5
0
3
5
9
0
2
2
5
10
10
0
1
3
7
9
2

0
0
0
0
0
0
60
90
0
0
120
120
0
30
210
0
30
90
30
0
90
120
150
0
90
150
270
0
60
60
150
300
300
0
30
90
210
270
60.00
7155

In the following table delay is calculated using equation (4) and (5).
Table 2a: Calculation of green time, saturation flow, cycle length and arrival rate

Sl. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38

Start of
green
time

End of
green
time

9:14:47
9:16:35
9:18:13
9:19:32
9:20:52
9:22:15
9:23:19
9:24:32
9:25:52
9:27:18
9:28:48
9:30:18
9:32:08
9:33:50
9:35:34
9:37:25
9:38:56
9:40:52
9:42:43
9:44:25
9:45:56
9:47:37
9:49:26
9:51:16
9:53:06
9:54:40
9:56:25
9:58:04
9:59:38
10:01:05
10:02:18
10:03:48
10:05:26
10:07:09
10:09:09
10:11:00
10:13:04
10:15:51
10:17:00

9:15:19
9:17:10
9:18:45
9:19:57
9:21:21
9:22:38
9:23:45
9:24:55
9:26:22
9:27:43
9:29:17
9:30:45
9:32:42
9:34:21
9:36:10
9:37:55
9:39:29
9:41:26
9:43:20
9:44:52
9:46:25
9:48:26
9:49:54
9:51:52
9:53:39
9:55:08
9:56:50
9:58:24
10:00:20
10:01:52
10:02:48
10:04:22
10:05:58
10:07:44
10:09:44
10:11:35
10:13:55
10:16:46

Saturation
flow (s)
(Veh/sec)

Green
time(g)

0.3
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
1
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.7
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.3

32
35
32
25
29
23
26
23
30
25
37
27
34
31
36
30
33
34
37
27
29
49
28
38
33
28
25
20
42
47
30
34
32
35
35
35
51
55

Cycle
length
(C)
108
143
79
80
83
64
73
80
86
90
90
130
102
104
111
91
116
111
102
91
101
109
110
110
94
105
99
94
87
73
90
98
103
120
111
116
167
69

Arrival
rate (v)
(Veh/sec)

8
5
8
5
4
3
4
4
4
2
3
3
4
5
4
4
11
7
4
4
6
5
7
4
5
9
2
6
2
6
2
5
8
8
7
11
9
3
201

Total Arrival

Table 2b: Gives the proof of vC

No of
arrival

gs

0.07
0.03
0.10
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.09
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.04
0.05
0.09
0.02
0.06
0.02
0.08
0.02
0.05
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.09
0.05
0.04

Saturation
flow(s)
(veh/sec)
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
1
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.7
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.3

Cycle
Green
time length
(C)
(g)
32
35
32
25
29
23
26
23
30
25
37
27
34
31
36
30
33
34
37
27
29
49
28
38
33
28
25
20
42
47
30
34
32
35
35
35
51
55

Arrival
rate(v)
(Veh/sec)

sg

Cv

0.07
0.03
0.10
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.09
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.04
0.05
0.09
0.02
0.06
0.02
0.08
0.02
0.05
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.09
0.05
0.04

9.6
17.5
16
12.5
11.6
2.3
7.8
6.9
6
10
7.4
10.8
13.6
6.2
10.8
9
13.2
34
25.9
10.8
5.8
19.6
5.6
15.2
13.2
8.4
17.5
2
16.8
4.7
18
10.2
9.6
21
7
14
30.6
16.5

8
5
8
5
4
3
4
4
4
2
3
3
4
5
4
4
11
7
4
4
6
5
7
4
5
9
2
6
2
6
2
5
8
8
7
11
9
3

108
143
79
80
83
64
73
80
86
90
90
130
102
104
111
91
116
111
102
91
101
109
110
110
94
105
99
94
87
73
90
98
103
120
111
116
167
69

Table 2c: Calculation of Theoretical Delay

Sl. No.

Delay by
linear
Model
(sec)

Total Delay
by linear
model (sec)

Delay by
Webster
(sec)

Total
Delay by
Webster
(sec)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38

35.51
43.85
17.53
21.61
19.97
24.72
18.51
24.37
23.76
24.85
18.73
43.30
25.13
33.73
28.80
23.95
38.92
28.50
21.94
25.28
36.51
18.65
44.83
25.92
22.83
39.53
28.48
80.53
12.35
26.00
20.77
25.18
33.02
33.87
38.00
37.07
44.26
1.66
Total

284.07
219.25
140.25
108.04
79.89
74.16
74.04
97.47
95.03
49.71
56.18
129.91
100.52
168.64
115.19
95.82
428.13
199.53
87.76
101.14
219.04
93.26
313.79
103.68
114.14
355.74
56.96
483.18
24.70
156.00
41.54
125.90
264.16
270.94
266.00
407.75
398.37
4.98
6404.83

31.96
39.46
15.78
19.45
17.98
22.25
16.66
21.93
21.38
22.37
16.85
38.97
22.62
30.36
25.92
21.56
35.03
25.65
19.75
22.76
32.86
16.79
40.34
23.33
20.55
35.57
25.63
72.48
11.11
23.40
18.69
22.66
29.72
30.48
34.20
33.36
39.84
1.49

255.66
197.32
126.23
97.23
71.90
66.75
66.64
87.72
85.53
44.74
50.56
116.92
90.47
151.78
103.67
86.24
385.32
179.58
78.98
91.02
197.14
83.94
282.41
93.31
102.73
320.17
51.26
434.86
22.23
140.40
37.38
113.31
237.74
243.84
239.40
366.97
358.53
4.48
5764.35

Table 2d: Calculation of Average Delay and Error

Observed
Linear Model

Total
arrival

Total
Delay
(sec)

201

7155
6404.83

Average
delay
(sec)
35.60
31.86

Error

3.73

Webster

Conclusion:

5764.35

28.68

6.92

From table 2d we can observe that linear model and Webster equation gives almost
same result. But they cannot represent the actual field data.
In table 2b there are some data (four data) which cannot satisfies the condition
vC gs. This represents that at that time the oversaturated condition prevailing.
As the intersection is being controlled by policeman then there is no fixed cycle
length and green time.
There was a left turning road just at the entry of intersection. This has some small
effect on departure process as some vehicle take the left turn after stopping
sometime at the intersection without waiting for the green time.

References:
1. Chakroborty, P. and Das. A., Principles of Transportation Engineering.
2. Highway Capacity Manual, Special Report 209, Transportation Research Board, National Research
Council, Washington, D.C., 1998.
3. Dion, F. et al (2004), Comparison of Delay Estimates at Under-Saturated and Over-Saturated PreTimed Signalized Intersections, Transportation Research Part B 38 (2004), 99122.