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CONCEPT OF POVERTY
People who fail to reach a certain minimum level of consumption standardare generally regarded as poor. The planning commission has adopted thedefinition provided by the ‘Task force on projections of minimum needs andEffective consumption demand’ according to which, a person is below the poverty line if his daily consumption of calories is less than 2400 in ruralareas and 2100 in urban areas.
CAUSES OF POVERTY
Economic backwardness or stagnation
:It is characteristic of thecountryside of a developing country like INDIA where majority of the population lives. Agriculture is the main occupation of the rural poor and contributes one-third of the NDP. Yet the income it provides toagriculture workers is substantially below average and almost at thesubsistence level. This includes many factors such as small size of land holdings, inadequate irrigation facilities, lack of enough financialresources needed for investment for ensuring development and raising productivity. Thus, productivity in small farms is generally lowresulting in very low levels of returns. The condition of landlessagricultural labourer is worse. The economic condition of personsengaged in non- agricultural activities in the rural sector is equallydismal.
Political stakes :
These
 
are also equally responsible
 
for wide spread poverty in the economy. But whereas these interests can be countered
 
 by following the right type of policies, social factors responsible for  promoting poverty are more subtle and are interwoven in the web of society itself. Inhibitions and handicaps arising from caste andreligion are hard to overcome and require considerable effort by wayof propaganda and education through mass media, re- orientation of education system.
OTHER FACTORS
Family size and family composition
 
Poor levels of education and skills
Lack of motivation and will
 
The feudalistic system
 
 
 
Review of poverty removal by Indian government
Integrated Rural development programme(IRDP)
:The IRDP started since the sixth plan, and aimed at an all rounddevelopment of the target group to lift it above the poverty line. Thetarget group consisted of the poorest among the poor in rural areas.Under the programme, subsidies were provided to the identifiedfamilies so as to enable them to acquire an income generating asset. It,through a programme of asset endowment, aimed to provide self-employment in a variety of activities like sericulture, animalhusbandry, weaving & handicrafts. The programme of the IRDP hasnow been merged with
swarna jayanti gram swarozgar yojana.
Scheme for providing self employment to educated unemployedyouth:
This scheme aimed at providing self employment to about 2 to 2.5lakh educated unemployed youth through industry, service and business routes in each year. The schemes provides for loan up to Rs25000 at concessional rate of interest of 10% per annum in thecentrally backward districts and 12% per annum in other districts.
Jawahar Rojgar Yojana
:The JRY had been formulated by merging together two wageemployment programmes that had been in operation earlier i.e. NREPAND RLEGP. The main objectives of the JRY werea) generation of additional gainful employment for the unemployedand underemployed in rural areas.
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