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Amoebiasis
Amoebiasis continues to be a major public health problem in the developing wo...
From doctorrao
CASE STUDY OF AMOEBIASISAmoebiasis protozoal infection of human beings initially involves the colon, but mayspread to soft tissues, most commonly to
the liver
or lungs, by contiguity or hematogenousor lymphatic dissemination.Amoebiasis is the third leading parasitic
cause of death
worldwide, surpassed only bymalaria and schistosomiasis. On a global basis, amoebiasis affects approximately 50million persons each year, resulting in nearly 100,000 deaths.
Etiologic Agent:
Enatamoeba Histolytica
•
Prevalent in unsanitary areas
•
Common in warm climate
•
Acquired by swallowing
•
Cysts survives a few days outside of the body
•
Cyst passes to the large intestine and hatch into trophozoites. It passes into themesenteric veins, to the portal vein, to the liver, thereby forming amoebic liver abscess.Entamoeba Histolyticahas two
developmental stages
:1.Trophozoites/vegetative form
o
Trophozoites are facultative parasites that may invade the tissues or may be found in the parasitized tissues and liquid colonic contents.2.Cyst
o
Cyst is passed out with formed or semi-formed stools and are resistant to
environmental conditions
.
o
This is considered as the infective stage in the cycle of E. histolytica
Source:
Human Excreta
Incubation Period
:
The incubation period in severe infection is three days. In subacute andchronic form it lasts for several months. In average cases the incubation period variesfrom three to four weeks
Period of Communicability:
The microorganism is communicable for the entireduration of the illness.
Modes of Transmission:
1.The disease can be passed from one person to another through fecal-oraltransmission.2.The disease can be transmitted through direct contact, through sexual contact byorogenital, oroanal, and proctogenital sexual activity.3.Through indirect contact, the disease can infect humans by ingestion of foodespecially uncooked leafy vegetables or foods contaminated with fecal materialscontaining E. histolytica cysts.Food or drinks maybe contaminated by cyst through pollution of water supplies, exposureto flies, use of night soil for fertilizing vegetables, and through unhygienic practices of food handlers.
Clinical Manifestations:
1.Acute amoebic dysentery
o
Slight attack of diarrhea, altered with periods of constipation and oftenaccompanied by tenesmus.
o
Diarrhea, watery and foul smelling stool often containing blood-streakedmucus
o
Colic and gaseous distension of the lower abdomen
o
Nausea, flatulence, abdomnal distension and tenderness in the right iliacregion over the colon2.Chronic amoebic dysentery
o
Attack dysentery that lasts for several days, usually succeeded byconstipation
o
Tenesmus accompanied by
the desire
to defacate
o
Anorexia, weight loss, and weakness
o
Liver may be enlarged
o
The stool at first is semifluid but soon becomes watery, bloody, andmucoid
o
Vague abdominal distress, flatulence, constipation or irregularity of bowel
o
Mild toxemia, constant fatigue and lassitude
o
Abdomen loses its elasticity when picked up between fingers
o
On sigmoidoscopy, scattered ulceration with yellowish and erythematous border
o
The gangrenous type (fatal cases) is characterized by the appearance of large sloughs of intestinal tissues in the stool accompanied by hemorrhage.3.Extraintestinal forms
1.
Hepatic
•
o
Pain at the upper right quadrant with tenderness of the liver
o
Abscess may break through the lungs, patient coughs anchovy-saucesputum
o
Jaundice
o
Intermittent fever
o
Loss of weight or anorexia
Clinical Features:
1.Onset is gradual2.Diarrhea increases and stool becomes bloody and mucoid3.In untreated cases:
Anatomy and Physiology:Amebiasis
is an intestinal illness that’s typically transmitted when someone eats or drinkssomething that’s contaminated with a microscopic parasite called
Entamoeba histolytica
(
E. histolytica
). The parasite is an amoeba, a single-celled organism. That’s how theillness got its name — amebiasis.
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Case Study of Amoebiasis
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| Category: | Uncategorized. |
| Rating: | (2 Ratings) |
| Upload Date: | 07/04/2009 |
| Copyright: | Attribution Non-commercial |
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