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THE EFFECT OF THE BLADE SHAPES AND THE BLADE NUMBER OF VERTICALWIND TURBINE FOR SMALL ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION
MirmantoMechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, The University of MataramJl. Majapahit no. 62, MataramPhone (0370)636087, (0370)6570632, e-mail:mirmanto70@yahoo.com
ABSTRAK 
 NTB mengalami krisis energi listrik dan terdapat beberapa lahan pertanian tadah hujansehingga perlu dilakukan usaha-usaha pemanfaatan energi alternative salah satunya yaitu energi angin.Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian kincir angin poros vertical guna penghasil listrik rumah tangga.Kincir terdiri dari 2, 3 dan 4 jumlah sudu dan bentuk sudunya lingkaran, bujur sangkar, persegi panjang dan elip. Masing-masing luas sudu dibuat sama yaitu 0,25 m
2
. Panjang lengan kincir 75 cm.Tinggi tower 6 meter di atas air laut. Lokasi penelitian di daerah Sandik kecamatan Batu Layar,Mataram.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kecepatan angin rata-rata berdasar BMG adalah 3 m/ssedangkan dilapangan kecepatan angin rata-rata 1,2 m/s sampai dengan 1,33 m/s. Putaran kincir rata-rata yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah 15,08 RPM sampai dengan 16,35 RPM. Daya daya angindan poros maksimum yang diperoleh dari penelitian adalah 22,343 Watt dan 6,7 Watt. Pengaruh dari bentuk dan jumlah sudu tidak siknifikan.Katakunci : Energi Angin, Kincir Angin, Kecepatan, Putaran dan Daya.
 ABSTRACT 
 NTB has an electrical power crisis seriously and there are some rice fields that dependent onavailable rain, therefore it is very importantto discover some alternative energy such as wind energy.The result of research on vertical axis wind turbine for generating home electricity is explained in this paper deeply. The wind turbine consisted of several blades (two, three and four blades). The blade shapes were as circle, square, rectangular and ellipse. The blades area was 0.25 m
2
. The length of thewind turbine arm was 0.75 m. The height of the wind turbine tower was 6 m above the sea. Theresearch location was in Sandik, Batulayar, Mataram.The research result shows that according to BMG, the wind velocity is 3 m/s, but in the research location, the wind velocity is varied from 1.2 m/sto 1.33 m/s. The rotation of the wind turbinewasvaried from 15.08 RPM to 16.35 RPM. The powers of wind and turbine shaft were 22.343 Watt and 6.7 Watt. The influence of blade shape and number of blades to the wind turbine characteristics are not significant. Keyword: Wind energy, Wind Turbine, Velocity, Rotation, and Power.
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INTRODUCTION
 NTB region now is undergoing on electrical energy crisis. This crisis is indicated by theactivities PLN on shutting off the current distributed regularly. In addition, almost there is no chancefor new house to have a new electrical connection to the PLN. NTB Government has effort seriously tosolve this crisis but no result shows up yet. According to the secretary of BAPPEDA NTB, at that timewas Ir. Nanang Samudra, MSc, that NTB had planed to build a steam turbine plant like Paiton in EastJava. However, he said that no investor was interested to invest his/her fund.Globally energy, which is available in the form of mineral fuel energy or un-renewable energy,is depleted. On the other hand, human being should look for other energy (alternative energy). In theUniverse, there are many alternative energy forms. However, because of limitation of human beingcapabilities, not all of the alternative energy forms are explored and advantaged optimally andintegrally yet. Several examples of alternative energy that have been advantaged are wind energy,hydro energy and solar energy. One thing that can be considered in Mataram is wind energy. NTB is beach region where the wind ongoing blows with enough velocity so that the wind energy is potentialto be utilized.In Batu Layar district, there are large dry areas that only can be utilized when the rain drops off so that these areas are only able to produce rice just once a year. According to BPPS 2002 that dry ricefields in west Lombok reach almost 2149 ha. These are not worthy if no effort are conducted for utilizing them in order to result crops/harvest. Therefore, using wind energy for pumping is one of solution for eliminating those disadvantages. Except those dry rice fields, in Batu Layar, there are alsomany houses that have no electrical power and water supplied yet. Therefore, the people get cleanwater from well and light from traditional lamp only.Wind potency in NTB, according to BPPT and several researchers, is big enough so that it can be possiblyused for turning the wind turbine. Gintings (1993), a researcher from LAPAN, revealedthat in East Lombok the wind velocity reached up to 5,4 m/s and it could resulted electrical power of 73,21 kWh/m
2
. Based on the condition and situation above, it is important to do research of “Theeffect of the blade shapes and the blade number of vertical axis wind turbine for electrical power generation”.
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LITERATURES REVIEW
Insufficient power generator causes electricity crisis in Mataram. So far, the power generationsupplied by the PLTD has been mainly produced using of Diesel Engine. As known, that DieselEngine is only able to produce small power except it is a very big one so that the electrical power generated from electrical generator turned by Diesel Engine is low. Except low power, diesel enginealso needs fuel that nowadays its price launches highly. The cost of operating the diesel engine for generating the electrical power is considerably high enough. NTB Government has tried fully to overcome about the electricity problem, but it cannot besolved yet. Nanang Samudra explained that no investor wanted to plant fund for this case. Therefore, people have to look for an alternative energy for fulfilling their demands.
Energy
Energyis a capability to do a work. It cannot be destroyed nor created. It only can be changedfrom one form to another form. As an example, in combustion process, chemical energy changes to beheat energy (Tjokrowisastro et al., 1990; Changel, 1994). Sources of energy are mainly classified intotwo groups. The first group is un-renewable energy and the second group is renewable energy. Un-renewable energy such as earth oil, coal, fossil oil etc is now depleted whereas renewable energy suchas hydro energy, waste energy, wind energy, solar energy and so on is able to be recycled or renewed(Kadarwati, 2001).
Wind
Wind is the moving air. Wind flows from low temperature or high pressure to high temperatureor low pressure. Usually, the region, which has low temperature, has high pressure and vice versa.Moving air (wind) can be utilized to turn the blade of wind turbine so that wind energy can be changedto be useful energy. Wind energy is one of energy that can be obtained freely in the universe and it isavailable abundantly. Measurement resulted by BMG that was done in period of 1975-1989 shows thatmore than 50 locations in Indonesia have wind that flows with velocity of 3 to 5 m/s. Research resulted by Suryantini (2003) reveals that average daily power of energy in NTB reaches 975.644 watt. Windenergy in this area has also been utilized for turning 7-wind turbines. Those turbines were as example projects conducted by LAPAN in the period of 1992-1997 in Selayar, East Lombok. The similar 
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