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A
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PERATIONS
2007
Remedial Law
SUMMER REVIEWER
 
 —Advisers:
Atty. Tranquil Salvador III
; Head:
Mary Elizabeth M. Belmonte, Renee Lynn C. Miciano, Ma. Cecillia G.Natividad
; Understudies:
Neliza Macapayag, Benjamin C. Yan
 —
CIVIL PROCEDURE
RULE 1GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 1. Title of the Rules 
The Rules of Court are not penal statutes. Theycannot be given retroactive effect. They can,however, be made applicable to cases pending at thetime of their passage and therefore are retroactive inthat sense.Under the 1987 Constitution, the rule-making power of the Supreme Court has the following limitations:1. It must provide a simplified and inexpensiveprocedure for the speedy disposition of cases;2. Uniform for all courts of the same grade; and3. Shall not diminish, increase or modifysubstantive rights (Art: VIII Section 5[5]).
Section 2. In what courts applicable Section 3. Cases governed 
ACTION CLAIM
An ordinary suit in acourt of justice.A right possessed by oneagainst another.
 
One party prosecutesanother for theenforcement or protection of a right or the prevention or redressof a wrong.The moment said claim isfiled before a court, theclaim is converted into anaction or suit.
APPLICABILITY:1. Civil Action –
one by which a party sues another for the enforcement or protection of a right or theprevention or redress of a wrong.
2. Criminal Action –
one by which the Stakeprosecutes a person for an act or omissionpunishable by law.
3. Special Proceedings –
remedy by which a partyseeks to establish a status, a right, or a particular fact.
CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIONS(A) As to nature
ORDINARY CIVILACTIONSPECIAL CIVIL ACTION
Governed by ordinaryrules.Also governed by ordinaryrules but SUBJECT tospecific rules prescribed(Rules 62 to 71).Formal demand of one’slegal rights in a court of  justice in the manner 
 
prescribed by the courtfor by the law.Special features not foundin ordinary civil actions.
(B) As to object
ACTION INREMACTION INPERSONAMACTION QUASIIN REM
Direct againstthe thing itself.Directed againstparticular personaDirected againstparticular persons.Jurisdiction over the person of the defendant isNOT required.Jurisdiction over the person of the defendantIS required.Jurisdiction over the person of the defendant isNOT requiredas long as jurisdiction over the
res 
isacquired.A proceeding todetermine thestate or condition of athing.An action toimpose aresponsibility or liability upon aperson directly.A proceeding tosubject theinterest of anameddefendant over a particular property to anobligation or lienburdening it.
Judgment isbinding on thewhole world.Judgment isbinding onlyupon partiesimpleaded or their successors ininterest.Judgmentbinding uponparticular persons.Ex. Probateproceeding;cadastralproceeding.Ex. Action for specificperformance;action for breach of contract.Ex. An actionfor partition;action toforeclose realestatemortgage.
 
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Civil Procedure Summer Reviewer
 
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The distinction is important in determining whether or not jurisdiction over the persons of the defendant isrequired.
(C) As to causeREAL ACTION PERSONALACTIONMIXEDACTION
Ownership or possession of real property isinvolved.Personalproperty issought to berecovered or wheredamages for breach of contract aresought.Both real andpersonalproperties areinvolved.Founded onprivity of realestate.Founded onprivity of contract.Founded onboth.Filed in thecourt where theproperty or anypart thereof issituatedFiled in thecourt where theplaintiff or anyof thedefendantsresides, at theoption of theplaintiff The rules onvenue of realactions shallgovern.Ex. AccionreinvidicatoriaEx. Action for asum of money.Ex. Accionpublicana witha claim for damagesThe distinction is significant in determining the venueof an action.
(D)As to place of filingLOCAL ACTION TRANSITORY ACTION
Must be brought in aparticular placewhere the subjectproperty is located,unless there is anagreement to thecontrary
(Section 4,Rule 4).
 Dependent on the placwhere the party resideregardless of where thcause of action arose subjecto
Section 4, Rule 4.
 
 
Ex. Action to recover real property.Ex. Action to recover sumof money
Section
4. In what cases not applicable 
 
NOT APPLICABLE TO:
1. Election Cases;2. Land registration/cadastral cases;3. Naturalization;4. Insolvency proceedings;5. Other cases not provided in the Rules of Court.The Rules of Court are applicable by analogy or in asuppletory character and whenever practicable andconvenient.
Section 5. Commencement of action 
 
A civil action is commencement by:
1. The
FILING OF THE COMPLAINT
(when
 
anadditional defendant is impleaded in a later pleading,the action is commenced with regard to him on thedate of the filing of such
LATER PLEADING
); and
Cabrera v. Tiano 8 SCRA 54 (1963) 
Civil actions are deemed commenced from the date of the filing and docketing of the complaint,without taking into account the issuance and service of summons 
2. The
PAYMENT OF DOCKET FEES
(determinednot only in the amount of the claim but also by theamount of damages).
NOTE:
The amount of damages should be specifiednot only in the body of pleading but also in the prayer.The court may allow the payment of the deficientdocket fee within a reasonable period but not beyondthe applicable prescriptive or reglementary period.An action can be commenced by filing the complaintby registered mail. In which case, it is the date of mailing that is considered as the date of filing and notthe date of the receipt thereof by the clerk of court.
Section 6. Construction 
GENERAL RULE:
Liberal constructionEXCEPTIONS:1. reglementary periods;2. rule on forum shopping.
RULE 2CAUSE OF ACTION
Section 1. Ordinary Civil Actions, basis of 
 
Section 2. Cause of action defined 
 
CAUSE OF ACTION –
is the act or omission bywhich a party violates the right of another.
 
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The essential requisite of a cause of action1. LEGAL RIGHT
of the plaintiff.
2. CORRELATIVE OBLIGATION
of thedefendant to respect plaintiff’s right; and
3.
Act or omission of the defendant in
VIOLATION
of the plaintiff’s legal right.
RIGHT OF ACTION –
right of a person to bring andprosecute action to obtain judgment.
The essential requisites of a right of action:
 1. There must be a
GOOD CAUSE
;2. Compliance with all the
CONDITONSPRECEDENT
; and3. Action, must be instituted by the
PROPER PARTY
.
CAUSE OF ACTION RIGHT OF ACTION
Delict 
or wrongful act or omission committed bythe defendant in violationof the primary rights of the plaintiff.Remedial right or right torelief granted by law to aparty to institute an actionagainst a person who hascommitted a
delict 
or wrong against him.The reason for theaction.The remedy or meansafforded or theconsequent relief.The formal statement of the operative facts thatgives rise to remedialright.The remedial right givento a person because of the occurrence of thealleged facts.A matter of procedureand depends on thepleadings filed by theparties.A matter of right anddepends on substantivelaw.Not affected byaffirmative defenses(fraud, prescription,estoppel, etc.).Affected by affirmativedefenses.
RELIEF REMEDY SUBJECTMATTER
The redress,protection,award or coercivemeasurewhich theplaintiff praysthe court torender in hisfavor asconsequenceof the
delict 
 committed bythe defendant.The procedureor appropriatelegal form of relief of actionwhich may beavailed of bythe plaintiff asthe means toobtain thedesired relief.The thingwrongful act,contractor property which isdirectly involvedin the action,concerning whichthe wrong hasbeen done andwith respect towhich thecontroversy hasarisen.
Section 3. One suit for a single cause of action 
 
Section 4. Splitting a cause of action, effect of 
 
SPLITTING OF CAUSE OF ACTION –
is the act of dividing a single or indivisible cause of action intoseveral parts or claims and bringing several actionsthereon. It is NOT ALLOWED.
PURPOSE:
To avoid multiplicity of suits andunnecessary vexation and harassment of defendants.Applies NOT only to complaints but also tocounterclaims and cross-claims.
Remedies against splitting a single cause of action:
A.
 
Motion to dismiss on the ground of:
 
1. Litis pendentia (Rule 16, Section 1 [e]); or 2. Res judicata (Rule 16, Section 1 [f]).B. An answer alleging either as affirmative defense.(Rule 16, Section 6)
GENERAL RULE:
A contract embraces only onecause of action even if it contains severalstipulations.EXCEPTION
:
A contract to do several things atseveral times is divisible, and judgment for a singlebreach of a continuing contract is not a bar to a suitfor a subsequent breach. (e.g.,
promissory not payable in several installments so long as there is no acceleration clause 
)
Blossom & Co. v. Manila Gas Corp., 55 Phil.226 (1930) 
 
DOCTRINE OF ANTICIPATORY BREACH 
An UNQUALIFIED and POSITIVE REFUSAL to perform a contract, though the performance thereof is not yet due, may, if the renunciation goes into the whole contract, be treated as a complete breach which will entitle the injured party to bring his action at once.
 
Section 5. Joinder of causes of action 
 Joinder of causes of action is purely permissive. Theplaintiff can always file separate actions for eachcause of action.
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Alfie Omega

rule 1-39 only... tnx 4 d copy... keep smiling! a day without smile is a day wasted...;-)

reply04 / 22 / 2012
punongbathala

Hi, kindly send a copy of the civpro reviewer on my email punongbathala@gmail.com. Thanks

reply07 / 06 / 2010
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