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2009

Archil Kublashvili[CEU Business School]27/06/ 2009

OPEC and It’s Influence Transnational Leader SeriesArea- MENA

June 27, 2009

[OPEC AND IT’S INFLUENCE]

1.A Brief History of OPEC

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a permanent,intergovernmental Organization, created at the Baghdad Conference on September 10–14,1960, by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.

The five Founding Members were later joined by nine other Members: Qatar (1961); Indonesia(1962); Socialist Peoples Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1962); United Arab Emirates (1967); Algeria(1969); Nigeria (1971); Ecuador (1973–1992); Gabon (1975–1994) and Angola (2007). OPEC had itsheadquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, in the first five years of its existence. This was moved toVienna, Austria, on September 1, 1965. OPEC's objective is to co-ordinate and unify petroleum policies among Member Countries, in order to secure fair and stable prices for petroleum producers; an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations; and a fair return on capital to those investing in the industry.www.opec.org

The 1960s

These were OPEC’s formative years, with the Organization, which had started life as a group of fiveoil-producing, developing countries, seeking to assert its Member Countries’ legitimate rights in aninternational oil market dominated by the ‘Seven Sisters’ multinational companies. Activities weregenerally of a low-profile nature, as OPEC set out its objectives, established its Secretariat, whichmoved from Geneva to Vienna in 1965, adopted resolutions and engaged in negotiations with thecompanies. Membership grew to ten during the decade.

The 1970s

OPEC rose to international prominence during this decade, as its Member Countries took control of their domestic petroleum industries and acquired a major say in the pricing of crude oil on worldmarkets. There were two oil pricing crises, triggered by the Arab oil embargo in 1973 and theoutbreak of the Iranian Revolution in 1979, but fed by fundamental imbalances in the market; bothresulted in oil prices rising steeply. The first Summit of OPEC Sovereigns and Heads of State washeld in Algiers in March 1975. OPEC acquired its 11th and final current Member, Nigeria, in 1971.www.opec.org

The 1980s

Prices peaked at the beginning of the decade, before beginning a dramatic decline, which culminatedin a collapse in 1986 — the third oil pricing crisis. Prices rallied in the final years of the decade,without approaching the high levels of the early-1980s, as awareness grew of the need for joint actionamong oil producers if market stability with reasonable prices was to be achieved in the future.Environmental issues began to appear on the international agenda.

The 1990s

A fourth pricing crisis was averted at the beginning of the decade, on the outbreak of hostilities in theMiddle East, when a sudden steep rise in prices on panic-stricken markets was moderated by output2CEU Business School-TNL Series| MENA | Archil Kublashvili

June 27, 2009

[OPEC AND IT’S INFLUENCE]

increases from OPEC Members. Prices then remained relatively stable until 1998, when there was acollapse, in the wake of the economic downturn in South-East Asia. Collective action by OPEC andsome leading non-OPEC producers brought about a recovery. As the decade ended, there was a spateof mega-mergers among the major international oil companies in an industry that was experiencingmajor technological advances. For most of the 1990s, the ongoing international climate changenegotiations threatened heavy decreases in future oil demand.

2.Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Functions

The OPEC Member Countries coordinate their oil production policies in order to help stabilize the oilmarket and to help oil producers achieve a reasonable rate of return on their investments. This policyis also designed to ensure that oil consumers continue to receive stable supplies of oil.The Ministers of energy and hydrocarbon affairs meet twice a year to review the status of theinternational oil market and the forecasts for the future in order to agree upon appropriate actionswhich will promote stability in the oil market.The Member Countries also hold other meetings at various levels of interest, including meetings of petroleum and economic experts, country representatives and special purpose bodies such ascommittees to address environmental affairs.Decisions about matching oil production to expected demand are taken at the Meeting of the OPECConference. Details of such decisions are communicated in the form of OPEC Press Releases.The OPEC Secretariat is a permanent inter-governmental body. The Secretariat which has been basedin Vienna since 1965 provides research and administrative support to the MCs. The Secretariat alsodisseminates news and information to the World at large.The official language of the Secretariat is English, official Currency USD per barrel of oil.

Additional functions include: Printing publications, Special Events, Communications, OrganizingConferences, Ceremonies and Visitor Functions, Press and Media RelationsPress Releases, Press Inquiries, Clearances, Evaluation, Strategic Planning.

http://www.opec.org/aboutus/history/history.htm

http://opec.cit.nih.gov/about.html

3CEU Business School-TNL Series| MENA | Archil Kublashvili

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OPEC- Research Paper for MENA

1. A Brief History of OPEC

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a permanent, intergovernmental Organization, created at the Baghdad Confer... (More)

1. A Brief History of OPEC

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a permanent, intergovernmental Organization, created at the Baghdad Conference on September 10–14, 1960, by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.

The five Founding Members were later joined by nine other Members: Qatar (1961); Indonesia (1962); Socialist Peoples Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1962); United Arab Emirates (1967); Algeria (1969); Nigeria (1971); Ecuador (1973–1992); Gabon (1975–1994) and Angola (2007). OPEC had its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, in the first five years of its existence. This was moved to Vienna, Austria, on September 1, 1965.

OPEC's objective is to co-ordinate and unify petroleum policies among Member Countries, in order to secure fair and stable prices for petroleum producers; an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations; and a fair return on capital to those investing in the industry. www.opec.org

The 1960s
These were OPEC’s formative years, with the Organization, which had started life as a group of five oil-producing, developing countries, seeking to assert its Member Countries’ legitimate rights in an international oil market dominated by the ‘Seven Sisters’ multinational companies. Activities were generally of a low-profile nature, as OPEC set out its objectives, established its Secretariat, which moved from Geneva to Vienna in 1965, adopted resolutions and engaged in negotiations with the companies. Membership grew to ten during the decade.

The 1970s
OPEC rose to international prominence during this decade, as its Member Countries took control of their domestic petroleum industries and acquired a major say in the pricing of crude oil on world markets. There were two oil pricing crises, triggered by the Arab oil embargo in 1973 and the outbreak of the Iranian Revolution in 1979, but fed by fundamental imbalances in the market; both resulted in oil prices rising steeply. The first Summit of OPEC Sovereigns and Heads of State was held in Algiers in March 1975. OPEC acquired its 11th and final current Member, Nigeria, in 1971. www.opec.org

The 1980s
Prices peaked at the beginning of the decade, before beginning a dramatic decline, which culminated in a collapse in 1986 — the third oil pricing crisis. Prices rallied in the final years of the decade, without approaching the high levels of the early-1980s, as awareness grew of the need for joint action among oil producers if market stability with reasonable prices was to be achieved in the future. Environmental issues began to appear on the international agenda.

The 1990s
A fourth pricing crisis was averted at the beginning of the decade, on the outbreak of hostilities in the Middle East, when a sudden steep rise in prices on panic-stricken markets was moderated by output increases from OPEC Members. Prices then remained relatively stable until 1998, when there was a collapse, in the wake of the economic downturn in South-East Asia. Collective action by OPEC and some leading non-OPEC producers brought about a recovery. As the decade ended, there was a spate of mega-mergers among the major international oil companies in an industry that was experiencing major technological advances. For most of the 1990s, the ongoing international climate change negotiations threatened heavy decreases in future oil demand.

2. Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Functions

The OPEC Member Countries coordinate their oil production policies in order to help stabilize the oil market and to help oil producers achieve a reasonable rate of return on their investments. This policy is also designed to ensure that oil consumers continue to receive stable supplies of oil.

The Ministers of energy and hydrocarbon affairs meet twice a year to review the status of the international oil market and the forecasts for the future in order to agree upon appropriate actions which will promote (Less)

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Upload Date:	06/30/2009
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