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PURUSHOTTAM SHARMA SAMEER GUPTA SHASHANK RAIZADA

Transmission Line
Def. A transmission line basically consists of 2 or more
parallel conductors used to connect a source to a load.
What is a transmission line?

Uniform transmission line is one which has its electrical parameters remaining constant along its length of the line. In which voltage to current ratio does not vary with distance if the line is terminated in its characteristics impedance. Electrical parameters of lines are R-L-C-G (ResistanceInductance-Capacitance-Conductance). These parameters are defined per unit length of the conductor and are called Primary constants of the line.

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Uses of Transmission lines:-

To transfer the energy or signal from the transmitter to the receiver. It acts as communication media. In most cases, transmission lines are metallic conductors. Few e.g. of Transmission lines are: Parallel wires Twisted pair wires Ribbon type Co-axial cables Micro-strip lines Wave guides

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REASONS FOR AC GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION

Due to ease of transformation of voltage levels and rough collector cage motors, ALTERNATING CURRENT is universally utilised. Both for GENERATION and LOADS and hence for TRANSMISSION. Generators are at distant places, away from the populated areas i.e. the load centers

They are either PIT HEAD THERMAL or HYDEL

Turbines drive synchronous generators giving an output at 15-25 kV.

To reach the loads at homes/industry at required safe levels, transformers step down voltage.
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COMPARISION OF HVAC & HVDC SYSTEMS

CONVENTIONALLY POWER TRANSMISSION IS EFFECTED THROUGH HVAC SYSTEMS ALL OVER THE WORLD.

HVAC TRANSMISSION IS HAVING SEVER LIMITATIONS LIKE LINE LENGTH , UNCONTROLLED POWER FLOW, OVER/LOW VOLTAGES DURING LIGHTLY / OVER

LOADED CONDITIONS,STABILITY PROBLEMS,FAULT ISOLATION ETC

CONSIDERING THE DISADVANTAGES OF HVAC SYSTEM AND THE ADVANTAGES OF HVDC TRANSMISSION , POWERGRID HAS CHOOSEN HVDC TRANSMISSION FOR TRANSFERRING 2000 MW .

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ADVANTAGES OF HVDC OVER HVAC

TRANSMISSION
CONTROLLED POWER ASYNCHRONOUS OPERATION POSSIBLE BETWEEN REGIONS HAVING DIFFERENT ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS

NO RESTRICTION ON LINE LENGTH AS NO

REACTANCE IN DC LINES
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COST: AC vs DC Transmission
Line Cost AC

Line Cost DC

Terminal Cost DC Terminal Cost AC Break Even Distance

HVDC IN INDIA Back-to-Back

HVDC LINK CONNECTING CAPACITY REGION (MW)

Vindyachal
Chandrapur Vizag I Sasaram Vizag II

North West
West South East South East North East South
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2 x 250
2 x 500 500 500 500

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HVDC TRANSMISSION

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Amity University Rajasthan

Amity University Rajasthan

Amity University Rajasthan

Amity University Rajasthan

USE OF DC
Direct current is put to use in common life for driving our portable devices, UPSs, battery systems and vastly in railway.

DC AS A MEANS OF TRANSMISSION
This has been possible with beginning of

High power/ high current capability thyristor.

&
Fast acting computerized controls
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If DC is required to be used for transmission

& since our primary source of power is A.C,

The following are three basic steps:1. Convert AC into DC (rectifier) 2. Transmit DC

3. Convert DC into AC ( inverter)

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Any Query ?

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