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KONFIGURACIJA IPv6 PROTOKOLA NA WINDOWS RADNIM STANICAMA

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1. 1.1

KONFIGURACIJA IPv6 PROTOKOLA NA RADNIM STANICAMA Windows operativni sistem

U aktuelnim izdanjima Windows operativnog sistema, Microsoft koristi uglavnom dva tipa mrene arhitekture za podrku IPv6 protokola: Dual Stack arhitektura Dual IP Layer arhitektura

Sl. 1 - Dual Stack arhitektura

Sl. 2 - Dual IP Layer arhitektura

Dual Stak arhitektura sastoji se od dva zasebna IPv4 i IPv6 steka, sa posebnom implementacijom kako na mrenom sloju tako i na transportnom sloju (TCP i UDP) (sl. 1). Dual IP layer arhitektura je novijeg datuma i sadri posebnu implementaciju IPv4 i IPv6 protokola na mrenom sloju i zajedniki transportni sloj (TCP i UDP) (sl. 2).

1.1.1 Windows XP
Windows XP i Windows server 2003 koriste Dual Stack arhitekturu. Osnovna verzija Windows XP ne sari podrku za IPv6 protokol. Da bi ste instalisali podrku za IPv6 protokol, potrebno je da imate: Windows XP Service Pack 1 + Microsoft Advanced Networking Pack, ili Windows XP Service Pack 2

Instalacija IPv6 podrke je veoma jednostavna. Potrebno je ukucati ipv6 install iz Command Prompt prozora. C:\>ipv6 install Installing Succeeded. C:\>

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Za instalaciju moe da se koristi i netsh interfejs. Iz Command Prompt prozora, jednostavno se ukuca: C:\>netsh interface ipv6 install Ok. C:\> U cilju provere instalacije, kliknite na My Network Place, View Network Connections, Local Area Connection, desnim tasterom mia na Properties. U otvorenom prozoru pored "Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)" treba da se pojavi i "Microsoft TCP/IP version 6" (sl. 3).

Sl. 3 - Windows XP Local Area Connection Properties

S obzirom da Windows XP ima mogunost stateless automatske konfiguracije nije potrebno posebno podeavati IPv6 adrese. Globalna IPv6 adresa se formira tako to se na prefiks IPv6 adrese koji se dobija od rutera doda identifikator interfejsa. Za proveru IPv4 i IPv6 parametara moe se iskoristiti ipconfig naredba: C:\>ipconfig Windows IP Configuration Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 147.91.209.240 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0

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IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 2001:4170:3000:1:646b:447:9a29:6bad IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : fe80::213:d4ff:fe9a:eba7%4 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 147.91.209.4 fe80::21a:2fff:fe42:cb40%4 ...................... C:\> Gde su: Globalna IPv6 adresa: . . . . . . . . . . . . : IPv6 adresa lokalnog linka: . . . . . . . . : 2001:4170:3000:1:646b:447:9a29:6bad fe80::213:d4ff:fe9a:eba7%4

IPv6 Adresu je mogue uneti i runo pomou netsh naredbe koja ima sintaksu:
netsh interface ipv6 add address InterfaceNameOrIndex IPv6Address [[type=]unicast|anycast] [[validlifetime=]Minutes|infinite] [[preferredlifetime=]Minutes|infinite] [[store=]active|persistent]

odnosno: C:\>netsh interface ipv6 add address "Local Area Connection" 2001:4170:3000:1::d6 Ok. C:\> Za dodavanje statike rute koristi se sintaksa:
netsh interface ipv6 add route IPv6Address/PrefixLength InterfaceNameOrIndex [[nexthop=]IPv6Address] [[publish=]no|age|yes] [[validlifetime=]Minutes|infinite] [[preferredlifetime=]Minutes|infinite] [[store=]active|persistent]

Za dodavanje DNS servera koristi se sintaksa:

netsh interface ipv6 add dns InterfaceNameOrIndex IPv6Address [[index=]Integer]

Radi provere funkcionalnosti IPv6 protokola moe se koristiti ping6 naredba. Iz Command Prompt-a kucajte ping6 naredbu do loopback interfejsa.: C:\>ping6 ::1 Pinging ::1 from ::1 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from ::1: bytes=32 time<1ms Reply from ::1: bytes=32 time<1ms Reply from ::1: bytes=32 time<1ms

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Ping statistics for ::1: Packets: Sent = 3, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

Windowds XP nema integrisanu DHCPv6 podrku.

1.1.2 Windows Vista

Microsoft Windows Vista i Windows server 2008 koriste Dual IP layer arhitekturu (sl. 2). Windows Vista ima integrisanu podrsku za IPv6 protokol. Windows Vista ima mogunost automatske konfiguracije tako da nije potrebno posebno podeavati IPv6 adrese i druge parametre. Za proveru konfiguracije moe da se koristi ipconfig naredba: C:\>ipconfig Windows IP Configuration Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS IPv6 Address. . . . . . Temporary IPv6 Address. Link-local IPv6 Address IPv4 Address. . . . . . Subnet Mask . . . . . . Default Gateway . . . . . : . : 2001:4170:3000:1:6c04:6345:3bf0:b137 . : 2001:4170:3000:1:e95f:8109:bcf9:3954 . : fe80::6c04:6345:3bf0:b137%8 . : 147.91.209.229 . : 255.255.255.0 . : 2001:4170:3000:1::1 fe80::21a:2fff:fe42:cb40%8 147.91.209.4 ............................. Suffix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C:\> Ukoliko elimo da runo podesimo TCP IPv6 parametre moemo da iskoristitimo grafiki interfejs. Kliknimo na Control Panel, Network Connection, desnim tasterom kliknemo na link ili adapter koji elimo runo da konfiguriemo, a zatim kliknemo na Properties (sl. 4).

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Sl. 4 - Windows Vista Local Area Connection Properties U otvorenom prozoru kliknemo na Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6) a zatim na Properties, dobijamo prozor za unos IPv6 parametara (sl. 5).

Sl. 5 Windows Vista - Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6) Properties

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IPv6 parametre moemo podesiti runo, pomou netsh naredbe: Za dodavanje IPv6, netsh naredba ima sintaksu:
netsh interface ipv6 add address InterfaceNameOrIndex IPv6Address [[type=]unicast|anycast] [[validlifetime=]Minutes|infinite] [[preferredlifetime=]Minutes|infinite] [[store=]active|persistent]

Za dodavanje statike rute, netsh naredba ima sintaksu:

netsh interface ipv6 add route IPv6Address/PrefixLength InterfaceNameOrIndex [[nexthop=]IPv6Address] [[publish=]no|age|yes] [[validlifetime=]Minutes|infinite] [[preferredlifetime=]Minutes|infinite] [[store=]active|persistent]

Za dodavanje DNS servera, netsh naredba ima oblik::

netsh interface ipv6 add dns InterfaceNameOrIndex IPv6Address [[index=]Integer]

Microsoft Windows Vista i Windows Server 2008 podravaju DHCPv6 protokol. Klijent koji radi pod Windows Vista podrava stateful auto konfiguraciju sa DHCPv6 serverom.

1.2

Alati za djagnostiku

1.2.1 Ping
Ping je osnovni alat za ispitivanje postojanja konekcije izmeu dva raunara i otkrivanje problema na mrei. Ova naredba alje primaocu ICMP pakete i nalae primaocu da vrati poiljaocu sadraj koji je dobio u istoma paketu. Proverava da li je mogue uspostaviti vezu sa drugim raunarima na mrei i meri brzinu odziva. Otvorite Command Prompt i kucajte sledeu naredbu: ping6 {host name} C:\>ping6 ipv6.google.com Pinging ipv6.l.google.com [2001:4860:0:1001::68] from 2001:4170:3000:1:a5b4:20ed:f409:5193 with 32 bytes of data: Reply Reply Reply Reply from from from from 2001:4860:0:1001::68: 2001:4860:0:1001::68: 2001:4860:0:1001::68: 2001:4860:0:1001::68: bytes=32 bytes=32 bytes=32 bytes=32 time=38ms time=39ms time=38ms time=38ms

Ping statistics for 2001:4860:0:1001::68:

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Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 38ms, Maximum = 39ms, Average = 38ms C:\> ili ping6 {IPv6adresa}

C:\>ping6 2001:4170:3000:1::1 Pinging 2001:4170:3000:1::1 from 2001:4170:3000:1:a5b4:20ed:f409:5193 with 32 bytes of data: Reply Reply Reply Reply from from from from 2001:4170:3000:1::1: 2001:4170:3000:1::1: 2001:4170:3000:1::1: 2001:4170:3000:1::1: bytes=32 bytes=32 bytes=32 bytes=32 time<1ms time<1ms time<1ms time=1ms

Ping statistics for 2001:4170:3000:1::1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms C:\>

1.2.2 Traceroute
Ova naredba prikazuje putanju paketa kroz IP mreu.. Otvorite Command Prompt i kucajte sledeu naredbu: tracert6 tracert6 {host_name} {IPv6_adresa}

C:\>tracert6 ipv6.google.com
Tracing route to ipv6.l.google.com [2001:4860:0:1001::68] from 2001:4170:3000:1:a5b4:20ed:f409:5193 over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 <1 <1 1 2 6 8 9 8 8 16 24 26 35 * 38 ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms <1 <1 1 2 5 8 8 8 8 16 24 27 36 * 38 ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms <1 <1 4 2 5 8 8 8 8 16 24 25 36 * 38 ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms 2001:4170:3000:1::1 2001:4170:1f00:d1::1 2001:4170:0:7::234 2001:4170:0:8::1 szeged-belgrade-if.seeren.org [2001:738:7000:402::1] c6513-2.vh.hbone.hu [2001:738::5] c6513.vh.hbone.hu [2001:738::4] hungarnet-gw.rt1.bud.hu.geant2.net [2001:798:1b:10aa::6] hungarnet.rt1.bud.hu.geant2.net [2001:798:1b:10aa::5] so-4-0-0.rt1.pra.cz.geant2.net [2001:798:cc:1301:1b01::1] so-6-3-0.rt1.fra.de.geant2.net [2001:798:cc:1301:1401::2] 2001:450:2002:70::1 pr61.ams04.net.google.com [2001:7f8:1::a501:5169:1] Request timed out. 2001:4860:0:1001::68

Trace complete. C:\>

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1.2.3 Pathping
Naredba pathping je alatka za praenje putanje koja kombinuje osobine naredbi ping i tracert, ali daje i dodatna obavetenja koja ne nudi nijedna od prethodne dve komande. C:\>pathping ipv6.google.com
Tracing route to ipv6.l.google.com [2001:4860:0:1001::68] over a maximum of 30 hops: 0 2001:4170:3000:0:c003:1a74:e9d:775d 1 2001:4170:3000::1 2 2001:4170:1f00:d1::1 3 2001:4170:0:7::234 4 2001:4170:0:8::1 5 szeged-belgrade-if.seeren.org [2001:738:7000:402::1] 6 c6513-2.vh.hbone.hu [2001:738::5] 7 c6513.vh.hbone.hu [2001:738::4] 8 hungarnet-gw.rt1.bud.hu.geant2.net [2001:798:1b:10aa::6] 9 hungarnet.rt1.bud.hu.geant2.net [2001:798:1b:10aa::5] 10 so-4-0-0.rt1.pra.cz.geant2.net [2001:798:cc:1301:1b01::1] 11 so-6-3-0.rt1.fra.de.geant2.net [2001:798:cc:1301:1401::2] 12 2001:450:2002:70::1 13 pr61.ams04.net.google.com [2001:7f8:1::a501:5169:1] 14 * * * Computing statistics for 350 seconds... Source to Here This Node/Link Hop RTT Lost/Sent = Pct Lost/Sent = Pct Address 0 2001:4170:3000:0:c003:1a74:e9d:775 d 0/ 100 = 0% | 1 0ms 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% 2001:4170:3000::1 0/ 100 = 0% | 2 0ms 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% 2001:4170:1f00:d1::1 0/ 100 = 0% | 3 9ms 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% 2001:4170:0:7::234 0/ 100 = 0% | 4 7ms 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% 2001:4170:0:8::1 0/ 100 = 0% | 5 6ms 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% szeged-belgrade-if.seeren.org [200 1:738:7000:402::1] 0/ 100 = 0% | 6 10ms 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% c6513-2.vh.hbone.hu [2001:738::5] 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 100 100 100 100 = = = = 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% | c6513.vh.hbone.hu [2001:738::4] | hungarnet-gw.rt1.bud.hu.geant2.net | hungarnet.rt1.bud.hu.geant2.net [2 | so-4-0-0.rt1.pra.cz.geant2.net [20 | so-6-3-0.rt1.fra.de.geant2.net [20 | 2001:450:2002:70::1 | pr61.ams04.net.google.com [2001:7f | zoran [::]

9ms

0/ 100 =

0% 0%

8 8ms 0/ 100 = [2001:798:1b:10aa::6] 9 8ms 0/ 100 = 001:798:1b:10aa::5] 10 17ms 0/ 100 = 01:798:cc:1301:1b01::1] 11 24ms 0/ 100 = 01:798:cc:1301:1401::2] 12 57ms 0/ 100 =

0%

0/ 100 = 0/ 100 = 0/ 100 = 0/ 100 = 0/ 100 = 0/ 100 = 0/ 0/ 100/ 0/ 100 100 100 100

0%

0%

0%

13 --100/ 100 =100% 8:1::a501:5169:1] 14 --100/ 100 =100%

= 0% = 0% =100% = 0% 0% 0%

0/ 100 = 0/ 100 =

Trace complete.

C:\>

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1.2.4 Netsh
Alatka koja slui za konfigurisanje parametara mree ali i daje i korisne informacije C:\>netsh interface ipv6 show ? The following commands are available: Commands in this context: show address - Shows IPv6 addresses. show bindingcacheentries - Shows binding cache entries. show destinationcache - Shows destination cache entries. show dns - Displays the DNS server addresses. show global - Shows global configuration parameters. show interface - Shows interface parameters. show joins - Shows IPv6 multicast addresses. show mobility - Shows mobility configuration parameters. show neighbors - Shows neighbor cache entries. show prefixpolicy - Shows prefix policy entries. show privacy - Shows privacy configuration parameters. show routes - Shows route table entries. show siteprefixes - Shows site prefix table entries. show state - Shows the state of deprecated functionality. show teredo - Shows Teredo service state. C:\>

C:\>netsh interface ipv6 sh dns DNS Servers on Interface: Local Area Connection Index ----1 2 C:\> DNS Server ----------------------------------------------2001:4170:3000:1::2 2001:4170:3000:1::20

1.2.5 Netstat
Ova naredba prikazuje korisne statistike podatke o TCP/IP protokolu i tekuim linkovima. C:\>netstat /? Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections. netstat [-a] [-b] [-e] [-n] [-o] [-p proto] [-r] [-s] [-v] [interval]

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-a -b

-e -n -o -p proto

-r -s

-v

interval

/?

Displays all active TCP connections and the TCP and UDP ports on which the computer is listening. Displays the executable involved in creating each connection or listening port. In some cases well-known executables host multiple independent components, and in these cases the sequence of components involved in creating the connection or listening port is displayed. In this case the executable name is in [] at the bottom, on top is the component it called, and so forth until TCP/IP was reached. Note that this option can be time-consuming and will fail unless you have sufficient permissions. Displays Ethernet statistics. This may be combined with the s option. Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form. Displays the owning process ID associated with each connection. Shows connections for the protocol specified by proto; proto may be any of: TCP, UDP, TCPv6, or UDPv6. If used with the s option to display per-protocol statistics, proto may be any of: IP, IPv6, ICMP, ICMPv6, TCP, TCPv6, UDP, or UDPv6. Displays the routing table. Displays per-protocol statistics. By default, statistics are shown for IP, IPv6, ICMP, ICMPv6, TCP, TCPv6, UDP, and UDPv6; the -p option may be used to specify a subset of the default. When used in conjunction with -b, will display sequence of components involved in creating the connection or listening port for all executables. Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds between each display. Press CTRL+C to stop redisplaying statistics. If omitted, netstat will print the current configuration information once. Displays help at the command prompt.

1.3

Najee koriene aplikacije koje imaju IPv6 podrku

1.3.1 Browseri
Microsoft Internet Explorer Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 ima integrisanu podrku za IPv6 protokol tako da dodatna podeavanja nisu potrebna. Potrebno je obratiti panju na podeavanje proxy servera jer ukoliko proxy server nema podrku za IPv6 protokol onda konekcija nee biti uspostavljena posredstvom IPv6 protokola. U cilju provere ukucajte: http://ipv6.google.com

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Sl. 6 - Microsoft Internet Explorer

Mozilla Firefox Mozilla Firefox 3 ima ugraenu podrku za IPv6 protokol. IPv6 podrka je po defaultu ukljuena (sl. 7). Ukoliko, elite da iskljuite podrku za IPv6 protokol potrebno je da ukucate about:config, izaberete opciju network.dns.disableIPv6 i promenite vrednost false u true (sl. 8). U cilju provere ukucajte: http://ipv6.google.com

Sl. 7 - Mozilla Firefox - ukljuena IPv6 podrka

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Sl. 8 - Mozilla Firefox - iskljuena IPv6 podrka

1.3.2 Email klijenti

Mozilla Thunderbird Mozilla Thunderbird ima po defaultu ukljuenu IPv6 podrku. Ukoliko elimo da iskljuimo IPv6 podrku kliknuti na: Tools, Options, General, Config Editor. Izabrati opciju network.dns.disable.IPv6 i dva puta kliknuti kako bi se promenila vrednost false u true.

Sl. 9 - Mozila Thunderbird

Windows Mail u Visti Windows Mail (naslednik Outlook Expressa u Windows Vista) ima ve ugraenu podrku za IPv6 protokol. Podatke o serverima moete unositi kao: ime servera, IPv4 ili IPv6 adresu.

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Sl. 10 - Windows Mail

1.3.3 Telnet klijenti

Microsoft Windows telnet klijent Microsoft Windows XP i Windows Vista imaju integrisani telnet klijent. Kod Windows XP klijent je ukljuen po defaultu dok kod Windows Viste treba ukljuiti telnet klijent. Kliknuti na Control Panel, Programs and features, Turn Windows features on or off, izabrati Telnet Client i restartovati raunar. Iz Command Prompta kucati: C:\>telnet ime_hosta ili C:\>telnet IPv6_adresa_hosta

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Sl. 11 - Microsoft telnet klijent Absolute Telnet klijent

Sl. 12 - Absolute Telnet klijent

1.3.4 FTP klijenti

Microsoft Windows FTP klijent Microsoft Windows XP i Windows Vista imaju integrisani telnet klijent koji je ukljuen po defaultu. Iz Command Prompta kucati: C:\>ftp ime_hosta ili C:\>ftp IPv6_adresa_hosta

Sl. 13 - Microsoft FTP klijent

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SmartFTP klijent U radu sa SmartFTP klijentom mogu se koristiti nazivi hosta ili IPv6 adrese.

SL. 14 - SmartFTP klijent

1.3.5 IPv6 audio/video streaming klijenti

Microsoft Window Media Player 11

Sl. 15 - Windows Media Player 11 VLC media player

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Sl. 16 - VideoLAN Client