MMPT-July-2009

ESTABLISHED SINCE AUGUST, 2005

Vol: 6

,,,,,

No

.....

(1)

JULY

,,,,,

2009

twG J(6)/trSwf(1) Zlvdkifv 2009Zlvdkifv 2009Zlvdkifv 2009Zlvdkifv 2009Zlvdkifv 2009

tefeft,fvf'D tygt0if EdkifiHa&;ygwDawGeJ@ befuDrGef; awG@rnftefeft,fvf'D tygt0if EdkifiHa&;ygwDawGeJ@ befuDrGef; awG@rnftefeft,fvf'D tygt0if EdkifiHa&;ygwDawGeJ@ befuDrGef; awG@rnftefeft,fvf'D tygt0if EdkifiHa&;ygwDawGeJ@ befuDrGef; awG@rnftefeft,fvf'D tygt0if EdkifiHa&;ygwDawGeJ@ befuDrGef; awG@rnf

(Zlvd kifv 2&uf-

VOA)

ukvor*~twGif;a&;rª;csKyfbefuDrGef;

(Ban Ki-moon)

reufjzefjrefrmEd kifiH a&mufwJ htcg trsKd;om;'Drk dua&pDtzG J @csKyf

(NLD)

A[d ktvkyftr_aqmiftzG J @0ifawG tygt0ifEk difiHa&;ygwD10 ckwd k@u wm0ef&SdolawGeJ@ awG @qH kzd k @ &S dygw,f? 'gayr,f h a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ @ awG @vd k @&r,f? r&bl; qd kwmuawmhckcsdefxdra&&mao;ygbl;? Ed kifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGvGwfajrmufa&; tygt0iftcsuf3 csufud kt"duxm;+yD; }udK;yrf;aqmif&Gufr,fhukvor*~twGif;a&;rª;csKyfrpPwmbefuDrGef;[m reufjzef reufyd kif;rSm jrefrmEk difiHud ka&mufawmhrSm jzpfygw,f? oleJ @awG @qH kzd k @twGufta=umif; =um;xm;w,f qdkwmudk trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

(NLD)

ajyma&;qkdcGihf&dSolOD;Om%f0if;u AD Gtd katud kajymygw,f? “rpPwmbefuDrGef;u

NLD

pDtD;pDeJ @awG @ r,fvk d @ ta=umif;=um;pm &ygw,f? usaemfwk d @bufuvnf; awG @rSmyg? awG @wJ htcg bmaw aqG;aEG;r,fqk dwmeJ @ ywfouf&ifusaemfwk d @ rodygbl;? 'g pDtD;pDyJpOf;pm;qk H;jzwfwm? tcsdefeJ @ ae&m rod&ao;ygbl;?” awG @qH kr,f htxJrSm

NLD

tjyifwjcm;Ed kifiHa&;ygwD 9 ckvnf; ygygw,f? tJ'DxJrSmyg0ifwJh ygwDwckuawmh wpn-vdk@ ac:ae@uwJhwkdif;&if;om; pnf;vHk;nDn$wfa&;ygwDyg/

xdkif;edkifiHa&muf jrefrmvkyfom;rsm; tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufcHae&xdkif;edkifiHa&muf jrefrmvkyfom;rsm; tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufcHae&xdkif;edkifiHa&muf jrefrmvkyfom;rsm; tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufcHae&xdkif;edkifiHa&muf jrefrmvkyfom;rsm; tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufcHae&xdkif;edkifiHa&muf jrefrmvkyfom;rsm; tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufcHae&

(Zlvd kifv 2&uf

-

RFA)

xdkif;edkifiHudk a&mufae=uwJh a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;awGrSm tvkyform;tcGif hta&;eJ @ &yd kifcGif hawGcsdK;azmufcHae&wm &S da=umif;? Oya'qd kwm&S dayrJ hOya' twd kif; wdwdususvd kufem aqmif&Guf=uzd k @vd kw,fvd k @ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmed kifiHtrsKd; om;n$ef @aygif; tpd k;&

(NCUGB)

&J htvkyform;0ef}uD; OD;cGefjrif hxGef;u befaumuf+rdK@ rSm Zlvd kif2&uf'Duae@ ajymqd kvd kufygw,f? xd kif;ed kifiHqdyfurf;wckwGifjrefrma&$ @ ajymif;tvkyform;rsm; tvkyfvkyfaeyH kjzpfygonf? “tvkyf&SifawGuvJyJtvkyfo rm;&J hwefzd k;ud kem;vnfzd k @ vd ktyfovd koufqd kif&m a'ocHtm%myd kifawGtay:rSm vnf; trsm;}uD;rlwnfw,f? Oya'awGud kjyXmef;owfrSwfxm;ayrJ htJ'DOya'awGud k taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufr_tm;enf;&if&rSmr[kwfbl;? 'ga=umif hrd k @vd ka'ocH tm%myd kifawGua&m tvkyf&SifawGua&m Oya'ygtwd kif; aqmif&Gufay;zd k @ vd ktyf w,f?”

pmrsufESm (19)odk@æpmrsufESm (19)odk@æpmrsufESm (19)odk@æpmrsufESm (19)odk@æpmrsufESm (19)odk@æpmrsufESm (13)odk@æpmrsufESm (13)odk@æpmrsufESm (13)odk@æpmrsufESm (13)odk@æpmrsufESm (13)odk@æ

,ckvrSm zwfp&m- 'gawGygoAsmæ,ckvrSm zwfp&m- 'gawGygoAsmæ,ckvrSm zwfp&m- 'gawGygoAsmæ,ckvrSm zwfp&m- 'gawGygoAsmæ,ckvrSm zwfp&m- 'gawGygoAsmæ(zwfp&mrSwfp&muAsmrsm;) pm 3-4tarh&J@ arG;ae@rSmætarh&J@ arG;ae@rSmætarh&J@ arG;ae@rSmætarh&J@ arG;ae@rSmætarh&J@ arG;ae@rSmæbmvdkcsifvdk@vJ/ bm&ESdkifrSmvJæbmvdkcsifvdk@vJ/ bm&ESdkifrSmvJæbmvdkcsifvdk@vJ/ bm&ESdkifrSmvJæbmvdkcsifvdk@vJ/ bm&ESdkifrSmvJæbmvdkcsifvdk@vJ/ bm&ESdkifrSmvJærauseyfbl; vGwfvyfcGifhydkay;ygrauseyfbl; vGwfvyfcGifhydkay;ygrauseyfbl; vGwfvyfcGifhydkay;ygrauseyfbl; vGwfvyfcGifhydkay;ygrauseyfbl; vGwfvyfcGifhydkay;ygrSefwJhærSefwJhærSefwJhærSefwJhærSefwJhæa&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;qd kif&m- pm 5-8

jrefrma&$ hajymif;- odapa=umif;jrefrma&$ hajymif;- odapa=umif;jrefrma&$ hajymif;- odapa=umif;jrefrma&$ hajymif;- odapa=umif;jrefrma&$ hajymif;- odapa=umif;

vlxkusef;rma&;- pm 9 urBmh vlwkyfauG; uyfa&m*gESifhurBmh vlwkyfauG; uyfa&m*gESifhurBmh vlwkyfauG; uyfa&m*gESifhurBmh vlwkyfauG; uyfa&m*gESifhurBmh vlwkyfauG; uyfa&m*gESifhywfoufaom odaumif;p&mywfoufaom odaumif;p&mywfoufaom odaumif;p&mywfoufaom odaumif;p&mywfoufaom odaumif;p&maqmif;yg;- pm 12“Adkvfae0if;” ppftpdk;&vufxuf“Adkvfae0if;” ppftpdk;&vufxuf“Adkvfae0if;” ppftpdk;&vufxuf“Adkvfae0if;” ppftpdk;&vufxuf“Adkvfae0if;” ppftpdk;&vufxufedkifiHwumowif;- pm14-19

t m Z m e n f r s K d; - a o & d k ; r & S d t m Z m e n f a o G ; - o r d k i f ; a & ; w , f t m Z m e n f w d k i f; - o r k d i f ; & S d w , f t m Z m e n f v u f - o r k d i f ; q u f w , f æ ? a r m i f v G r f ; % D

abmvH k;[morsm;- pm 20umwGef;- pm 20

Zlvdkifv 2009Zlvdkifv 2009Zlvdkifv 2009Zlvdkifv 2009Zlvdkifv 2009

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmifjrefrmjynfom;pmapmifjrefrmjynfom;pmapmifjrefrmjynfom;pmapmifjrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

(JACBA)(JACBA)(JACBA)(JACBA)(JACBA)

pmrsufESm (2)pmrsufESm (2)pmrsufESm (2)pmrsufESm (2)pmrsufESm (2)

jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwjrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwjrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwjrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwjrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrw

D D D D D

(JACBA)(JACBA)(JACBA)(JACBA)(JACBA)

rSxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?rSxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?rSxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?rSxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?rSxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?

The Thought&Writting Of Editor

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

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“““““Zlvd kifv” onftm&Swd kufjynfolvlxktzd k@ rd k;&moDumvjzpfonf? jrefrmESif hurB mhjynfolvlxktwGufrlTZlvdkifv wGifyifawmfvSefaomae@pG JtcsKd @ESif h&ifqd kifjzwfoef;cJh&bl;avonf/ “Zlvd kifv 4-&uf” ae@onf tar&duefjynfaxmifpk. vGwfvyfa&;ae@jzpfonf? 1776-ckeSpf Zlvdkifv 4-&ufae@wGifxd kpOft*Fvdyfud kvd keDvufatmufrS tar&duefom;wdk @u &J0H hajymifajrmufpGm vGwfvyfa&;ausnmpmwrf;ud k xkwfjyefcJhaomae@ vnf;jzpfonf? xd kpOfumvu urB m}uD;. aer0iftifyg,m ocif[lI wifpm;ac:a0:=uaom t*Fvdyfwd k @tm; t*FvdyfrsKd;EG,fpkrsm; yg0ifaom tar&duefwd k @u rdrdwdk @udk,fudkol&Jaumif;tjzpfcH,lum urB modxkwfjyef ausnmvdkufjcifjzpfonf? tar&duefjynf axmifpk. vGwfvyfa&;}uD;onf ,cktcgESpfaygif; 233-ESpf=umcJh+yDjzpfaomfvnf; vGwfvyfa&; zcif}uD; a*smh0g&SifwefESifhwuGed kifiHwumawmfvSefa&; ol&Jaumif;(0g) oabmw&m;a&;&mrSL; aomrwfpfydef;(c) wGrfydef;tygt0iftzdES dyfcHwd k @bufrSol&Jaumif; ud kowd&p&m/ tav;jyKp&m jzpfygonf? “Zlvd kifv 7-&ufae@onf(qJAif;*sLvd kif)[lI ord kif;armfuGef;a&;xd k;&aom jrefrmed kifiHausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_. aoG;pGef;aom ordkif;pmrsufESmwckjzpfonf? 1962-ckESpf rwfv 2-&ufae@rSpI ppftm%modrf;um tkyfpdk;cJhaom Adkvfae0if;ESifh ppftkyfpkudktmcHqef @usifcJ h=uonf hausmif;om;cGyfa'gif;wd k @. armfuGef;0ifae@wpfae@vnf; jzpfonf? Zlvd kif7-&ufausmif;om; ta&;awmfyH k}uD; ESifhtwl Zlvdkifv 8-&ufae@ eHeufapmapmwGif ppftkyfpkrS azmufcGJzsufqD;ypfcJhaom (wuo-taqmufttHk)twGufrlurB mwnfoa&G @ O'gef;ra=up&myifjzpfonf? xd k @a=umifhvnf; “or*~tkwfrsm; jyKdav&m- 'Drdkua&pDtkwfrsm;jzif h jyefvnfwnf“or*~tkwfrsm; jyKdav&m- 'Drd kua&pDtkwfrsm;jzif hjyefvnfwnf “or*~tkwfrsm; jyKdav&m- 'Drdkua&pDtkwfrsm;jzif h jyefvnfwnf“or*~tkwfrsm; jyKdav&m- 'Drd kua&pDtkwfrsm;jzif hjyefvnfwnf “or*~tkwfrsm; jyKdav&m- 'Drd kua&pDtkwfrsm;jzifhjyefvnfwnf aqmufrnf”aqmufrnf”aqmufrnf”aqmufrnf”aqmufrnf” [lI a=uG;a=umfae=ujcif;jzpfonf?“Zlvd kifv 14-&uf”ae@onfurB mhtiftm;}uD; wpfed kifiHjzpfaom jyifopfjynftwGufta&;}uD;aom jyifopfed kifiHESpfywf vnfae@(0g) awmfvSefa&;ae@yifjzpfonf? 1789-ckESpfZlvd kifv 14-&ufae@wGif(vGwfvyfjcif;/ nDr#jcif;/ cspf=unfjcif;)wnf;[laom nDaemifaoG;pnf;a&; a=uG;a=umfoHrsm;jzifh jyifopfjynf AmpwD;tusOf;axmif}uD;udk rD;&d_@zsufqD;=uum jyifopfawmfvSefa&;udkpwifcJ h=uaomae@vnf;jzpfonf? Ta=uG;a=umfoHoH k;&yfonfyifvS sifawmrwfpfydef;(c) wGrfydef;rSonf&Jacgifaysmuf=um; csDa*G;Am; &m;txdawmfvSefa&;ol&Jaumif; tqufqufu vufqif hurf;o,faqmifcJ h=uaom awmfvSefa&;orm;wd k @twGufa&S @ajy;oHEM dXmef rsm;jzpfayonf?“Zlvd kifv 19-&ufae@onfrdrdwd k @ jrefrmjynf. tmZmenfae@yifjzpfonf? 1947-ckESpfZlvd kifv 19-&ufae@wGiftrsKd;om; acgif;aqmif}uD; Ad kvfcsKyfatmifqef;eSif hwuGtmZmenf9-OD;wd k @tm; rormolvlwpfpku vkyf}uHowfjzwfcJ hjcif;a=umif hjrefrmwjynf vH k; }udrfrD;tH k;rS srlaqG;cJ h=u&aom ae@wpfae@vnf; jzpfonf? Tae@ud ktmZmenfae@tjzpfacwftqufqufvufqif hurf;um txGwftjrwfxm;cJ h=uaomfvnf; 1988-ckESpfrSpwifum e0w(etz)ppftkyfpkwufvmcsdefrSp+yD; tmZmenfae@udkarS;rSdefatmif wpwpaqmif&GufcJ h=uonf? ed kifiHwed kifiHtwGufbk&m;ay;aomvufaqmif(0g) trsKd;om;acgif;aqmif[lonfwpfOD;wpfa,mufyif &S dp+rJjzpfonf htwd kif; Ad kvfcsKyfatmifqef;. *k%f&nfud krnfrS syifarS;rS defatmif/ ao;odrfatmiftrJzsufovd kwpwpjyKrlae=uapumrl ywWjrm;rSefvS sifEG HrepfyJrnpfax;aomxd kta&mifonfwd k;vd k @om ajymifvif;aernfjzpfonf? Ad kvfcsKyfatmifqef;. ord kif;armfuGef;ud k rnfod k @yify,fazsmufae=uaomfvnf; rdrdwd k @ jrefrmjynfolvlxku &ifbwfESif h&if;um cspfjcif;w&m;jzif hxH kr$ef;xm;aom (tzAd kvfcsKyf) onfb,faomtcgr# arhaysmufvdrfhrnfr[kwfacs? od k @jzpfI “tmZmenfrsKd;- ao&d k;r&Sd”“tmZmenfrsKd;- ao&d k;r&Sd” “tmZmenfrsKd;- ao&d k;r&Sd”“tmZmenfrsKd;- ao&d k;r&Sd” “tmZmenfrsKd;- ao&d k;r&S d” [laom aqmifyk'fonfrd k;,Hxdwd kif 0Hh=uGm;edkifcJhygay+yDæ?xifom/ jrifom&Sdaom tajymif;tvJudk toifqmavmifrGwfodyfpGm vdkcsifaeygovm;? tajymif;tvJudkyavmif;yvJorm;rsm;jzifh wnfaqmufI r&edkifyg?

tar&duefvGwfvyfa&;ae@/ Zlvdkif7&uf ta&;awmfyHkae@/tar&duefvGwfvyfa&;ae@/ Zlvd kif7&uf ta&;awmfyHkae@/ tar&duefvGwfvyfa&;ae@/ Zlvdkif7&uf ta&;awmfyHkae@/tar&duefvGwfvyfa&;ae@/ Zlvd kif7&uf ta&;awmfyHkae@/ tar&duefvGwfvyfa&;ae@/ Zlvd kif7&uf ta&;awmfyHkae@/ jyifopfawmfvSefa&;ae@/ tmZmenfae@ESifhjyifopfawmfvSefa&;ae@/ tmZmenfae@ESifhjyifopfawmfvSefa&;ae@/ tmZmenfae@ESifhjyifopfawmfvSefa&;ae@/ tmZmenfae@ESifhjyifopfawmfvSefa&;ae@/ tmZmenfae@ESifhjynfolvlxkjynfolvlxk jynfolvlxkjynfolvlxk jynfolvlxk

Zlvdkifv 2009Zlvdkifv 2009Zlvdkifv 2009Zlvdkifv 2009Zlvdkifv 2009

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmifjrefrmjynfom;pmapmifjrefrmjynfom;pmapmifjrefrmjynfom;pmapmifjrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

(JACBA)(JACBA)(JACBA)(JACBA)(JACBA)

pmrsufESm (3)pmrsufESm (3)pmrsufESm (3)pmrsufESm (3)pmrsufESm (3)

jrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwjrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwjrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwjrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrwjrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;r_aumfrw

D D D D D

(JACBA)(JACBA)(JACBA)(JACBA)(JACBA)

rSxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?rSxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?rSxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?rSxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?rSxkwfa0jzef@csDonf?

***

jynfolrygæ t&m&m æ bmqdkbmrS r+yD;edkifygæ?jynfolrygæ t&m&m æ bmqdkbmrS r+yD;edkifygæ?jynfolrygæ t&m&m æ bmqdkbmrS r+yD;edkifygæ?jynfolrygæ t&m&m æ bmqdkbmrS r+yD;edkifygæ?jynfolrygæ t&m&m æ bmqdkbmrS r+yD;edkifygæ?

***

jynfolonfomæ tc&mæ t&m&mudkajymif;vJedkifonfæ?jynfolonfomæ tc&mæ t&m&mudkajymif;vJedkifonfæ?jynfolonfomæ tc&mæ t&m&mudkajymif;vJedkifonfæ?jynfolonfomæ tc&mæ t&m&mudkajymif;vJedkifonfæ?jynfolonfomæ tc&mæ t&m&mudkajymif;vJedkifonfæ?

***

cGeftm;r#a0æ 'dk@wawGonfæ rvGJraoG/ jynfolawGtwGufæ?cGeftm;r#a0æ 'dk@wawGonfæ rvGJraoG/ jynfolawGtwGufæ?cGeftm;r#a0æ 'dk@wawGonfæ rvGJraoG/ jynfolawGtwGufæ?cGeftm;r#a0æ 'dk@wawGonfæ rvGJraoG/ jynfolawGtwGufæ?cGeftm;r#a0æ 'dk@wawGonfæ rvGJraoG/ jynfolawGtwGufæ?

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmifESifh bavmh*fjrefrmjynfom;pmapmifESifh bavmh*fjrefrmjynfom;pmapmifESifh bavmh*fjrefrmjynfom;pmapmifESifh bavmh*fjrefrmjynfom;pmapmifESifh bavmh*f

oifESif hoif h0ef;usifwGif&S daom jrefrmjynfolvlxk. wa,muf/ wvuf/ wtm; (pGrf;yum;)rsm;ud k&,lum vuf&S dtajc taeud koifwwfpGrf;oa&G@ ud k,fwd kif ajymif;vJ=unf hvd kufyg? Tae&mwGifoifonfjynfolvlxkxJrSwpfa,mufjzpfonf? ewf a'0wmvd kvlpm;rsLd;r[kwf[lI OD;pGmcH,lvd kufyg? od k @rSom jynfolvlxkESif htwl&ifbwfcsif;/ &ifckefoHcsif; pnf;csufnDnDcsDwufed kifrnf jzpfyg a=umif;æ?

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***

tarh&J @ arG;ae@rSm oufawmf&mausmf&Snfygapæ qd kwJ h orm;&dk;us vufoHk;pum;awGusef;rmygap/ pdwfESvHk; at;csrf;ygap 'Dvd k&d k;pif;wJ hqkawmif;awG om; qkrawmif;&ufygbl;æ tar/tarh&J @ arG;ae@ xl;rjcm;wJhqkawmif;om; qkawmif;r,ftar&J @ vGwfvyfcGif hud k tarud k,fwd kif rawmif;cJhygbl; 'gayr,f h om;wd k@u udk,fpm;awmif;rSmu taræ wd kif;jynfud kcspfwJ htar taræ wd kif;jynfu cspfwJ htar taræ &csifwJ h'Drd kua&pD taræ vd kcsifwJ hvGwfvyfa&; taræ jrwfed k;wJ h+idrf;csrf;a&; om;wdk @wawG ravsmhaomZGJvkH @vawGeJ@yJ &&menf;eJ @ wd kuf,lr,f

tarh arG;ae@ESifh om;wdk@t"dXmeftarh arG;ae@ESifh om;wdk@t"dXmeftarh arG;ae@ESifh om;wdk@t"dXmeftarh arG;ae@ESifh om;wdk@t"dXmeftarh arG;ae@ESifh om;wdk@t"dXmef

tarauseyfyg taræ? ?(vlxkacgif;aqmifa':atmifqef;pk=unf. 64-ESpfajrmufarG;ae@ trSwfw&) ay;ydk@ol- OD;OwWr (a&$0ga&mifoHCmwOD;)

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