o: " : :o ;::n:o n: ;:: n::n:c n:::o

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i nv xo q jn:o n>on Yii nYn
Yxnw nix nx : >:n ov nsnw nwvw oxY ox , nviw Y inn xnw , Yw nt nivi viw: ,
qs :v vnw x: nnx ninni .
i nv xo q jn:o n>on nson
nisniw nwvw o!x: iox - nx ' > Yxnw " Y jx nnxv nviw w :nn Yi " YiY nn nx n
osw o nviwn :nn sa nx!5 " on! p ' v " a ) i q! (: v ni:n! " iJnn jvsJ s on Yxn> xnw :sn x:i
n!ini :rx xn:! jJwn vx " n x x>n so onn x " josn jx jnYw owi oviw: jY> ntn jnti n
vx nnYx oni " j>tnw nnw s w onnv " n nx iY on:> w " onv ox oi>> niv ow nt jx n
vx onw nwvY " :i x>Y v :sY qnwY onxY oxY ox jn>wx xY nx i onw ow jsnwnw s
q> Yv ntn xY n: .
i nv i q n>i n>on Yii nYn
vnw xn : n:apa i: jniJni , vx Jnp x:i " xw s xw iJ ! qnvu:i , i: qnnwnn , Jnp x:! , xw! nJ 5n ? nx xn
Yxnw nix : oi>> ivn ov nsnw nwvw oxY ox , nviw Y inn xnw , niv owi Y viw:
Yw oi>> , nnx ninni + : a5 ninw + qs :v vnw x: !
i nv i q n>i n>on nson
nwvw o!x: iox oa5i5 !aivn ov nisniw - s xJn! xn " v n5on! p " r ) a5 q! (. oa5i5 !aivi :xw
virn ps nxi nn Jw :uiJ :xwi n:v Jw :uiJ oa5i5 !aiv! x!aiv j5i nisniwa n!w i:apw ) q! j:in
a:p (. oiww qx oa5i5 !aiv ov qnnwnn Yxnw nixx xYs xiv :n Y> .
xnw nviaw oa5i5 !aiv i: ann - n nviwn nYi Yxnw :i ox jx>n " " xnw :sn nn n
on Yxn> s xJn!5 " on! p ' v " r ) i q! (: vx o!n :xn5 xinw Jsn jnn jaia ns :v ni:n " n!ini :rx! a YnY w
xY so ji nn v " nx n ps! xnnn ] xna [ n:an! ) q! n5 (. iv xY Y nn nx i nix nx
nni xn ox x oi>> iv ov nsnw s j> " nvo wYwn ont: n xYw n an5 :5 ps nx!n
) np q! naw (: x nn Y nn ' jni ont: n xY jY>w vnwn nvo v s " oviw: jY> ntn jnti n
i josn jx owi vx nnYx on " j>tnw s ] onnv [ on:> onw ow ] Y " n x " n [ nt jx ] ow [ niv
vx yx onw nwv owY onv > oi>> " w qnnwnw x " n: :i Yw>n jnn xY v :sY jx> jx nx i w
qnw oxi ox jn>wx xY jY q> Yv ntn xY .
nv n> q nYxn n>on Yii nYn x
nJpn ja xJinJ a nx i!n:n i:xw : on n5xn nna ? ... nx a jnJni nx a niax , nx !n : x:! : nn
iaa :5nox , nx n : x ni nsnw iv xY Y nn . ..
x nv n> q nYxn n>on nson
ni5n ov nisniw !av x:! : nn - sx ' Y> :xw j:vi :os nviw Yv Yn Ysx nviw Y xiY
sx ox :i xwi w " nwvY nx nn xY n .
i nv n q niw n>on Yii nYn
jnn: i nx : niwi nvo wYw nn Y nn . ..
inY n:wnn ws " x s nt niv n>on o
onY ww nx:n nnxn vn v Y>w nvY w nni ni , onYsn ni nY :x , nt niv ni xn wx
so xYi , n:>i ni ivY nn jx vn t n , ni Y j>w Y> . n Yix ' onvi :w v oni :on
:n> Yvi , vn v oY " jix yv ox nwvn onYx ow oniv " . vn j xn nt ox , jY nn Y
nxv nt niv ni , i oinY ox ovn>w , Yx iY j>w Y> , Yx o:>nY j>w Y> .
in " x s nox nY>xn n>Yn o t n>Yn ) n> " xn (
nJna nini nnwa iox iJ iJxaw in5 nixn vaw i:v :apw xini awin a , i:xx j!psn jxi j i:xx j!nni
j , j> >v Y> " >v iv :xw o " oYxvnwn Yx jx> o nJna nini nnwa iox jJ o:xxn Y> n j> , Yix
v iv ox:n " on t i nJna iox oJ ono .
in " o s oi>> niv n>Yn o n>Yn ) n> " xn (
onx ) ox: ( iv v > " ox o xn jwx o on o , : wnn oi :xw yxa onnv nxw:i nn: iox q5s
oipn :5a iox xinw inxv jiwx oi ni: qx jxi nawi naw :5aw ww oii , on!x :5a onnv janiJ j5i .
o: " : :o ;::n:o n: ;:: n::n:c n:::o
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in " n s jsnw jnYw n>Yn o
n5:n
ov qnnwnY ox ] n [ >v " nxi viw nviw in Y inn xnw o , niwv: ioxw inipna iJxa a5i
nvaw nisa nino ] nii5aa x:i [ owni oxpwa x:i ninina x:i ni:aJa x:i nisua x:i , nwvi av oxi
avw Jsn inxv: !osn !osn oxw : nxJi vxnx: 5wn .
n>Yn n s jsnw jnYw n>Yn n:nn nnxn
] n [ xs " x jxw o nn jnY xwY Yix nsnwi n j: jnnvni jsnnwnw nsnw xYx o xnx!5
v wa " i5v :w !: j5:in xJni jn!x na x:x ox x:! r " i5 jnn jnpi: o ' !in:na nan j5i iw os " o
on Yxn> xnw :sn YiY nn nviw in qnnw: oxw nwn nYxn xni si n xY oiw v
ntn ont: i5vn ov nisniw !av x:! : nn nx a niax nxp!n " o jx owi jviw: on ntn jnti v
vx nnYx jni josn " >vY oxY ox nnw :xn xY onnv onw ow j>tnw s " qnwY o o " v n " 5 :
in " x s o>Yn n>Yn o n>Yn
. x:n vw qx j nii xn: nwn nnw nnw , Yx: i xi:n: i> !nvn: ixwJ qnv xs Jai nxJw
i:w5Ji jirn . ntn Yx Yw>n w > . tnn onn: yin ovwn Yxw Yxx nwnnw i oxi:n Y>w
jnxn . onY nnn qYnnY oYswnY onxw tsY ini Yxw ixY ox nt nYx ivY oYvn i nv
n vYin ' . iniawnn iJniawnn x:i i5! iJ5! x: 5 oawn: o!xa n5 jx o:iv xia niawnn :ax . Y>
oYvn nx jnY nwnn qYnY q wY xYx j:x nx nvw Yxvnwn nt Yw x:n vw Yw Yxn oin
n nx ivY Y> ' ni . Jw ' snx rx 5 n owa o:i5 xip: nia nsw onv :x qi ' !nx o5w i!av:i . !x5 . a5
:v oa onvai opin oxa i:x oa! iuwsi niixnn a!ni ninn a!ni nwnn a!n i:i5 o:ivn x:nnJ
a: nti Yoi i> n nnx Yx nxn onx Yx nnn nxni Yx oii o:n: oxw: on n xY ntn j
onno: nYx nwn xi i> jows> j:x oni w nno: oi onx Yx nY nxn: . nvw> qYnn
ovon onnix onxi:w onnix Yn: ww ov jtn jY> on n xw: o nYx nnxi nwnn .
w " xn n " x jno n YY> w
nYxw : Yxw oi>> iv Yv nvin Y w , nviw :nn YiY nn ox . sa jJoa " nii5a! p ) a :(: niax nx
:xinw! : oa55 !aiv ov nisniw niwv: iox , ni:rnn owa vawJi nviaw i: ann xnw , nnx ninni : vnw x:
qs :v . n>nn nviw YiY Yxnw :i ox nn nt qnn . " t n " nx Y , ox xn nsnw nwv ,
nviw Y xi xnw , nviw in Y xi i> ox Yix , nYiY nn , on Yxn> xnw . v , oi>> iv
on oYYx iv xY yxY nxniw , oni onnix xn:n xYx . nn , onw x , nx oi>> ivnw nxw>
viwY nvi , viwnY nYvn nn ?
w " iwn n " no jno Yn x
. oiwn q5a jxi : qs :v vnw x: ; i::n oni5a , oa!n jnixn jwiv jx onw , nvaxn . oina inx j5i ' r " : . oxw
j5 nx nnx jx , nra psnon: nx nn , oni5n nx ni:n nnxi , onnv qnnwni , invs jnr: vis: ovawni
ni:n: .
w " i n " Yn t o jno x
v vawn: iox jJnx! xn! n:v n:xw " r / pn nxJi ni!nna " u : ia / ioxn nr :awa iJinn !os 5i inxa .
vY oxY ox xn niwn " t / n nx: nnni " o : xY / vi viww " xx n>nox j:in xYx :x t x:!
w nx nrnw xp! nuws :ax qs :v vnw v vnw x:w :x " n!n: nnrx xni :xw :w is :v r jxw j>
v owi Y viwn Y nx xYw iYi nn on Yxn xnw jnti j:in xYx ox " ono Y nx xYx :Ys t
nxw ni viw xn Y viwn .
: jno on nx o
vn ov qnnwnYn nt " iw Y inn xnw x ox nn qs Yv vnw xY own iv nx owi viw nv
w ox ti nvY Y> ox Y> jx nn nYiY Y> nviw Y inn: qnnw: " v w>v jxw onn " x :
: jno on nx qo ni
ni " n:ap: :i5 nviaw i: annJi qnnwJ ox inni w . nsonn in> j> ) ow ( n x " w ) o ' x ( si ' nnn
n " v xn s qoi j " owi t " vx n " iww s " nvY nn>on onv ii Yn o " n ] nan p!a [ !ivi
np jno nv! ni iua nra ain5x " r . xn in> " YY> niwni w " >vnw nxw> onw x nn n " nx o
viwnY nYvn nn viwY nvi ] jx5 !v :[
wxi i5i onnv jn:i xw:n nr: i: wsxw n ' a jJn! ' i5i on!x Js: on ' jnon qio !v . n!iav! xnp psa
nv! ni iua xani nr ) o ' nnp ( oa " ! :
o: " : :o ;::n:o n: ;:: n::n:c n:::o
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: jno on nx qv jnYw
oni5n ov qnnwn:n nri , qs :v vnw x: oiwn aivi nviaw i: ann a xnw ) a5 ninw , a .( nxn : jYn w
nnti on>n ov nsnw nwvi " t , vi oviw: ntn jnti on>n jxw own " x , vx " vn j>tn x " t , n " n
onw ow osnwnw xYx yx onw nwvY on:> " x , own nti ww :xn xY : Yw>n jnn xY v :sY
) o x , ( qnwn Yv jntn o:x n ) " so j " v! p " i r ' J oni " n r " oini n ' s w " nii5a! p ( ; nxwY
nsnw xYi onnv nnY , >Y " onxn o xYi w v ) s Jinn ninan " v ni5:nn p " r ) ( a jvi " v ni5:nn ! " o x '
np " i .(
tn jno nv n o
nnwa n5rn: i:sx ioxi npi: nr n ::x owa vawJ ix !iJn qix: x:w oJna >vY oxY ox " viww o
nnwi x jn:w !a: o5ivn iaJ oip :a v5 in5 nina nain5n ::x ow 5rn: nini ] yxi:nn: nini
i:xn o::xa :[
tn jno nv n qo ni
a nnwa i! ix vaww ia: oia: ioxi . on :i ) : " n t " v o: n " x ( > owi in " jnti nx nn w >
vx nnYx oni oosn jx jYx jv ox:n onYw owi oviw: > ntn " on:> onw ow j>tnw s
wY " ] x:n [ vx yx onw nwvY onv ox nt niv ow j>tn jx on Y>n " onw ow osnnwn x
xY oxY oxw :xn xY nx i v :sY own ox qnwY on ) o x ( Yv n: :i ntn xY x>Y
>v qnwn " Y . on nnxi in> ) o ' Yn x> ' v " o nx t ( iwn owi " t x " niwni Y ) n " o ' no , n " o t '
iw ( qs Yv vnw xY own nti jx oviwnY YxwY nn nvix onxi oviw:w YYn ox ] jx5 !v :[
tn jno nv n niwn nns
) a ( xa " o n ' Jp " i - oa5i5 n!iava jvawJ oJxw oiwn oa5i5 !aivn ov nisniwa j:pn wi nnana an5 ow!
i5 ' w osnwn x:x " s: oiwn nra ww iJxn x:i nx a!i w " qinwn :v onrin oJx n! v v ' v: niwni
Yn x::n nni " o qo ' n " oxn oi>> ivn jxw w:x nnsi xYxn nn n>nY qxnw n
nn jwYn nt onY xx nvo xn qnwn Yv " :n x " nn n:> nnxi Y " nx :xw nviwi qnwnw nn x
w ov nviwi >tnw nnx Yx " v Yix viwn nwi in> YxwY ox :xn nti w jx oi>> i
v ontn " v oi>> ivY Yxw ji YY> Yn jx qnwi oi>> niv ivw> Yix t " > w " niwni >
> jno nx Yvn " v > " > w " nsi nxxn j> osx vw niwni > " o jno YvY x " swi n " o qo " n " n
v " vY w " n xn j> nnxnw qx " nvi j> nY wsx x n nn " t x " Y !a ia!n! " Jp jno jnp: n " xainn x
wa " po ow q " v qsn: xian r " nio ni5:n w on5n nJwn soa jvi w " x ix: qio n ' inn jixan! xanw "
xr j:va nvw " a jx! i! oxiva qxni nr a!a i:x an5 x:ovan : " r xin oai qinwn :v ::5 nrin J " awn :
xa i: ow 5rJ x: onJa nnw :is:sn qiai ni5 :
is jno oswn jwn o
> iv ov qnnwnY ox " > owi Y viw nviw Y inn xnw o " Y inn: nv qnnw: iv ox o
iw nviw " nYiY Y jxw in> o " x o>on ntY :nn os xYw > nYiY Y nnw in> n " xn x " w
t " Y : ann an5 " owni oxpw nisui ni:aJa nino niwv: iox o : 5wn nino jna nwvi qniwn av oxi
nav avw Jsn inxv: !osn !osn oxi vxnx: : jni:w ni5:n :
is jno oswn jwn qo ni
. n " nt niv xn s qoi Yxnw nix xnn xn in> q ) t (. n in> " j ) ow ( n nv " nv w
x ni xnsnw iv xY nx >n nY ww in> nx i nixn nx on :i xinw nn Yv on :i
jxw jnti Ysx nx >n in> v wvnn nY Yxx Yx xn xYw > nviwn os nn Ysx
snw iv xY onYxi viwnY oxn nYx jviw: jxw sY ii nn xn: ntn ovon jn nni xn
inn nt nivi " xY xn nx wnn xox xY xn ov nsnw nwvY YxwY ox j:nx xn in> j
Yxw Yv xYx nwvY Y wsx xw nni xYx x>Y v :sY own j:in Ysx onn j oi5 uwin5
xp!5 rJ: xnJ av na ) v " i r (: nt niv owi oY xYw Y xYw ont: n: :i jxw wsx v
xY j:in Ysx x:x xn > Yix x:nn ntn nsx YxwY xYx YY> >nY nx xY qs Yv vnw xY x
Yxn viw:w xn xnw xYx nt nivi viwn Yxw jxw j> onn YxwY nviw Y inn:w Yv
Y nn onn j:nx xnYvi non nnn xYx onn xY own . nt niv xn s qoi >nn ) o '
onn ( ixw in> " nnv Yix nnYxY nw jwY vnwn nt niv oww onni x nYin sn ws n
>tni xs jx ox :i jwY> onYw ownw j> n>n x on i5rn x: onx o:x owi ) ow ninw .(
i s wi wx nnxni ' nv in> nt niv " on :i ox nn nYnn>Y on Y>n in> on :i w
nn> xn>Yn wsx Yxnw nix xn nY nY xi nn xn ov qnnwnY ox " x>n xin q
o: " : :o ;::n:o n: ;:: n::n:c n:::o
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x xnn jnvnwi >v Yxnw nix> n>Yn io n:n vnw Yxnw ni " Y xnp ps qioa! oa!n wisi
nr n!iav! ) a5 (. ov nisniw !avn: ox! xnx oxi xa! nnp: xnxi jsniw inw iai :xw! x!aiv nn
ona! wis : nxJ j5 n!na xnisniw !avn: q: ox nn: n: nin ian . jx i> onn nx own
x:x xn > Y> xos nY on nn xnsnw xYsY YxwY nx nn x ivnY xiY nY nn xn snnw:
nvY Ysx on :i nvY nviw n:n YiY Ysx w " :nn snY inn :x qnnw: i>w j> w
nviw :nn Yi xYw : on :iY xxn: inn " n j " ix j " xn n " jn nviw YiY nn wx nnxn w
xn . innY ox wx nnxnY nYnn>Y nv qnnwnY j:vY " xn j " ix w " wnnY x>Y j> w nx: n
innY onx oYx ow n>tnY ntn jnti " non nnn xYx xox x>Y wnnY x>x > Ysx j :
v jnYw xn jno nv n q
x qvo
os5a oxxnJn oa5i5 n!iav :w on:xn :5 , oiox > , a < iwvJ oa5i5 n!iav ow: xnno! . o55a oxxnJni ,
onin , iwvJ iJ: x!i! ) annn jiw: ( a [ xx " nJ!nn a nns :v j!niv 5 ) an jiw: " s o " :nn r ' oa5i5 n!iav ( a a [ !a nni
x ! nixn nvaui nuv ix qo ix i!5 isx ix :pn ni . nxn : [ onY onnwnw nx , Yoi xYi oox oYxn j> o: n . n [
jnx Yix ) x ( j>tY xxi jYnw , oYx n xY , nn ) . ax owa on:xn :5 ps w 5!n " n .(
nn jno nv n qv jnYw
a qvo
w onx w jnt nxi xYx onx Yx oi Y> jx , nn q>sY oi>> niv iv o:x ntn jnti Yix i
oi xw Y> onYnY oxn oi onnv nnY nxwY . nxn : o:n>Y nvnn o:n: Ysx , niv : x nin onn jwv jx
oi>> , i onw oY>x o:n>n xYx ; o [ nx v oxn oi onn :nxv ws: ox nix own nti , nnY nxwY o>x on:i ow :x
n:wn Y> onnv . to [ oxn oi onnw oxxn vY o:>: ox j>Y , onY q:nn> n nix own onnv nnw ) oi Y>n .( t [ n " n ws: Yvi n
ii nix Y nn xYw nwvY Y> ox onnv nnwYn ) . a " n owa " j (
w " x::n nnn nni v: n - nn jno nv n
:n xsx nt xn:i xn: Yini Yin w nx :x n:n " qx qnwn Yv oxn o>:n jx ntn o>nnY Y
nnwn nxx nwn oso nn>i ox qnwn Yv oxn o>:n jxw on>n nn> si Yxn nt iw w
nxt nnni . o:wxn Yxn nx owi xY nYw Yii jnYn :wi xY nt i nxxn xY nvx :x
n nnx nt nn Yx " innY Y " Yni xinY o ' v Yv nxn >:n jxw n>Yn osY o>Yn " nt nnY qnwi t
v ivi Yn jx n>n xn ox nt j onwn " :Y Yxw ji t jn:o n>oni xn nwsn xni xn >
: " v " vi x:nn i " iw Y> t " i jnYv jnnn Yxw Yw " inn os j> jnYv ntn : " o sa " :nn u ' o5:n
a n5:n ' an oa i:v anJ :xww :5! :5 x::5! n " i:v nrin J . : " i jxw nY nt i owsn:w nn Y " :
n qnwn Yv ntn v n " onni xw nvo s ' i q n>i n>oni ' v " i " > Y inn xnw n ' jxn: in>
> onwi jviw: on Yxn o>: ov qnnwnY ' vx " xY v :sY jx> jx nx i onw ow qnwnw x
i Yw>n jnn " >v qnw oxi ox jn>wx xY jY q> Yv ntn xY : " Y . sv " os t nn " x xa " Jp jno n " i
nana " va jvawJ o5Jn jxw oiwn o5J ov nisniwa j:pn wi n " i5 r ' x:i nx a!i onw ow osnwn x:x
5v qinwn :v jnrin oJx n! iv Js: oiwn nra ww iJxn " : . n:> io on>n nn>Y nvon nt jwY
nn " i jxw xn x " v ivY nxn : " t qnwi , onn n:> xn j> xY nnxi Yix ' n " qnwnw nn xn x
v iv nt jx nviwi nx i onw ow " onYx owi x :x nx i onw ow qnwnw wnn t
w ov nviwi >tnw nnx Yx nx :x " i> qi w , viwn nwi in> YxwY ox :xn nti
ntx xn i nwi xYx viw xYw YxwY n " w qnw xY n " nx i w n5 " ann w " sa o " :nn x ' :n niviaw '
a ' onrni jJx o5Jni / onrin / qinwn nr :v . v ivwi Yix " >:Y Yxw ji Yn :x qnwi t , /+ ninan
aiu 5w / J " v a ' ixa ow :pwn nxnna " o n ' Jp " nn ninanai i " ow o a in: xao! " 5n 5 + qn xn! Jawn :xi
aw n: q: nx a!i onw ow qnwn! " o j!nJoa " v a " n: n:a an5!n xpn x ' an5 nr xp ni i!a:
n: n:a on on:x: nair nnara ' i!a: . w qnw qni nx :x n:n " ivi nnYx ni xnw nx i w
v " Y>i o>:n ox nnxi t w qnw nti Y " nt nviwi >tnw i> q nivi :xw nx i w
v ivi Yix o>:i xY Yxwi xn " iw Y> :i on YY>n qnwi t " o>: jnYv jnnn Yxw Yw
n> jnYv jntn " YvY w . nx " 5 jno np!x :vn soa nx r " aw a " xn xan x: qx j5 an5 5 nan5 wx n
v " w : ...
o jn>n iw ' Y " n
... :vsY nx: wsY wn nn o : wxn :i Y x ntn Yv q> , on:> Y viw owi tv , n> w jn
i xn , x! o onJii5 Ja! nJ : x inrin :v qinwn , nn on: 5: n ai j5 : x!n , x:x xn! J! p u i v : q5 , xp v : v p
ioxn xinw i!: owa rv . nJni n!n xan owa iJan oni an5w nwa jxw Ja jnrin :v wn n qi ,
Jii5i n i wn wa o n xin a :v n n i o , ox :nx o jx >n nv >n v n x: :i on , qx n n xn :> nn
x v nw > iY xo:x nY :n Y s v : wn n n :o :i n: xY ntn v Y q> , x x ox viwY owi v t . nJni
a ! n an5 n> ni o : s n>i ) :i v i n xnw ( v w ww ntx oo , :ri w o qxi :v aa wnw nn s o
o: " : :o ;::n:o n: ;:: n::n:c n:::o
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ow nw o i ! a nx jx jx5 Js: iv x: jnn :iw5n ! Ja x: inrin :v q5 . sY v : nx: ows ntnw xx :iY
on nY n wsY i n n :o o Y :i n: jx ontn Yv wn n q ... j>Y j> w v Y Y> o:s in jn
nx: xnY xio nY :i n: jntn v Y wn n q , sY nx:n jinn >::x Yo >n , n nx: wsw
i n n :o j> Y:> wn> Y v Y , Y>n q:n x n :in>w sY: v : nwYn iw nxn t x v . Y Y nnw
nY j> ii nn nx: oow xn ::i , nn in> xY :xn :i n: jntn v t ... nx in> Y> nt
xn Y nvw nti vi Y w v osx ni w ni nxi na iw na JJn o !5 o>on> :i> jxn :v qnwn ,
JJni jniJ nx!in :v n : p : x : qan w 5 i nJi : v! n !an :i nra . qx nn w nx sY w i n n :so n x w n! w
Ja! : x inrin v : q5 , onJii5 nnnn osnnwn5 ww ov ow!pn , sY v : nwYn xY j> v n ...
w o osx v ' > "
... n n: nx oi ovo :si nt nxw : jxw ji n: ntn Yv n nw q jx> Y v " x :ivw n:nx wYwn ! :n x
!5 nJvn ana o :na o5:n ai o anoa Y x :xn owi os w i : n: o:x :ntn v Y qnwn na!xi 5rin
ow ana o :5 xv !aw :w :xw jnnn :v n Ja nrin v : n vi " p nn : Ja :n :xw . vY: n s w Y
n :on wxn xw oos :n " Y ian5w i r " : nn oi nn a jnr nrn o:i5 vawJ pa ! ow on:w jxi josin na o
: x nip: vxi " s j5rnw ww onJii5i ... : ovawJw w!pa i : x owa xv a o onv! : onw i 5 i ' svx onJii5w
: x! i5 svxi snwnw ww !i " x " Y osnwnw ww " x n : oviw:w i ow Y x :xn ox oxY
nxY : qnwY :n i :w own :sY v Y x> :ii Y x ntn v Y q> xYw snw ww " x :n :wi
onYw n> YinY qYx nYin ji nxno Y o nn :x:w :nx i nwni qx vnw > o :snwn i on
n::vn ntx own onYw xY ntn Yv q> x Y o x :nx i nwn xnw : i x x n xw : i x o >xwn Yxwi
inr qwnn oinn j5i wxn xwi pois j5:i : x iJxn ian5w nr p a a ioxw : v niw nisniw ov vn i5 " i!i o " p ...
w " xo jno jx j:i n
: n Yxw wx " nni wx n: > " nniY ni onY n:Y " niY nYnni n:i:w ni xwnY Y> xY
x n n " v oivw nnxn :n> nx x: > " xin xY Yix o:w ntx onYw YYxY ow YYsnn qnwi t
v n:nn ow ow " nYsnY nnY wnn niY t ni nwvY nn ox n>n nnv t ...
n j>Y ' vY xY nn xn xY ox oxY nx nx: " i nin wnnw: wnn t " nwn Yv oxn xY : xY ox q
v >ni o:>n " v o:>n xYw q>i nn ssY w nti j>x wnn t " >n t " nxn onY YYxY i YYsnn n n
vY " sx nYxY Yinn nnx Yx t ' x :si xYw " vv n > " jn:oi j:sY> t ) o q " x ( n:x i: inxin
q!:x / qn:x / iw nn ox " n xY qnwn Yv oxn o:x : ox: Yxw nw :n ' vv n Yxw ixY n>x " t
nx:> wnn ) ow / o jn:o " x (/ > qxn nvY Yix nnnY w x nYnn>Y j>Y / x> / xn " Yv qnoY n
v ni nnY nYnn>Y nin n:i: xYw nt j:i " vv ow x: xY n ni nnY t " Yv t " soinn: oa! : '
xn xpJ x: Jv:J5 oi " apv jupn ! .
w " xx jno Yn tvYx yx n
onnxnY j> xon x t:n x no:>Y o:>Y nn ox . n:xw .
oa " ! . n: " u:w aaJ!:ii rv:x a " x . n5ani oi:wn . ni:xiupx ni:xwa owJx son :x iJs nJinx:
oa ni!unn , i:x ni:xw niJsn: nu:nn j5: naiwn n:ap: nipna an !ia5 :x . jn ni:xwn : nn oxn
no:>Y Yoi o:>nY , n:nx i qxY , :n , no:>iw n:nxnn nnwnn owY ? ji Yin w oxn
onYx jx i t:n jiY no:> ? ) i ( xon ixY jn nn ) . x ( qx xon x no:> xnY o:>nY nn oxn
nY > q:n Yv own qw .
oYw nn jn nnYw in " v ni Yw j w nnx n Yw ni Y>Yw in Yw nwi Y on x " xonY ox t ,
j>: nt oxn , q>Y nn nn ? !iui piov an !ia5 nn5 !v aun v!i Jx , nJiv n:nnn aipai :xin qx
o:iun , oa n:xw jn i:x ni:xwi , ia5w Jniua o!pna jn:v naiwn jnnaw niawnn nx ja an ! . :nxx
on ni5x an !ia5: , oan n:vin: aiwnn ison osoiJ op:n ix: xxin: n5rwi . nipnai ninn n5aa
y5 :xinw o!pna niJvn: .
naiwn . a " n , u oi " wn !x r " n , nv o:wi " aain p " x . n pn Jinn !ia5: " :xinw u:w y5 " x . n5ai oi:w .
wvi oia n:ap nwvn: nivaiJn ini:xw son ov ian5n np " p , jn:v i: awn: JJn iwpian: nJvJi , jnp:!5i .
) x ( ona jJn ' v " ! r ' " v x " a : i5i nin n: nxin oa5i5 n!iav na ww v ' n!nin q!nw jnra ow: q:: inn
i5i iox oipn inix: ' .
5i v ani " ann r " nsa o " ri n " nn:ir: own q:: q! nnix oww ow: q:: inn inx : , vY o:>Y oxw sY
> ni Y j>w Y> oi>> niv ni ww ' xnw nYsn ni ni onY nnw nnx Yw v Y>w qY v q>sY
Y> n:>i ni ivY ox vn nnx so xYi oi>> niv ni ni Y j>w , on nnn :n:x Yix
> oo:x oxxi o:>w :n:vi ,' ovn> :Y ox xnw nxv oi>> niv ni nn Y j> n: vn ox
i o:>Y j>w Y> nxY 5v " : .
o: " : :o ;::n:o n: ;:: n::n:c n:::o
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inn Yw nYxn own in oi oi :nY " t o " Y oxw xnn>i xnvi> ows inw Y o:>
oi>> niv niY , nxY ovn> Ysx oxw xYx v xY , ] n:o nn v :>t , ivY o>x nw>
x nY nnnn qi ivY nnY owY Y>nonY xY :i oxxn oxinn n onYw nnin no:> Yv " s
= x ' onvs = x :xwn yw ,' xn q>Y nn nx:n s> inn in " nYx o , nr: nni!a posJ nxn jJvi
ia " o ! ' np " u qvo a ' v nwx nnn iav:a " jx5 oa j5 niwv: i5uxw !v ow: wnn nni! x: nrw oan w
xJ!! xpvn , ni!on n!n oiwn jx5a nxn: ipn own w :ax .[
iwn j! :vi " ia v " o ! ' np " x qvo u ' na owivw v! i5i oan oia ! ' i5i n5ina oJ5: iox! ' wn oa pnvn " q
poa " ann a! niuwsa x " nnsa o " rJn w ,' v na! " 5i inix: uvn5 iJ: iox nnxv r " v ia oJ5: w " w .
n> " vi xnxn i o Yv > " q t " v t " i os: x " oi ' " x qvo : ' oYYx qn nnnY nxn '
nnx v " w , x n:n " >n > " ni o:>Y ox w .
) a ( niJ: aw:i xn: oJ5: nin ox vaiJai , nn n:n " i x " oi ow ' n " vo o ' i ' nti nti os " Y : Yw xn
oi>> niv " o:>Y nn jnsnY ow oxinn oi>> ivn jxw jnti oi>> niv Yw v> : x
ow " :v Y>i x >Y nx onY i iv qw> Yix nx onY i iv q jx ox ox j " xn:nn j> nn v
nx onY xn nx q qYY ows , n " x nnx q Y w ox i qYYn nnnY xn non nn n
nn> 5v " : .
nnw x>n v " in> x " x " > n>Yn x " xni x , x " jx>n :nY > xnY o:>Y j:v Y>i x:n oxw
sx oi>> niv Yw ' jnsnY ow oxinn oi>> ivn jxw jnti ] ani " poa ow x " oa q5: ipnn jxn r
ann a!n " nnsa o " Jn w " : [ , x: xvn nn qYY qxw nx onY ivn q> xnni wnnwnY
nxt>i wnnwnY , on nn own Yix ox Y w ox nxt> non owY Ysx xnY o:>Y xYw nnnY w n
ivnn onY qYnn> Y wnwY Y>w nn> x nnx q , oa jivi ' o o!on ' :n " nra ain5w n " : : !nx !in
v na xna q:n " 5v qia nx n5:wn nixi nnxw :ip na vnw xxw5 r " v : " w . x " :>Y oxw i > xnY o
q:n Yv qwnY > .
) a ( i os:n jn nt Yv YnnY nvn Yv nYv xYw > " o ' n " qvo n " i , " Yx oi Y> jxw x
nti Yix jnt nxi xYx onx " > oYYx ioi oxi o:x t ' v> " w , nti onxn oi ooxY qox
w soi " xn jxxnY i on n " xxYs n ' t " o Y ' > " , a ow :xwJ xin " v na: noJ5n ni!ix :v 5 " on:w r ,
nra ww ioxn nin xa: ann inaiwn a!ai , onn !nx ov a!: i:sx oJ5: iox xn: i:sxw j5i , i:sxi
oa pov :v , o!x oi iJx i:sxi , t in> qon oi Yw osoi " Y : Y qiY qn Yx nti n " v x>Y t " t
Yn nn>Y oosn in>> , vvY o:Y jx oxn ixY nt " t , sY j>n on onYso ni j>x ' jon
vY >t oniv owv " v :x n:n o:n Yw t " oo nxno qo n xxYs xnn o: wnn t " oYs xY x ,
Jixnn! w!p vr :xw xin oJ5Jnw5 usai oia!n oipn: oJ5Jw n5 ia opa! o , :5wi iai uiws nri ,
ns5 in: inn! o!in oJv: ona ioJ5Jw owia:n nn:i nip:ni n:au o5xi , n jivi " ni isoa oa nra w
i on " o ! ' p " x nix J ' v " w , ] iwa oa jivi " ixn apv q n " o n ' a ' iv " w [ , xi " i ows > vx:i YnY jxw
::nt jiY o:nn onn jiY no:>n oxY , nti ox " vn niY o:>Y ox t " xnY xY ox onYw t . !ivi
iwa jiv " n n!wn s n " o a ' ! ' a n:vnw " v on:x x5:! oipna i:sx xin! on:sn naa oJ5: iox! xn! 5 " w .
x " nti Yin jxw in i > onYx jx iw t:n jiY no:> ji , ox x:x Y>i .
:nY qo: " w soi ox jv Y " n tvYx nn:n n " o x ' : " x nx x ' n " innn n>nY w " ox ox:n nivw o
nti " v xn t " wnn t , n oai " a! xJ!a w " J = ja! nJ = :v oa niixn qinwn v " w , ani5 qinwn :v oa niixnw nrni
a iwa o " v ow n!wn s n " w .
) ! ( ia5 ani5w nni ' u:w nn jn anw " v na :w j! w nnx n! :w na :5:w nwn i: nx x " r , !aon: oai ,
q5: ipn nni ji5J nr ox nix :xiwi .
in j>: j> o:nx n:n , n wn in Yn " o q jn:oi j " v x " i " Y> n , in>w t " Y : :nY
vx oYxvnwn Yw vxwnn ox on> Yw ownw jx>n " nnYx jnwvY onnx jvo jxw s , Yxn
v j nnYx Yw nxnnwn on:sY onnwn " v Yw ox i Y>Y jnY w x " x , onnwn on iY ni xYw
v jniv xn nnYx Yw niv j:v> xYx onnY n jxw on:sY > " Y .
n in wsn :nY n " v j onYw wn xi:Y onnnwn oYxvnwn nivY ox j " onwY w x
i Y>Y , x " sY i > " x Y w oniv ovxin on iw onYw xonn ni oxw t " v ni Yw j > " i Y>Y x
owY o:>Y ox , J: jnJi ovinn jn iJ:!anw iJp:x qiai nnx nin i . aaJ!:ii x!in rv:x npinai n5aa .
o: " : :o ;::n:o n: ;:: n::n:c n:::o
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w " i Yn nx vi n - x jno nv n
a " n . wn np " s: u " p . Y xi nwvn , nn nx Yv Yo: > nni . onYw no:>Y nx YinY oxn:n , tx
ow Yv oYYsnn on>n . x xxY qYnn ovon wxn inn nwin: n , oon nx v ow o:>nY , ww
oYw > :sn nti . o:i nn> oxn: n j>w nx . nt i nnY w ox nwvY nn n> j:inx nnv ...
v ' oi ' wx jtn ) jnoi n:nx Yv , on nv ( sw ' onn nx ' wn> " o:si > . wni " > ) nxi ( nti qxw " w t
i j onYw no:>Y v n " t ) vx " ox oi onnv nnY nxwY nnw s , vv o:xw ovon " nti t " t (. nxxn j>
wi oYn " nn n " Yx:v w ) o ' xs ( , ono:> nii n:Yn nvnY x:Y oxw , v nin n:n: n " t . Y " j:vY
n " onx oi n . v " w . :> niY o:>nY xYw n:nx Yvi Y>Y ntnY qx jx>n onn nx onY jnY ono
nni!5i oviap o:5 :w uini i5i !ioi jJaa +. 5i " nn 5 " ow j:ai: o . . . .
) ! ( vnY :x j>x jv , nti no: jn qxn " v oiv oxn jxw t " t . > :xxn i> " wi jnY i " v / " /
) o " nn o ( ri " : : " inx i::n oa!n :5 jxw x jnr inixa x:x o , v !aiv oJx nrn jnra :ax " r , nin q5s:
oan oia onnv nn:i nxw: , onii:n:i , oa! xw :5i . 5v " : . nni " qoin x , wisJ ox nax oiwn nra nx! !ivi
i5i o!x oia onn iJnxv ' . v " w . :i nnY j:v nt jx j>x " . > n:n > ' nn " x ) " xn o ( , nw nx iv
onY jnnwnw , oYx> o: , Yoi xYi nx:ni oox . w onx Yix " v = iv nw = j>tY xxi oYnw , xY
nn oYx n . v " > . v xn ono:> nii wx iv nwn nxw j>n " nx:ni nox nnx t , niw x
v ni onYsn " t . vY n Ytx j:vY x " wn xY t nti w " t . xwn " nra 5 . nvi " wn w " q ) po " i ( nnn:
nra . vi " iwa v " wa!a nnsx n ) " un o .( oJinx xwai . n5xi " : . n> " nnY :xn x " x ) o " : o ( >w ,' x ow
v nx onY ww o:n> " onxii t , > on:sY vi>n onY ox ' . v " w . nti iv nwi qx xnYx " t , jx
n:sY nwvY i>> nx:n i o , v> iwn " t . n " nYx oo:>:n ii i> iwn onYsn niY o:>:n : .
) n jv5i " w ' Jn nJi " : (. . . .
) n ( ono:>Y n>YY oxw nYvn nn nxt , sx ' oYw > :sn nti nn ox , >n " i xYx nti jxw w
on:vi jn xw:Y nv . :w nn> nn> nnx Yv vY no oY nvw nnxi oxn " t , o:v: o:x ovx
onYsni . . . " owY qYw Yxwi iY ) n:in wn nYns ov ( j:i xnYxi nnw nwiYni , xn
n nti ww x " n YYn ' . vn xn:nn YoiY nnxvn tv Y>i txnnY qx , o:nx nnx xnw . oni
n YYn ww ' iY i> oYn jx . ain5w xpn aipa opnw jix ni ) u a nJsx ( , nsw onv :x qisnx rx 5
n owa o:5 xip: nia ' !nx o5w i!av:i . jnx .
w " nn jno Yn nv nn n
n:xw : oxiJ :w noJ5a pa: !in: nin oxn ?
naiwn : nr n!iav n5ona ) v r q! " x ( xian , nr n!iav :w nan nns: apnn: i:sx iox ww , :x nxJw
nna nns :x apn . ow nisoinn ian5 j5i . anni " nJwnn wisa o , nr n!iav ) x ps ,' q! " v x " a ( an5 , :5w
nr n!iav !aiv o:ivn ninix jn nnix: n5wn v , n:sn na n5ina on: wi , nr n!iav na xinw , vn j!n p
v nnixa i!: iox: qx nn , nr n!iav !aiv :w onixxa ji5w: iJn5 :va ooiJx iJx iJniJiva :ax , opnJi
iJni:aa iJa , jaxi yv o!x ! nwvn on:x ow on!avi , n5ina i!: ioxw j5 nJ! n:i5 vn oxi , na: nini :p
inxv nr n!iav , sx uvn5 iJ: ioxw inix: i: , i5in: oJ5n: x!ia ioxw j5w :5ni . v " 5 . awn nv! j5i " x , xain
nv! ni iua ) np jno " u .( aun wi!na an5 j5i " x ) nr n!iav " v x " a ) .( xn naiwna !iv nxi " ::5 w " u
jno " r , qiv jn:wi iuai / i " ! / Jp jno qio " r .( ini xin n:n " o ) s qo " x nox nY>xn n>Ynn ( ,
on nt niv iv ox:nw , wnn nt niv ni> ono:> j xYnn , iY oxw xn i j>Y
ox:n no:>i + j!nJoa nJni ) o " v a " a ( :xinw! niax nx , i: ann xnw ia ov nisniw nwvw o!x: iox
i:w nr n!iava vawi nviaw , nx ninni qs :v vnw x: n . nisoinn ian5i , aw nix " o , nviaw j5w :5w
iJnn :ap: jxw nnxv . nix on iJai , nviaw iJnn :ap: ninw , iJinn !os x:w , ovawJ o:i5 nrn jnra 5
nin:x ona oosin jxi on:w ow!pa , nx a!: onJii5i onw ow o5rnw s :v qxi , nr jx oipn :5n ow
nr n!iav , yxi onw nwiv: onv! oai , oia: oia: ioxw iJxxn x: nx a!i onw ow osnwnw s :v qxi
qnw: , x5: iv Js: iox oai , Jaw nJ :v inrin x: qinwn . v " 5 . xn an5 j5i " ow w ) . na !iv nxi " ps qio j
nr n!iav! xnp .( nn in> j> " on nx nxni x ) : jno " ( , qnwn Yv ntn xY n: :iw . ox nx>Y
jows> oin , nt niv ni j onYw no:>i jx , nx i onw ow osnwn on nw . wi oYx " n
x::n nni v: ) n jno nv n Yn " n ( in> , Yv oxn n: :i jxw w:x nnsi xYxn xn
qnwn , vo oi xn n , nn in>w nnn nt i onY xx " x / " ) / : jnoi " .( j> n:>n jxw nnxi , xYx
nnx Yx nx :x onw ow qnw ov nt nivi viw: xnw>w nY , q> Yv ntn :x i5i ' . v " w . nt sY
nnwn ni nnYx q ow oosnw no:>i ox:n oxn:w nn sY n , niv iv j onY ww xi
nt , inn i> " on nt niv iv ox:nw in>w oosn o . wi in> nni v:n i jv> " n
osx vw ) > jno " ( nn jxxn owi " nn nYn Yvi o , wi " nx Yvn n ) 5 jno " a .( v " w . :i5wx :nJai
a p:n :i5wxn so :v ' ) !inv p " u nix u " r ( , qinwn :v oiixn nJ Ja oaw oJinxn a!: nx ww an5 , nnn
j!nJoa inxw ) v " v ! " x ( n wi!p :v niixn iJx nJ jaw n5in: ,' nrn a!: jin na ninnwni nxw jnvJn
o: " : :o ;::n:o n: ;:: n::n:c n:::o
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n n:o ' q!av: , oi:w: q: i: nxi . a jnxn nn x: ninnwn nnw5 oa n xnx oxi nr n!iav , ni nn x:i
nx a!i onw ow qinwn , i5i qinwn :v niixn nJ ja oaw x!i x:x ' . v " w . iv jxxn " nvx n soi y ) w
> jno " ( oows> oin jin , qnwn Yv nxn n: ji jxw , xYx n:x ntn jnti onYw nt niv Y>w
nx i onw ow qnw , xw in5i ninJna in ) p " v " x ( nw: wain upin oipn :5ai , xn:x! xn:x n: ip! .
nv n niwn nnsn ) n jno " o t " i ( :n nni v:n i Yv vn " Y , nnxn j>w s Yv qxw , in> j>
nv n oxn sn ox ) o jno " o nv nsw n " n " n ( , nn nvi j> nY wsx x on Y>n " x , a!n 5
nn " jnp: nwn 5!a x ) Jp jno " x ( qsn: xian , on5n nJwn soai ) ninn !io ni5:n wa ( jixanw xan
nr j!a i:x an5 j:a nvw a , qinwn :v ::5 nrin nJ ia jx nnxaw n5in: i:is:s oxiva qxni . vi " w .
n5v " ! . x p:n xJJn awni :xiwni ' ) J jno " x ( aun owa xan " x ) n j:in ' v " xirJxn nnxn ois!a unwini a ( ,
na jnxn nn axnxw ' ininai , qinwa !iav: :van xaJ nx qwnJ nxr :5ai . ow !iv an5i , nia! nw j5:w
oiJvnw niaan sn q: nn x:i 5Jx niJiwx , n nJinxaw inan !in :v iJnix nrn: !5 ,' 5 x:wi x:w nJ Ja
qinwn :v inrin . v " w . ! :v yaipa an5 j5i ) n:n ni5:n qio .( nJwn !o soa jvi ) x ps ninn !io ni5:n '
r ni5:n ' ( , qinwn :v niixn iJx nJ jaw nisoinn a! niuws5 n:vnw . wi " x Yn jx j:i n ' ) o jno " x (
Yxw: , no:>Y wnww ni n:Y nn ox ox: Yw , nYsnY nnY no:> niY >snY n:n Yv . iwn
oxY , qnwn Yv ox: xY n: :iw s Yv qxw , wnn nt niv owY no:>i wnnw: xY , n on Y>n
onYw YYxY ni YYsnn , niv ivY iwn: :si xYw Ysx nYxY Yinn nnx Yx nt nivY nxn
nt . nw v qnwn Yv oxn o:x n: :iw n , qnwn Yv oxnw YxwY in Yv xY , Yxw ixY
wnn nt niv iv> oiwn: . v " w ) . ninaa xnan ws: w nr s:i ) n " v r " a ( nxaw ni: nvJ nnxw nn
ann: , nr n!iav j: ox , n!iav !iav: x:w iiuxJ on oa nJ Ja x:ni nwpi nr . wnna jvi " owsn xwi x
ow . nx a!i onw ow qinw oa iJ: ioxw nvJ nJii5w ni: w inxn s:i , nJ Ja q5 :v iiuxJ x:w s :v qx .(
nn jxxn Yv nnn :x " wi xox " nYv nn n ) jno nv n Yn " v ( , ::i YnY no: wx , own
iwn: xY onYw YYxw nt niv , :nn xYs: i , inn ii xin nw " o ) s qo " n>Ynn x
nox nY>xn ( nt niv xn ox:n nivw . oosn os j> . wi wox:nn jxxnY nx iw " n
x Yn tvYx nn:n ' ) : jno " x nx x ' ( nti i Yv iwnY ninw , inn i j> ox xin " o > ,' nYvn
wnn nt niv xiwn . v " w . i!i " p +. o!on soa !onn n!in iJai ) :n jno " n ( iJiw: iri an5 : !nx 5J
qo5 !in: an nn , on:sn na: nia 5Jn nn iain iJnn vain nnw5i , inx oJ5Ji !inn :w5J nnx ovsi
iain vian: nr n!iavn na: , unnJ aiwi q5 :v , naiwn q! i: niin: o5n: :xwi , iawni , oi inixa nJw :5aw
nJvn nr n!iav na: oJ5Jw , in :5 aniJ nn j5i , nr n!iavn na xna q:nw !ina nwvni , :ip na vnwi
nr5n : qia nx n5:wn nixi , in :5 nJvnn nni . v " 5 . !nn jn an5i " o:iv na soa x ) o :n jn " n ( , n owa
x:irx onax a jixan iJpr , onax: !on son ann , xnx xuon sJ5a xin n nr n!iav na: oJ5Jnw
nxniun :w , uvn uvn inix oxnuni , a!n iwsJa 5 v! x:i . n5a iw soa !iv nxi ) nv! ni , np jno " a .(
xxYs on i jxxn os j> ' wi " n n i o ) > jno " ( xn nn oxw oosi nYni i inw
onYsn nii o:>nY , xn nt oxi nnnw oosn nnY i xin . soi jowiYt i jxxn
Yiw ) : jno " ( w oni nnY jx j>Y nn ox xn ox: Yw no:>Y no:> oxw os wwn w
nix , q> Yv oxn :nx x:w js . wi wo tvYx i jxxn " i Yn nwn s n ' ) jno ' ( nx Yv Yxw:
ni>wx ooY onYsn niY o:>: n:nn wn nx Yw j>tn oi v:w on ix w:x , iwn , jxw
niv Yw jvn ww i ww nn ox Yv ivw so nt , YY> nnY on jx nix oni Ysxw , x
nt> Yx jv Yv ivY ni nnYv q>w Y , ns> o>xw xi , nnx niwni tnY onYv , wn " n
nxxwi ovn Y>Y > onY nYo . v " 5 . n p:n !av :5w soa nx!n n!aiv a jixan pos j5i ' ) 5 jno ' n nix " i .(
v " w .
o>oi : ox: Yw no:>i iY oYnni oxw i in , YiY xn ntnY nwnY nn >n Yv
ox:n no:> Yx oYinY Yxwi oinn on Yw> xY Yw> , jnn xY v :sY own ox nti ww
Yw>n . io n>i xin onYv ov: ovnwY .
w " nn n o jno Yn nv
x xn nYxw : wv Yv i>wn >:n ix Yv YYsnnY Y nn oxn , nw ' nxs i nYw , nxY oxn
nnw: YvY w nY Y> nn ?
naiwn : nv! ni qiv jn:wa an5 ) x qvo nJp jno ' :( nin: iuJ ox o:xn: iox nr n!iav !aiv , onixs: jxi
5wa i:sx , nax oipna x: ox . n! xJ! isoa n:i!an noJ5 :va jixan an5i ) nn jix: , v xJ q! " ! ( , i: nxJw
annw " oxn yxa o:xvnw: xsi nnw o , nr n!iav !aiv o:xvnwn jxw Jsn , nr n!iav !aiv iJxw :5i
oJna i:sx inixs: nin , n i: win: jxw s :v qx nax oiw + ow n! xJ! soa nJni , an5w nn :v !nv
non " annw a " oxna o:xvnw: xsi nn o , nax: wwin nnw Jsn . nr :v nwpni , o:xvnwnw n: pisnw
nr n!iav !aiv oJx . an5i , non: n: op! wsxw " nr n!iav !aiv in oxna o:xvnwnw a , in5 oJxi
w onainn nr n!iav o!aiv oJxw iJnixxa . o:i:a nx:n oxn yxw . v " w . Jnnni , ann nw " o ) psa
o: " : :o ;::n:o n: ;:: n::n:c n:::o
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r n5:n niiox ni:5xn ni5:nn x ' ( an5 , o:xvnwn i:x jia5 nr n!iav !aiv iJxw 5J :5 , nxJna nin oJ . j5i
oJixan :5 iin . Jna iox oJ nr n!iav o!aivw onix :ax nx . 5v " : . nv! nia qiv jn:wn jn pos j5i ) jno
i jno !5p ' .( nxJna nin oJ o:xvnwnw xxi xian , nr n!iav !aiv oJxw ji5 . :i5wxn soaw s :v qxi
a p:n ' ) Jp !inv ( i5i on nr n!iav !aiv o:xvnwn nrn jnraw an5 ,' jixan naiwn xan oww xan n!xa
xvnww nr n!iav !aiv oJx o: . n wi!na !iv jvi " j ) xo j!nJo (: , aun wi!nai " x ) rJ nr n!iav .(: v " w .
onn nnu soa nwpnw nni ) n5vn ' r5 nix ( ann a! :v " Jn jni o " : , oJax opir o:xvnwn nw
o:ipn: , n an5w in5i " i5i xrv jax x ' . naiwn nnunnwx ann " o ) uow jno jns nxxin ( , j5 i: iwpnw ,
xJ! nn!pn o:xvnwn owiv in j5 oJnxw yni , i5i juwn Jsa oJax q:wJ onix on oi5 :ax ,' oJx o:iv:i
v o!aiv " r . v " w . o:xvnw :w oJ ono nr ovun nxJna nn: uiws anJnn j5i , n5i " iwa w " n in:x :ip n " x
) in " a5 jno ! ( , iwai " n qo5a nsnJ n " a ) in " o ! " ! o ' .( 5i " iwa !:xi ja pnx a jixan 5 " pnx nxi n ) in " jno !
aJ ( , iwa i!:iu ! rv:x a jixani " nJwn n " n x " a ) in " u jno ! - ( , w jix: jiwxn jixani " iwa n5a x " Ja n
jnJa ) i jno ' .+( v " w . a!n nr s:i o:xvnw p!x an :w iin oxw ia , o:in oni , on:v ::snn: nin
nn:w nxis: , nr n!iav !aiv oJxw ji5 . nJwn qo5a xann j5i ) ps ' i5v ni5:nn " a n5:n o ' .( v " w .
nx i onw ow osnwnw ox: n ox Ysxw nY on w nx>Y , niv iv> o: jx nt , sY
jn:o nsonn in>w nn ) xo (: , :iw n: Yv ntn xY qnwn . xn in> j> " ow w . nn os j> " nxni x
on nxi ) : jno ( , qnwn Yv n: :i ntn xYw . x::n nni v:nw nnx jn ) jno nv n Yn
nn ( in> , n: :i jxw w:x nnsi xYxn xn qnwn Yv ontn , oi xn nvo , nr a! on: xxi
nn an5w nnn " x / ix " n / iJp jnoa , j5 nJii5n jxw nnxai , qinw ov nr n!iava vawJ ian wx5w ni: x:x
onw ow , nnx :x nix iJxi , i5i q5 :v nrin iJx ' . v " w . iwa an5 nra xxi5i " osx vw n ) !5 jno ( owa
p:nn ppinn n . iwa an5 j5i " np!x :vn n ) a5 jno .( v " w . nv! ni naiwn nnsn o:ix ) po rnp jno " a ( an5 ,
nn nv!a j5 ni: wsx xw " x , nn a!n 5 " nv! ni nwn 5!a x ) xJp jno ( qsn: xian . nJwn soa j5i
o!on ) ninn !io ni5:n wa ( an5 , j:a nvw a jixanw inixpai i:is:s oxiva nra qxn , nixa n5ini
qinwn :v nrin nJ ja jx nnxaw . v " w . av jixan an5 j5i " nvxpi in soa y ) !5 jno ( , an5i , nr n!iav :5w
nx a!i onw ow qinw x:x nJx nrn jnra on:w , ninJna inxw in5i ) p ( nw: wain upin oipn :5ai , ip!
ap: n: " xn:x! xn:x n . v " w . xJJn awni :xiwn an5 j5i ) x p:n ' xJ jno ( , nJwn !o soai ) !io ni5:n
x ps ninn ' r n5:n ' .( ! :v yaipa !iv jvi ) n:n ni5:n qio .( v " w . o: jx ox:n qxw j>w nx: nt sY
onxsY nn nt niv iv> , jxw oni Ysx nixY wnY , onxsY YYsnnY nn j> . qoi naa jvi
nv! ni ) nnp jno qio ( , iun an5w nn :v , awnw " w owa o " an5 , nr n!iav !aiv oian jx nrn jnraw ,
on!x na onnv nn:i nxw: nini , i!ini :rx x:! . qoi nan an5i , j:ina jJnx!5 iJn! ) a (: aw oia yin
on!a onniax anJn x:x on nr n!iav !aiv ix: yx: ) . ! a nr n!iav nisoina !iv jvi " iox n . vir ixai
nr n!iav n5on w . ann wi!nai " v a nr n!iav j " w .( qv jnYwi jn os j> ) ow / " o ' n " n / qvo
i ( , t niv ioi oxi oxn jx ntn jntiw n , > oxn oi onnv nnY nxwY nn q>sY ' . v " w . xYx
jn in Y ww / " ) / x> jno w ( nx:ni o: ono oxw , ow / " ) / qvo > jno ' ( onow os
nx:ni nn nt niv iv o:xw oYxvnw Yw o: ) . inn i> " nox nY>xn n>Ynn x si o
n>Yn t ' .( on nt niv iv oYxvnwnn yn nnx xww vnwn . wi qx " iwn n " i Yn y ' ) nn jno (
inn owi in> " oYxvnw Yw o: ono ox nx:ni ox onn:i ntx ownw j . v " w . nY w nnw qx
nix oni xYw nnY jx oi nwvn nwvw ox:n nxsY xw , xwn " nY > own :sY Yv YYsn
n Y> ws: i wx qin , nnYw nxsY x ntn >:n jx ox , n ' nwv :vi ion , n nxi xn
wv nnx ws: :iw . YY> nti oxY jx q>sY . Yv YYsnw win nxv xn ox j>w Y> , nx: ntnw
> :nn xYs xYw qin owni n:nx Y ww i Y , Yv YYsnnY nnw .
jx i soi nov nx i jxxnY nntn wi j> ) nn jno naiu: nix ouJipa ( , win:: nin ox :xwJw
xsnw n:in ia :v ::snn:i , iwn , Yw nxn viw nw oYvn nnx onn xnw >n vi xn oxw
n: :i , >iY nnw xn ows xsnw Yv YYsnnY , i son xn ox Yix , wvni >n :x , Yv YYsn
xsn ionY tnw , ni5aa inxw in5i ) ( xia :w nwvna , oxuin x:i oxun inn , Jv ooJsnw ow5i
oi:w 5! Jsn :xw Jv ov oia ) uJ jua (: , w o:in oia :v ::snn: nn: w j5 ixsn . n: xin wsx
oYw > :sn onYv YYsnnY x>x . xsnw jx nvw nnn ox ox nn , n w nn ' ii . wsx ox
x x nn xn q> Yvw . nn> Yxn in xnx i " vwYxw i nwvnn nx :Y xin jx nYx
nvxn jnv: nx xs xi:n . q> Yv x x nwv: ) x " awin a : . ix j!nJo jv .(: :xw ntn jnti j>w Y>
nYxi , onY :x o>x . qon , jx nn i xn jxxn ix Y nwvn xiw , :n nx x Yx xiw
nn xs n> i Yon , >i Yv wnYw nx , n xsn: , onY nnn xx , w nwv: n ' . jn an5w nni
qiv jn:wn / i " ! ) / nJp jno ( nax oipna x: ox 5wa i:sx onixs: jxw , wnn nr n!iav !aiv: inr , :ax
n! sw nr n!iav !aiv oJxw nrn jnra , nax x5x! x5n usai , qa:i ::snn: qxw . n5v " ! . nt s Yv
xxYs on i jxxn os ' wi " on n i ) xY jno ( , x qnw Y ww ni , nio Y nwv , xn nYn ,
xsnw Yv YYsnnY nnw , Jn ja! ain a!n nx xani " : , an5i , niaiu i: nwvw j!! ji!Ja j5w :5nw , x:w
naiu is5 nin: , i:v ::snn: i: ninw x!iaw ) . vnp ain5: nin ox j5 oa :xwJ psa iai ia n:in: , nni
o: " : :o ;::n:o n: ;:: n::n:c n:::o
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onw ow n5rn :a n:sn noiJ ain5: , w an5a nnwi " , niwx nan5a x:i .( nYnw nx xi nwvn nwv j>
nnY no: , Yv YYsnw inn wiY xn nYw , nwv j> , ns nnwv in nYsnw xn oYn , n w nn '
q> Yv Yx . v " w . w j j:i ox Ynn xsnw xn ix Yv YYsnnY xn nx , j> nwvY xw , wsx
x>x n: nxn , nxv nx xw: n nwv:w v Yx oYvY xin xn nw . x on>n nxw s Yv qx
n Y:w jo> xn:w , ) nn nni (: , nx nt ovon ) t jwi (: nnn jn ix nx w xn jxw , Y>n
ix sY> xnw Y> nt w on , xn:w xw , nxi o:i Y n , xn: , ni ns o , jJni a a!5
ninaa ) ao .( ow nisoina jvi . rvn jax qiv jn:wni iun ipos j5i ) x jno ' r qvo ' .( iax ::p: iox an j5i
oina ovw onw s :v qx inxi , !5 n:p nwi!p: ninn nwi!pn iJxa inx x:w ) . ann " n psa o ' ni5:nn
x n5:n onn , ! qvo xn jno nv! ni qiv jn:wni iuni ' .( inw on:v ::snn: ixw nr jJv: j!n xini
auin: irni , Jn ja! ain a!5i " : ...
n vn nx ' nxt Y> nx :nx , x nn nxw nx: xn Yw i , nx nn nxY j> , w onYv nxw j>:
onnw: YvY ... ni w onx Y>nw jY Yix , onx Yw on>ti vxs :x , v:nY jxw i Y nx:
xnn - ix Yw nnw: YvY YYsnnY w ni>wn nY x . ni ' onna o5:in: aiu vJn x: ] . nn jx: wi
ynix qoi soa xsri qoi a jixan an5w ) x:w !inv ( jipnw iYi >i w nnx , yxn nvY nt ,
own nYsnn Y>n onviw Yvn nn nY Yix . i>nn n Yx qv jx nn wn wnn jin ox
nYvn Yw niwi ix n>tw . Y> ni ox ix Yv Yix Y> j>Y nnn nYi wsxw nn . v " w . soa an5 j5i
n!iavn wiwi !io ) son qioaw nxiixa ( , iwai " a! na n " r ) son qioaw nxiixa .( n5xi " : .[
o>oi : Yni >:n ix nxsY YYsnnY xw x x . YvY nos nxY Yv w nY xw ox
nnw: . x xn oxY jn xn .
Letter from Rabbi Haskel Lookstein (2009) - Source: Thank you to my brother-in-law Michael Charish
The RCA recently issued a press release critical of my participation at the National Cathedral on the
morning after Barack Obama's inauguration. I write to explain why I did participate in this service, even
though it was in the National Cathedral, an Episcopalian Church.
Herewith, my explanation Ior my colleagues:
This event was not an interIaith dialogue or meeting. It was an invitation Irom the new President oI the United
States -- a man oI incredible importance to the Iate oI our holy community in the land oI Israel and here -- to
meet him in prayer. Many clergy were invited, and I Ielt that the interests oI our Orthodox community would be
hurt iI no one Irom our community participated.
The Shulchan Aruch notes in YD 178:2 that a person who needs to be close to the government may wear even
the Torah- prohibited garments oI a gentile in order to represent the Jewish community well. The prohibition to
enter a church is grounded in the appearance oI impropriety, rather than an actual impropriety -- indeed,
wearing garments oI gentiles is a Torah prohibition and this is generally thought to be a rabbinic one.
It is well known that many Chief Rabbis of England have gone into Westminster Abby when
summoned there by the King or Queen, and many other great rabbis have done the same to represent
our community. The Chief Rabbis of Israel have engaged in similar activities, and, most recently, the
Chief Rabbi of Haifa, Rabbi Shear Yashuv Cohen was involved in similar activities. In fact, he attended
the funeral of the late Pope, 1ohn Paul II.
Rabbi Michael Broyde told me that he was once asked by the Israeli government to represent the
government of Israel ON A VERY SERIOUS MATTER at an event in a church during a time of
worship. He spoke to the Tzitz Eliezer about this issue, and the Tzitz Eliezer told him directly that if it
was a matter of significant importance to the Israeli government, then he should go wearing his kipa and
looking as rabbinic as he could.
OI course, such events are Iew and Iar between, and, in most situations, I and other RCA members would
never participate in such events. But, I Ieel that Orthodox participation in this important national event, and the
opportunity to say a Iew words directly to the President oI the United States and begin to develop a relationship
with the most powerIul man in the world is a chance that our community can ill aIIord to miss. Indeed, when I
spoke to President Obama, I thanked him Ior his support oI Israel and I urged him to remember the
unIorgettable statement he made in Sderot, where he said, "II anybody would shoot rockets into my house while
my daughters were sleeping, I would do anything in my power to make sure they wouldn`t do it again".
The President responded with a clear assent. Maybe this will save a liIe or two in the Iuture and maybe it will
not; but I Ielt this was not an assignment I could or should turn down.
Rabbi Haskel Lookstein