WAJA 2009: Additional Mathematics Form Five

WAJA 2009
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM FIVE
( Students Copy )
Name: ___________________________ Class : ___________________________
www.cikgurohaiza.com
WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)
Chapter 2: Linear Law
Learning Objective: 2.Understand and use the concept of lines of best fit Learning Outcome: 2.1.1 Draw lines of best fit by inspection of given data 1) Which one between the pair is the best fit line? Tick down the reason for your choice in the rectangular box. the appropriate cup. Then write
Example: Draw a line of best fit by inspecting the given data on the graph
y
Criteria the line of best fit:
x xx x x x
x x
1.points lie as close as possible to the line 2.line pass through as many points as possible 3.number of points above and below should be the same distance from the line
(i)
( ii )
( iii )
2) Draw a line of best fit by inspecting the given data on the graph for each of the following graph y (a) x x x x x x x
0 0
(b)
y x x x x x x x
c) y
(d) y 2 x x x x x x 0 x x 0 x x x x x
y 2 y1 y y2 or 1 x 2 x1 x1 x 2
m=gradient c=y-intercept
Learning Outcome: 2.1.2 Write equation for lines of best fit
is a value of y where the graph cuts the y-axis
y=mx+c is the linear equation of a straight line c
1. Match the correct answer
a) find y-intercept given y=2x+8 b) find the gradient given y=-5x-8 c) find y-intercept from the graph below 2
-3 3
d) find the gradient from the graph below

Q(8,14) P(4,2)
e) find the value of y-intercept from the graph below

(5,0) (0,-3)
-5
2. Write the equation of the line of best fit for each of the following graphs Example: i)
y x x 2 0 x x 0 (4, 6) x (1,6) x x
ii)
P
(( 8,1) x t
Find m:
62 40 1
Find m:
Find c: y-intercept, c = 2
Substitute into y mx c The equation of the line is y x 2
1 6 8 1 5 7 Find c: P mt c 5 6 (1) c 7 47 c 7 Substitute into y mx c m 5 47 The equation of the line : P t 7 7
a)
b)
F
x (8,10)
x (1,5) x x 0 (6,1) x x x (2,2)
4 29 [Ans : P V ] 5 5
[Ans :
4x 2 3 3
3. Determine the horizontal and vertical axes of the following graph Example: Plot graph y2 against x y2
vertical axes horizontal axes
x 0 a) Plot graph y against x2
b) Plot graph P against V
c) Plot graph xy against
1 x
d) Plot graph a against
1 b
4. Based on the table given, plot the points and draw a line of best fit. Hence write the equation for the line of best fit. Example: i) The values of variables G and H in an experiment are given in the table below G H 0.3 0.35 0.6 0.50 0.8 0.59 0.9 0.65 1.0 0.7
a) Plot G against H and draw a line of best fit b) Write an equation for the line of best fit
Solution: Plot the graph:

G
1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3
(1.0,0.7)
)
(0,0.22) 0.2
0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
Find m from the graph: m Find c from the graph:
0.7 0.22 1 0 0.48 c = 0.21
Substitute into y mx c G 0.48 H 0.21
a) The table below represents the experimental values of two variables L and W. W L 0.1 10.8 0.2 11.3 0.3 12.1 0.4 12.4 0.5 12.7
i) Plot L against W and draw the line of best fit ii) Write an equation for the line of best fit [Ans : m = 5.3, c = 10.2, L = 5.3W +10.2] b) The table below represents the experimental values of two variables p and q. p q 1.0 2.2 2.8 3.4 5.6 5.7 8.4 7.4 11.5 9.7 14.2 11.2
i) Plot q against p and draw the line of best fit ii) Write an equation for the line of best fit [Ans : m = 0.7, c = 1.4, q = 0.7p + 1.4] Learning Outcomes: 2.1.3 Determine values of variables 2.1.3 ( a )Determine values of variables from lines of best fit 1. Determine the values of the variables from the given lines of best fit. y Example:
5
Two variables, x and y, are related by the line of best fit as shown in the graph above. From the graph, determine the value of ( i ) y when x = 1.4 ( ii ) x when y = 4.4
Solution
5
y=4.4
y=2.9
x=1.4
x =2.2
From the graph, (i) ( ii ) when x = 1.4 , y = 2.9 when y = 4.4 , x = 2.2
y
3
x
0 1 2 3
a) Two variables , x and y, are related by the line of best fit as shown in the graph above. From the graph , determine the value of (i) ( ii ) y when x = 0.8 y when x = 2.2
( iii ) x when y = 1.2
b) The table below shows the corresponding values of the variables T and V obtained an experiment. T V 20 122 40 130 60 136 80 148 100 154 120 163
from
i) Plot a graph of V against T and draw a line of best fit. ii) Use the graph obtained in ( a ) to determine the value of a) V when T = 72 b) T when V = 150
[ Answer: a) i) 2.2 ii) 1.4 iii) 2.6 b) ii) a) 143 b) 88 ]
10
2.1.3 ( b ) Determine values of variables from the equations of lines of best fit Example : y
P(0.2,16.5)
X
Q(0.8,9.0)
x 0
The diagram above shows a line of best fit obtained by plotting a graph of y against x. The line passes through points P(0.2,16.5) and Q(0.8,9.0) i) Find the equation of the line of best fit ii) Determine the value of ( a) y when x = 0.7 ( b ) x when y = 22 Solution i) Find m:
m 16.5 9.0 12.5 0.2 0.8
Find c: y 12.5 x c At point P(0.2,16.5), 16.5 12.5(0.2) c 16.5 2.5 c c 19 Substitute into y mx c y 12.5 x 19
ii) i) ii)
y 12.5 x 19 When x 0.7 , y 12.5(0.7) 19 10.25 When y 22 , 22 12.5 x 19 12.5 x 3 x 0.24
11
p (5,3)
(2,0.5) q
a) The diagram above shows part of a line of best fit obtained by plotting a graph of p against q. The line passes through points (2,0.5) and (5,3). i) Find the equation of the line of best fit ii) Determine the value of (a) q when p=0 (b) p when q = -1
v (2,2)
(3,0.5) t
b) Two variables, v and t , are known to be linearly related as shown by the line of best fit in the graph above. The line passes through points (2,2) and (3,0.5). i) Determine the linear equation relating v and t ii) Find the value of v when ( a) t = 0 ( b) t = 5 [ Answer : a) i) p 0.8q 1.1 ii) (a)1.38 (b)-1.9 b) i) v 1.5t 5 ii) (a)5 (b) -2.5
12
Learning Objective: 2.2Apply linear law to non-linear relations Learning Outcome: 2.2.1 Reduce non-linear relations to linear form
1. Plot the graphs based on the given tables of values. y x2 5 x 0 y -5 y

20 20
y x2 5 2 -1 3 4 4 11 x2 y y 0 -5 1 -4 4 -1 9 4 16 11
1 -4
15
15
10
10
10
15
20
25
10
15
20
25
x2
-5
What do you observe?
-5
Quadratic graphs can be drawn as linear graphs if we change the representation of xaxis, that is x x2 .
13
b) y
2 1 x
1 y 2( ) 1 x
2 2 3 1.7 4 1.5
x y
0.5 5
1 3
1 x y
2 5
1 3
0.5 2
0.33 1.7
0.25 1.5
y
5
1 1
0.5
1.5
1 2 x
4
Again, what do you observe? Reciprocal graphs can be drawn as linear graphs if we change the representation of x-axis, 1 that is x x . Conclusion: A non-linear equation can be reduced to a linear form Y = mX + c.
14
Linear Form of Equation

Y mX c
Variables for the Y-axis coefficient=1 Constant (no variable) y-intercept m=gradient Variables for the x-axis
or
Y mX , c=0
2. Identify Y , X , m, c. based on the following linear form. Example: i) y 2x 2 3
Y=y
m=2
X=x2
c=-3
ii)
y 3x 2 5 x Y y x
m=3
X=x2
c=-5
Fill in the blank with the correct answer : Linear equation y 5x 2 8 y x2 2 x 7 y x y 5 2 x x

xy 8 x 3 1 3 1 y 2x 2
Y
y x
X x2
7
1 x
15
3. Reduce the following non linear equation to linear equation in the form of Y mX c . Hence identify Y , X , m, c. Example: i) 2 y 3 x 2 5 Create the y-intercept
x: 2 y 3x 2 5 x x x x
2y 3x 5 x Create coefficient of y=1 & Arrange in the form Y=mX+c y 3 5 2: x x 2 2 y 3 5 x x 2 2
Compare to Y=mX+c
5 y 3 x x 2 2
y 3 5 , m , X x, c x 2 2
ii)
y2
7 3x x
Create the y-intercept

7 x 3xx x xy 2 7 3 x 2 Arrange in the form Y=mX+c x : xy 2
xy 2 3 x 2 7
Compare to Y=mX+c xy 2 3 x 2 7 Y xy 2 , m 3, X x 2 , c 7 16
4. Fill in the blank with correct answer Example: Non Linear Equation a) y 2 x 2 5 Linear Form Equation y Y y m 2 X x2 c -5 = 2x2 5 5
Non Linear Equation b) y x 3 7 x
Linear Form Equation

y x2 7 x
Y y
m 1
X x2
c -7
Non Linear Equation c) x y 8
m 8
17
Non Linear Equation d) y 7 x 2

3 x
Linear Form Equation =7 +
X
x3
c 3
Non Linear Equation e) y 5 x 3x 2 Y m X

y 5 3x x
Non Linear Equation f) 9 4 7 y x Y m X
Linear form equation 1 4 1 y 9x C
18
Non Linear Equation g) y ab x Y m X

log y
C
log a
Learning Outcomes: 2.2.2 Determine values of constants on non-linear relations given: 2.2.2a) Determine values of constants from lines of best fit 1. Find the value of the following situation. Example:
a where a and b are constants.The x diagram below shows part of a line of best fit obtained by plotting a graph of xy against x2 .Find the values of a and b.
The variables x and y are related by the equation by x
xy (4,50) (1,35)
x2 0
From the graph identify the representation of y-axis and x-axis
Y xy, X x 2
Reduce the equation given to linear form , Y = mX +c:
b:
by x a b b bx x a y b bx x a x : xy x x b bx 1 2 a xy x b b
19
Compare Y=mX+c
Y xy, X x 2 , m
Find m from the graph:
1 a ,c b b
50 35 5 4 1
Find c , substitute X=1 , Y=35 , m=5 into the equation Y mX c
Y mX+c 35=5(1)+c c=30

Find the variables a and b
1 =5 b 1 b 5
a 30 b a 30 1 5 a6
a)
Diagram shows a straight line graph of

y x
y against x 2 x
(4,6)
(1,3)
x2
0 Given that y px 3 qx where p and q are constants, find the values of p and q. [p=1, q=2]
20
b)
Diagram shows a straight line graph of by the equation y ax

y x
y 1 against 2 .The variables x and y are related x x
b where a and b are constants. Find the values a and b. x
(3,7)
(1,3)
1 x2
[ a = 1 , b = 2]
2.2.2b) Determine values of constants from data 1. Find the values of the constants based on the table of values. Example: x y 1 1.00 2 2.83 3 3.81 4 5.00 5 5.90
The table above shows experimental values of two variables, x and y. The variables x and y are k known to be related by the equation y h x where h and k are constants. x ( i )Plot a graph of y x against x and draw a line of best fit. ( ii )From the graph obtained in ( b ) , find the values of h and k. Solution:
From the graph identify the representation of y-axis and x-axis Y= y x , X=x Construct a new table X=x 1 1.00 2 4.00 3 6.60 4 10.00 5 13.19
Yy x
21
Plot the points and draw the graph
y x
14
Graph of y x against x
12 10 8 6 4 2
10 2 = 8
4 1.4 = 2.6
2 3 4 5
0
-2
Reduce the equation given to linear form , Y mX c
x:y x h x x
y x hx k
Compare Y mX c
k x
Y y x , X x , m h, c k
Find m and y-intercept from the graph :
10 2 3.077 4 1.4 m h 3.077 h 3.077 m
y-intercept=c=-2 c=k=-2 k 2
22
a) Table shows the values of two variables , x and y,obtained from an experiment.The r variables x and y are related by the equation y px , where p and r are constants. px x y 1.0 5.5 2.0 4.7 3.0 5.0 4.0 6.5 5.0 7.7 5.5 8.4
( i ) Plot xy against x2 , by using a scale of 2 cm to 5 units on both axes.Hence , draw the line of best fit. ( ii ) Use the graph from ( a ) to find the value of ( a ) p, ( b ) r. [ p = 1.3778 , r = 5.5111 ]
b) Table shows the values of two variables , x and y,obtained from an experiment.The variables p x and y are related by the equation y 2kx 2 x, where p and k are constants. k x y ( i )Plot fit. ( ii )Use the graph from ( a ) to find the value of ( a ) p, ( b ) k. ( c ) y when x = 1.2 [ p = 0.7763 , k = 0.2875 ,y = 4.08 ] 2 8 3 13.2 4 20 5 27.5 6 36.6 7 45.5
y against x , using a scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on both axes. Hence, draw the line of best x
23

WAJA 2009: Additional Mathematics Form Five

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WAJA 2009

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM FIVE

Name: ___________________________ Class : ___________________________

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Chapter 2: Linear Law

Criteria the line of best fit:

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Chapter 2: Linear Law

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Chapter 2: Linear Law

Learning Outcome: 2.1.2 Write equation for lines of best fit

is a value of y where the graph cuts the y-axis

y=mx+c is the linear equation of a straight line c

1. Match the correct answer

d) find the gradient from the graph below

e) find the value of y-intercept from the graph below

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Chapter 2: Linear Law

Substitute into y mx c The equation of the line is y x 2

1 6 8 1 5 7 Find c: P mt c 5 6 (1) c 7 47 c 7 Substitute into y mx c m 5 47 The equation of the line : P t 7 7

x (1,5) x x 0 (6,1) x x x (2,2)

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Chapter 2: Linear Law

x 0 a) Plot graph y against x2

b) Plot graph P against V

c) Plot graph xy against

d) Plot graph a against

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Chapter 2: Linear Law

Solution: Plot the graph:

Find m from the graph: m Find c from the graph:

0.7 0.22 1 0 0.48 c = 0.21

Substitute into y mx c G 0.48 H 0.21

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Chapter 2: Linear Law

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Chapter 2: Linear Law

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Chapter 2: Linear Law

( iii ) x when y = 1.2

[ Answer: a) i) 2.2 ii) 1.4 iii) 2.6 b) ii) a) 143 b) 88 ]

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Chapter 2: Linear Law

y 12.5 x 19 When x 0.7 , y 12.5(0.7) 19 10.25 When y 22 , 22 12.5 x 19 12.5 x 3 x 0.24

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Chapter 2: Linear Law

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Chapter 2: Linear Law

1. Plot the graphs based on the given tables of values. y x2 5 x 0 y -5 y

What do you observe?

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Chapter 2: Linear Law

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Chapter 2: Linear Law

Linear Form of Equation

2. Identify Y , X , m, c. based on the following linear form. Example: i) y 2x 2 3

Fill in the blank with the correct answer : Linear equation y 5x 2 8 y x2 2 x 7 y x y 5 2 x x

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Chapter 2: Linear Law

2y 3x 5 x Create coefficient of y=1 & Arrange in the form Y=mX+c y 3 5 2: x x 2 2 y 3 5 x x 2 2

Create the y-intercept

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 5)

Chapter 2: Linear Law

Name: _ Class : _