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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Vocal Cord Paralysis
Predisposing Factors:Injury, tumors, or surgery in the neck or upper chest; brain tumors or stroke thatcan affect the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN); neuropathies; benign or malignant laryngeal and head or neck lesions; degenerative neurologicconditions such as Parkinson’s disease; head or chest trauma; medicalintubations; infectious diseases that may affect the nerve like whooping cough, polio, and tetanus.Unilateral or bilateral vocal cord paralysis.When bilateral: significant functional impairment of  phonation and respiration .Impaired vocal cord vibrations that make sounds.Breathing isobstructed oninspiration, producinga condition known asstridor. Closing theairway while breathingin produces creakingnoises in the throatand changes the shapeof the chest. Throat, mouth, and nasal passages are impairedto amplify and modify these sounds to produce voice.Vocal tract articulators (tongue, soft palate, lips)are impaired to further modify the sounds to produce words.Signs: hoarseness or complete voice loss;absent, abnormal, or nearly normal voice; breathy, weak, low-pitched, or high-pitcheddysphonia; short vocalizations and coughingor choking when eating or drinking which may
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