You are on page 1of 25

PROBLEM BASED

LEARNING (PBL)
Diana Farhana Bt Mohd Radzi
L20091002855
Siti Fairuz Binti Mohd Noor
L20091002852
Ramle Bin Mapalabong
L20091002846
1 Siti Fatimah Bt. Yunus
L20091002840
Fong Mae Yee
L20091002850
Asma Bt Ishak
L20091002868
LEARNING ISSUES

1) What are the rules and regulation in


lab?
2) Why students come late from the
class?
3) What are the experiment skills they
should know?
4) Why they did not focus during the
experiments session?
5) What are the criteria to write a good
lab report? 2

6) What are the criteria of Safety Lab?


WHAT ARE THE RULES AND
REGULATION IN LAB?
Dress Code:
 Wear laboratory aprons or coats.
Do not any article of clothing or jewelry that can
hang down.
 Always wear safety goggles or glasses
whenever you are working with chemical,
burners, or any substance that might get into
your eyes.

General Safety Rules:


 Read all directions for an experiment several
times.
3
 Never eat or drink in the laboratory.
 Know the location and use of all safety
equipment.
Read your assignment before coming to class
and be aware of all safety precautions.
Using Chemicals Safety:
Never touch, taste or smell any chemicals
that you do not know for a fact is
harmless.
 Be sure you use the correct chemical.
Read the label twice.
 Never mix chemicals for the “fun of it”.

Heating and Fire Safety:


 Never use any heat source such as a
 Candle or burner without wearing safety

4 goggles.
 Never heat a liquid in a closed container.

 Use a clamp when handling hot


containers.
Electrical Equipment Rules:
Never use such metal articles as metal
rulers, metal pencils or pens or wear rings
when doing electrical work.
Turn off all power when setting up circuits
or repairing electrical equipment

Using Glassware Safety:


 Never use broken or chipped glassware.
 Never eat or drink from laboratory
glassware.
5
When heating glassware, use wire or
ceramic screen to protect glassware from
the flame of a bunsen burner.
Using Sharp Instruments:
Handle scalpels with extreme care. Never
cut any material toward you.
Inform your teacher immediately if you are
cut in the laboratory.

End-of-Experiment Rules:
When an experiment is completed, always
clean up your work area and return all
equipment to its proper place.
 Wash your hands after every experiment.
6
Make sure all candles and burners are
turned off before leaving the laboratory.
Student waste Maybe
time : teacher
-Chatting before that
-Go to the did not allow
toilet them to go
-Walk slowly out before
and idly finish the
lesson
Why students
come late from
the class?

It could be they
7 are not interested
to the subject and
they cannot
tolerate with
labs’rules.
WHAT ARE THE EXPERIMENT
SKILLS THEY SHOULD KNOW?
 Observation:
Students gather data by using their senses:
see, touch, taste, smell, hear.

 Inferring:
Students make inferences from their
observation.

 Predicting:
Students make prediction about the outcome of
a reaction based on their past experience and
knowledge. 8
 Classifying:
- Students group things according to similar
characteristics.
- Items can be classified by size, shape, color,
use, or many other aspects.

 Making models:
- Students may decide to make a picture,
diagram, computer image, or even a model or
other representation of what is being observed.

 Communicating:
- A students' communication about an
experiment may be done in many ways: writing,
reading, speaking, listening, and making
models.
- Students can communicate via a lab report. 9
 Measuring Length
- the common SI measure of length is the meter (m)
- a meter stick to measure length or distance.

 Measuring Volume
- the common SI measure of volume is the liter (l)
- use a graduated cylinder to measure liquid volume

 Measuring Mass
- the common SI measure of mass is the gram (g)
- use a balance scale to measure mass or weight

 Measuring Temperature
- the common SI measure of temperature is in degrees
Celsius (° C)
- use a thermometer to measure temperature 10
Measurement Tools

The balance scale The meter stick

Stop watch Pulley 11


12
WHY THEY DID NOT FOCUS DURING
THE EXPERIMENTS SESSION?

It is because they did not:


 read the manual lab first.

 know how to do an experiment. (lack of skills

to do an experiments and use equipments)


 fully understand the objective of an

experiment.
 understand the topic that they had learned

before doing an experiment.


 get full attention from the teacher.

 like Physic’s subject and their instructor in


13
the lab.
 the manual lab given is not complete.
 the instruments and equipments applied is
not
well functioning.
 they did not ready to start the new
experiment.
 they focusing or thinking about other

subject experiment for other subject. (For


example is chemistry experiment for next
class).
 condition of the lab is not comfortable for
14
them.
(room temperature, equipments supply,
WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA TO
WRITE A GOOD LAB REPORT?

15
1. Introduction
 You should give the aim of the investigation-should
be clear and concise.
 Write the hypothesis and prediction of the
investigation. The hypothesis needs to be very clear,
giving an exact and complete description of what
might happen.
 Present the different variables.
-The independent variable is the one that you
alter throughout your experiment. 
-The dependent variable is the variable that you
measure.
-The controlled variables are the ones that you try
to keep constant throughout your experiment so that
they don’t affect your experiment. 16
2. Materials and methods

 Give a list of all the equipment used in the


experiment..
 Use a diagram (picture) to show the
experimental set up if you find it necessary.
 Describe the method and it should be written in
past tense.

17
3. Results

 Data collection
-Record all your raw data in tables.
-The tables should be numbered and briefly describe
the contents of the tables and how you recorded the
results.
-Titles, units and the uncertainty should be given in the
headings of the tables.

 Data Processing and presentation


-The data should be processed (calculated) correctly
and presented in tables and graphs. 
-If you use graphs, they should have a caption in which
18
you describe the contents of the graph. The axes of
the graphs have to be labelled with units and the
4. Conclusion

 In the conclusion you should discuss the results you


obtained in relation with your hypothesis. Write a
conclusion based on an interpretation of the
gathered results.

5. Evaluation

 Identifies weaknesses in the experiment and


suggests realistic suggestions for improvement
 
19
WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA OF
SAFETY LAB?

20
1. HAZARD AWARENESS
 It is the responsibility of the lab staff to strive for a
safe working environment in their laboratory.
Observed hazards must be identified and
corrected immediately .
 Hazard Identification

Notice Boards , Labeling Chemicals


 Health and Hygiene
Clothing and Footwear , Electrical Safety
 Laboratory Security
Door must be locked if no one is in the lab

21
2. SAFETY EQUIPMENT
All safety related equipment and information
should be clearly labeled, and stored in an
area where it can be easily found in an
emergency

FirstAid Kits
Fire Extinguishers and Fire Alarms

Safety Showers and Eyewash Stations

Sprinkler Systems

22
3. Engineering Controls
 Engineering controls are barriers or equipment used to
isolate or remove a hazard from the workplace.
 The ventilation system controlling the air flow, fume
hoods, glove boxes, local exhaust .

4. Personal Protective Equipment


 The responsibility of each staff member to use the PPE
correctly and to keep it clean
 Gloves, Eye Protection, Lab Coats & Respirators

23
5. STORAGE AND MATERIAL
MANAGEMENT
 To reduce problem such as misplaced or finished
and not re-ordered. unavailability is only noticed
just before you want to use them.
 Storage should be planned in an orderly way so
that each piece of equipment is kept in a specific
place.
 Cupboard, drawers, shelve and store.

24
25

You might also like