• Embed Doc
  • Readcast
  • Collections
  • CommentGo Back
Download
 
1
Health Information Systems: Challenges and Perspectives
 How to learn from and share experience?
Michel ODIKA
The difficultylies not so much in developing new ideas as in escaping from old ones
(John KEYNES, economist).
Political will forstrengthening governance capacity…
Contemporary health systems tend to become increasingly complex, in the sense that multiplestakeholders are interconnected, with constantly shifting boundaries. In many points, thecredibility and legitimacy of health policy choices depend less on total consensus (unrealistic)than on procedural fairness and transparency. Importantly, policy-makers today are more opento lessons from abroad than they may have been in the past, and are using them to feednational policies with innovative approaches and better evidence of what works and what doesnot. In this specific context, creating the political alignment and commitment to improvehealth information systems is only a first step. Why? Insufficient preparation for newbehaviors and practices is often the weak point. Of particular importance, therefore,is a betterunderstanding of resistance to change. So, the biggest problem, according to John KEYNES,is not to let people accept new ideas, but to let them forget the old ones. For instance, theinstitutional capacities to enable effective health information systems are not a given. Theyare typically weak in countries where, by choice or by default, deep-seated bureaucratictraditions remain the rule…As things now stand, there is growingneed for making information systems instrumental tohealth policies. How to do that depends much on context and background. Nevertheless, bybuilding on networks of organizations and institutions from interdependent and indissociableareas of expertise and interest, relevant and transparent health information systems canproduce consensus-based and validated benchmarks for assessing progress in addressing thechallenges and changes facing health systems.
Comprehensiveness to improve decision-making process and policy-making…
Health authorities to be effective need, not only basic data, but equally strategic informationobtained through a departure from traditional views on the
architecture
, the
clients
and the
scope
of health information systems.Why? Experience across many, if not most, countries(“rich” and “poor” included) shows that health information systems, primarily dedicated toguiding decision-making process, can be described as “closed administrative structures”.Mainly due to a strong top-down and public-sector-only flavour, there is limited flow of limited data on health status, resource allocation and services delivery. Additionally, in manycountries around the world, limited information is almost
exclusively
used to a limited extentby a limited number of established officials when formulating policy reforms, while limiteduse is made of highly critical information from other tools and sources –e.g. NGO’s,household expenditure, opinion polls, university institutions, research centers, etc -,many of whichare often located outside the public sector and even outside the health sector.
Greater emphasis on responsiveness…
In many respects, routine data from traditional healthinformation systems often failinresponding to the rising demand forhealth-associated information from a multitude o
 
2constituencies. For example, citizens need easier access to their own health records, whichshould inform them about the progress being made in their treatment plans, and allow them totake part in decisions regarding their own health and that of their families and communities.Similarly, communities and civil society organizations need better information to protect theirmembers’ health, reduce exclusion and promote equity. As for health professionals, they alsoneed information to improve the quality of their work as well as to improve integration andcoordination of services. Especially noteworthy, ultimately, is the fact that political leadersneed crucial information on how well the health system is meeting society’s goals and on howpublic money is being spent…Information that can be used to steer health policies is quite different from the data that mostconventional health information systems currently produce (2009). Now more than ever, thewidespread need to monitor what such health policy is achieving across the range of basicvalues
1
and directing principles
2
. That basically meansasking key questions that go wellbeyond what can be answered by tracking health outcome indicators, resource use, andservices output, which is what conventional health information systems usually focus on…
Premium on transparency…
The ceaseless multiplication of information users, producers and stakeholders implies that thewayinformation is generated, shared and used also has to evolve. In practical terms, thisdemand calls for open, collaborative and flexible models to ensure that the most relevantsources of basic data are tapped, and strategic information flows (quickly and easily) to allthose who can translate it in appropriate decision and action.Better identification of priority issues and trends is important and vital to anticipate the futurein terms of challenges and changes. So, from a policy point of view, the crucial information isthat which allows identification of the systemic and operational constraints where planning ispredominantly structured along epidemiological considerations, thus providing a new anddynamic basis for progress…. However, this virtuous circle critically depends ontransparency, for instance, by making available health-related information readily accessiblevia the Internet –as is the case in Mali
3
, whereeffective and productive communication isconsidered both an outcome and a motor of what can be labelled as “regime of Explicit HealthGuarantees. So, in the specific case of Mali, accessibility and availability of information areessential to transparency…
In summary: commitment to quality and safety…
Like comprehensiveness and responsiveness contribute to relevance, so accessibility andavailability of information improve transparency, which in turn strengthens the credibility andlegitimacy of health authorities. At the same time, safety relates to anything protective andpromotive for health. As a key component of governance capacityand global safety,therefore, the quality of such information in terms of relevance and transparency is acondition for modernization and development. Where open and collaborative structuresfunction properly, basic data provide strategic information for guiding priority setting anddecision-making process. Conversely, no progress in the way information is processed standsas an obstacle to the design and implementation of all ambitious reform. Ultimately, the firstwealth is health mostly because the main source of wealth is the mastery of information… 
1. Individual freedoms, citizens’ responsibility, social justice, and collective solidarity.2. Equity and continuity in access to care, quality and safety of health services, comprehensiveness and person-centrednes, cost-effectiveness and efficiency, among others…3. Republicof Mali. Ministry of Health: National Health Information System(http://www.sante.gov.ml/msante/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=858&Itemid=120).
of 00

Leave a Comment

You must be to leave a comment.
Submit
Characters: ...
You must be to leave a comment.
Submit
Characters: ...