C
ONTENTS
P
REFACE
...................................................................................................................i
I
NTRODUCTION
.......................................................................................................1
1.
The Political Context and the Search for Europe’s Destiny
....................10
Changing security perceptions.........................................................................10
Political destiny...................................................................................................13
Institutional change............................................................................................19
2.
Progress in Practice
......................................................................................27
NATO summit in Washington.........................................................................32
NATO action in Kosovo....................................................................................35
Towards European military capabilities.........................................................43
The Helsinki Headline Goals............................................................................47
Elaboration under the Portuguese presidency...............................................49
Capabilities commitment during the French presidency.............................54
Nice was not nice................................................................................................57
Malaise in 2001....................................................................................................62
The Turkish issue...............................................................................................67
Focus on civilian crisis management during the Swedish presidency.......68
3.
Terrorism Strikes – Adjustment to New Threats
......................................72
Policy implications.............................................................................................75
Transformation...................................................................................................79
A mandate for the Spanish presidency of 2002..............................................83
Conflict prevention............................................................................................88
Police capabilities...............................................................................................92
Financing common costs...................................................................................95
4.
Transatlantic Crossroads
.............................................................................98
Pillar, bridge, identity and separable or autonomous capability?.............101
NATO and the EU play leap-frog..................................................................115
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