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July 3, 2009July 3, 2009 
Local AnestheticsLocal Anesthetics
Sona PradhanSona Pradhan20092009
 
 
Local AnestheticLocal Anesthetic
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A local anesthetic is an agent thatA local anesthetic is an agent thatinterrupts pain impulses in a specificinterrupts pain impulses in a specificregion of the body without a loss of region of the body without a loss of patient consciousness. Normally, thepatient consciousness. Normally, theprocess isprocess iscompletely reversible-com
 
pletely reversible--the-theagent does not produce any residualagent does not produce any residualeffect on the nerve fiber.effect on the nerve fiber.
 
 
HistoryHistory
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The first local anesthetic was Cocaine whichThe first local anesthetic was Cocaine whichwas isolated from coca leaves by Albertwas isolated from coca leaves by AlbertNiemann in Germany in the 1860s. The veryNiemann in Germany in the 1860s. The veryfirst clinical use of Cocaine was in 1884 byfirst clinical use of Cocaine was in 1884 bySigmund Freud who used it to wean a patientSigmund Freud who used it to wean a patientfrom morphine addiction. It was Freud andfrom morphine addiction. It was Freud andhis colleague Karl Kollar who first noticed itshis colleague Karl Kollar who first noticed itsanesthetic effect. Kollar first introduced it toanesthetic effect. Kollar first introduced it toclinical ophthalmology as a topical ocularclinical ophthalmology as a topical ocularanesthetic. Also in 1884, Dr. William Stewartanesthetic. Also in 1884, Dr. William StewartHalsted was the first to describe the injectionHalsted was the first to describe the injectionof cocaine into a sensory nerve trunk toof cocaine into a sensory nerve trunk tocreate surgical anesthesia.create surgical anesthesia.
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