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Level2.Thesecondvibhakti.
 
sanskrit lesson 65. Level 2.www.chitrapurmath.net
 © 
Shri Chitrapur Math
1
Lesson 65.
 GHçHço/kçÀçjkçÀ- çÆJçYççÆÊçÀ: çÆÜlççÇ ³çç çÆJçYççÆÊçÀ:
Level 2. The second vibhakti.It is time that we take our study of Sanskrit to Level 2. You would havedeveloped quite a bit of understanding of the language by now. However,when reading texts or when attempting to translate subhashitas, you mightfind yourself wondering why a particular vibhakti has been used and notanother more 'logical' one. The answer is quite simple actually…. grammarrules. And how!I'll take you through each vibhakti and list out the words that compel you touse a particular vibhakti. Explanations/examples follow after the list.Let's understand a few technical terms first.
•
 
The relationship between a noun and a verb is called
 kçÀçjkçÀ ~
Therefore any relationship between words that are not connected to averb cannot be called a
kçÀçjkçÀ> ~
 
•
 
There are six
 kçÀçjkçÀ 
s in Sanskrit.
 kçÀlçç& kçÀcç& kçÀjCç mçcÒçoçvç DçHççoçvç 
and
DççÆOçkçÀjCç 
ie, all the vibhaktis except the sixth.
•
 
The sixth connects to another noun in a sentence and not to a verband therefore is not categorized as a
 kçÀçjkçÀ> ~
For exmple:
çÆMçJçm³ç Hçá $ç: içCçíMç:~ çÆMçJçm³ç 
connects to
Hçá$ç:~
 
•
 
Certain indeclinables
,DçJ³ç³ç 
s
 
, are used with certain vibhaktis. Forexample when ever you use
DççÆYçlç:
, which means 'all around', you needto use the second vibhakti.
DçO³ççHçkçÀcçd DççÆYçlç: sç$çç: GHççÆJçMççÆ  vlç ~
Thestudents sit all around the teacher.
•
 
Vibhaktis which are thus governed by indeclinables are called
  GHçHçoçÆJçYççÆÊçÀ 
s.
•
 
Similarly, we have vibhaktis which are governed by verbs. For example,whenever you use the verb
oç 
in any form, the person that the gift is
 
Level2.Thesecondvibhakti.
 
sanskrit lesson 65. Level 2.www.chitrapurmath.net
 © 
Shri Chitrapur Math
2
given to is always'chosen' from the fourth vibhakti.
Dçncçd jçcçç³ç Hçá<Hçb ooççÆcç ~
I give Rama a flower.
•
 
These verb-governed vibhaktis are called
 kçÀçjkçÀçÆJçYççÆÊçÀ 
s.Now let's get to the job on hand:Whenever you use the following words, you must use the
çÆÜlççÇ ³çç çÆJçYççÆÊçÀ:
You've already done a few in Level 1. This is the complete list.The first vibhakti is used only to identify the subject and the number andgender of the subject. It is not an
GHçHçoçÆJçYççÆÊçÀ:
or a
 kçÀçjkçÀçÆJçYççÆÊçÀ:~ çÆÜlççdzçç çÆJçYççqkçwlç:
 
DçJ³ç³ç:
 1.
 
‚›·þ£þ (
between
)
2.
 
‚›·þ£½µþ (
without, excepting, withreference to, regarding
)
3.
 
‚¹žþ·þ:
4.
 
 „žþ¡þ·þ:
5.
 
 œþ¹£·þ:
6.
 
 œÏ¹·þ 
7.
 
 ¹¨þ›þþ 
8.
 
 ¬þ¨þÄ·þ:
9.
 
 ¹›þˆÅ«þþ (
near
)
10.
 
 mçcç³çç 
(
near
)
 
11.
 
 −þ (
woe be to
)
 
12.
 
 ¹šþˆÃÅ (
sometimes used with the nominativeor vocative.
)
13.
 
 GHç³ç&áHççÆj, DçOççíeOç:, DçO³ççÆOç ( 
when nearness isindicated otherwise use the
 «þ«Úú 
 
)
 
 
Level2.Thesecondvibhakti.
 
sanskrit lesson 65. Level 2.www.chitrapurmath.net
 © 
Shri Chitrapur Math
3
 Hço / Oççlçá:
1.
 
 kçÀcç& 
2.
 
Verbs signifying " to name", "to choose","to make" " to appoint" " to call" " to know"" to consider" govern the accusative.
 pççvçççÆcç lJççb Òçkç=ÀçÆlçHçá©<çcçd ~
I know thee to bethe chief person.
 
3.
 
 içcçd 
and all verbs that mean 'to go.'(greater detail is given in the explanation)
 
4.
 
 ÒççÆJçMçd ( 
also with the.
mç. çÆJç ,
and inthe
 <ç.çÆJç 
if
Dçvlçj 
is used
)
5.
 
 çÆJçMçd ( 
also with the.
mç. çÆJç ,
and in the
 <ç.çÆJç 
 if
Dçvlçj 
is used
)
6.
 
 ÒççHçd ( 
destination
)
7.
 
DççÆOç 
+
 MççÇ
( General rule to follow: whenintransitive verbs are preceded by anupasarga, they are governed by theAccusative:
Dçvçá
+
 Jç=lçd DçvçáJçlç&lçí
to follow,act according to;
Dçç 
+
 ©nd DççjçínçÆ  lç 
ascend;
Dçvçá
+
OççJçd DçvçáOççJççÆlç 
to run behind )
 
8.
 
DççÆOç 
+
 mLçç 
9.
 
DççÆOç 
+
Dççmçd 
10.
 
 GHç-Dçvçá-DççÆOç-Dçç-Jçmçd 
11.
 
 ³çpçd 
12.
 
words denoting duration of space and timeare put in the Accusative.13.
 
 ÒççÆCçHçlçd , ÒçCçcçd ( 
also dative
)
14.
 
 oMç&³ççÆlç ( 
also dative
)
15.
 
the secondary object with the root , tothink, takes accusative when contempt isNOT to be shown.
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myScribd007

thanks for a good book....

reply08 / 31 / 2009
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