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04 |
Official (DAC) humanitarianassistance
This chapter looks at the humanitarian expenditure reported to the DevelopmentAssistance Committee (DAC) by its members – Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada,Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, theNetherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, theUnited Kingdom, the United States and the European Commission (EC). Looking atthe current volumes and longer-term trends in humanitarian aid within the widercontext of official development assistance (ODA), we attempt to answer some of thebig questions – how much humanitarian assistance is there? Who are the largestdonors? Are the largest donors the most generous? How do they spend theirhumanitarian aid? Where do they spend it?
Profiles of the 20 largest DAC donors by volume and a summary table can be foundin Chapter 9, Humanitarian donor profiles
Public donations to NGOs, UN agencies andRed Cross and Red Crescent Movement
2007 / US$3.1bn2008 /
data not available in fullHumanitarian assistance from non-DAC donors
2007 / US$341m2008 / US$ 1.1bn
Post-conflict and security-related ODA (DAC donors)
2007 / US$3.1bn2008 /
data not available until December 2009Multilateral official humanitarian assistance(DAC donors to UN agencies)
2007 / US$913m2008 /
data not available until December 2009Bilateral official humanitarian assistance(DAC donors)
2007 / US$7.8bn2008 / US$10.4bn (prelim)
Total official humanitarian assistance(DAC donors)
2007 / US$8.7bn2008 /
data not available in full
20072008
US$15bnUS$18bn
    U    S    $    8 .   7    b   n
    T   o   t   a    l   o    f    f    i   c    i   a    l    h   u   m   a   n    i   t   a   r    i   a   n   a   s   s    i   s   t   a   n   c   e
Global humanitarianassistance
Preliminary data shows that bilateralexpenditure reached US$10.4bn in 2008(current prices). Data relating to multilateralofficial humanitarian assistance in 2008 willbe published by the DAC in December 2009
    T   o   t   a    l   o    f    f    i   c    i   a    l    h   u   m   a   n    i   t   a   r    i   a   n   a   s   s    i   s   t   a   n   c   e
 
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How much do DAC donors spend on humanitarianassistance?
In 2007 DAC donors spent a total of US$8.7 billion on humanitarian assistance.Bilateral humanitarian assistance accounted for US$7.8 billion (or 89.5%) of thetotal and multilateral for the remaining US$913 million (10.5%). The totalhumanitarian assistance figure for 2008 will be available when the DAC publishesits full set of data in December 2009.Preliminary data released by the DAC in March 2009 indicates that bilateralhumanitarian assistance expenditure alone reached US$10 billion in 2008. This is a28.6% increase on bilateral expenditure in 2007 and is 15.1% higher than the totalhumanitarian expenditure of the DAC donors in 2007. The level of bilateralexpenditure in 2008 almost matches the total humanitarian expenditure of theofficial donors in 2005, which was driven by the exceptional response to the IndianOcean earthquake-tsunami.The DAC data used for this analysis shows a fall of US$1.1 billion (or 11.3%) in totalhumanitarian aid volumes between 2006 and 2007. Bilateral humanitarianassistance volumes declined by US$954million while multilateral declined byUS$131 milllion. Nevertheless the the long-term trend in humanitarian assistanceshows a clear upward path, with humanitarian spending for 2007 over 33% higherthan in 2000 and almost 175% higher than in 1990 in real terms. Figure 1 illustratesthe 'ratchet' effect – a peak in spending, driven by a major emergency followed byspending at higher levels than pre-peak years. So although humanitarianassistance fell back in 2006 and 2007, it was still above its 2004 level.
2
Figure 1: Total official humanitarian assistance expenditure, 2000-2008[Source: Development Initiatives analysis based on OECD DAC1 and 2a]
1
   2   0   0   0   2   0   0   1   2   0   0   2   2   0   0   3   2   0   0   4   2   0   0   5   2   0   0    6   2   0   0   7   2   0   0   8    (   p   r   e    l    i   m    )
    6 .   5   2   1    6 ,   3   1   7    6 ,   5   7   0   7 ,   9   4   2   7 .   9   4   3   1   0 ,    8   4   3   9 ,   7   9   7    8 ,    6    8   9
    U    S    $   m    i    l    l    i   o   n    (   c   o   n   s   t   a   n   t   2   0   0   7   p   r    i   c   e   s    )
Total humanitarianassistanceMultilateral (UN agencies)Bilateral12,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,0000
   1   0 ,   0   0   0
1
http://stats.oecd.org/wbos/Index.aspx?datasetcode =TABLE1
2
US$582 million (or 52.6%) of the US$1.1 billion decline in total official humanitarian asssistance expenditure in 2007 isattributable to a fall in the (bilateral) humanitarian aid reported for inclusion in DAC1 Official and Private Flows by the UnitedKingdom. However, if we were to take the (bilateral) humanitarian aid expenditure reported by the United Kingdom to theDAC CRS in 2007, the overall decline in the collective total humanitarian aid expenditure of the DAC would be US$874 million(or 9%). The UK is the only donor where there is a significant difference between the amounts reported in DAC andCRS tables
‘Total official humanitarian assistanceexpenditure’signifies the humanitariancomponent of the 23 OECD DAC donors’official development assistance (ODA).It comprises:• ‘bilateral’humanitarian aid expenditure – OECD DAC data taken from DAC1Official and Private Flows, item I.A.1.5• ‘multilateral’humanitarian aidexpenditure – OECD DAC data taken from DAC2a ODA Disbursements• all ODA reported to UNHCR and UNRWA (as recipients of DAC donor ODA)• nearly all ODA reported to WFP(as a ‘recipient’of DAC ODA)• humanitarian aid reported to UNICEF,UNFPA, UNDPand 'Other UN'(as recipients of DAC donor humanitarian aid)See methodology and notes at end of chapter for further details
 
   2 ,   5    6   2    6   2   2
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Official (DAC) humanitarian assistance
Figure 3: Volume change in official total humanitarian assistance expenditure and UN CAPappealrequirements, 2001-2008 [Source: Development Initiatives analysis based on DAC1, DAC2a and UNOCHA FTS]
Multilateral (UN agencies)Bilateral200020012002200320042005200620072008
Figure 2: Change in volumes of bilateral and multilateral humanitarian assistance, 2000-2007 (withpreliminary bilateral data for 2008) [Source: Development Initiatives based on OECD DAC 1 and 2a]
AfghanistanIraqIndian Oceanearthquake/tsunamiSudan?
1,2631388201,5636502,2452,223-954
 
    6   2   7
3,0002,0001,0000-1,000-2,000Total humanitarian assistanceexpenditureUN CAPappeal requirementsBilateral humanitarian assistanceexpenditure
  -   2   0   5   1 ,   7    6    8   4   1   5    8   9   1   1 ,   7   7   1  -   1 ,    8   1   4   2 ,   4   2   5  -    8   9    8  -   4    6   0  -   3    6   7   1 ,   7   3   2   2 ,   1   4   5
3,0002,5002,0001,5001,0005000-500-1,000-1,500-2,000-2,500
    U    S    $   m    i    l    l    i   o   n    (   c   o   n   s   t   a   n   t   2   0   0   7   p   r    i   c   e   s    )
   3    6
20012002200320042005200620072008
    U    S    $   m    i    l    l    i   o   n
The fall in total official humanitarianassistance was US$1.1bn in 2007 in realterms (constant 2007 prices) but US$367min current prices. This is due to exchangerate fluctuations
Humanitarian needs change each year. These annual fluctuations in fundingrequirements are more extreme than the changes in humanitarian contributions.Official multilateral humanitarian assistance is much less volatile than official bilateralhumanitarian because it represents core, unearmarked contributions to UN agencies.
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