7
essx:++ka|bqvgickgvb|ankf|xkslkm
N`|sg cb Gvb|cb \gi Lgqnk| cb Agq`nkleb p |r| gnqbcbckqb|
Lkmx`ngcg xkq Jk|à F`màibz %1880)
essx:++ka|bqvgickgvb|ankf|xkslkm
Lrgick lkmbilà g ka|bqvgq gvb| bi 1882. ar|wrà ri n`|sgck cb gvb cb ng zkig xgqg lebwrbgq m`| |gn`cg| Cb|lraqí mrlek| sqgagjk| |kaqb ng qbf`üi xbqk c`q`f`cg| g çqbg| b|xblío`lg|: Gvb| cbn Xgqwrb Igl`kign Igerbn Ergx`. Gvb| cbn AkwrbGic`ik Xgsgfüi`lk p ksqk| |bmbjgisb| G|í orb wrb rs`n`là vgq`k| n`|sgck| lkmk lebldn`|s xgqg nnbvgq ri qbf`|sqk cb ng|b|xbl`b| ka|bqvgcg| S`bmxk cb|xrà|. g sqgvà| cbn okqk Gmbq`lgvb| or`mk| lki|rnsgck| nk| „mrleglek| cb Agq`nkleb” |kaqbnrfgqb| cb gv`|sgjb p ri n`|sgck cb gvb| cb ng l`rcgc p |r| gnqbcbckqb| Orbqki b|sk| |rlb|k| nk| wrb fb|sgqki ng `cbg cbbngakqgq ri n`|sgck ri`o`lgck cb Gvb| cb \gi Lgqnk| cb Agq`nkleb p |r| gnqbcbckqb| wrb |`qv`bqg cb lebldn`|s g m` r|kxbq|kign p g ksqk| ka|bqvgckqb|Xgqg lkiobll`kigqng mb xqkxr|b lkmx`ngq nk| c`vbq|k| sqgagjk| l`sgck| bi ng a`an`kfqgoíg B| ri `isbisk cb gagqlgq ng|gvb| wrb xrbcbi ka|bqvgq|b bi ng l`rcgc cb Agq`nkleb p |r| gnqbcbckqb|. xrb|sk wrb lkmk lbisqk srqí|s`lk `mxkqsgisbirb|sqg l`rcgc |`qvb cb xrisk cb xgqs`cg xgqg ng ka|bqvgl`üi cb gvb| bi c`|s`isk| gma`bisb|: ng qbf`üi cb ng gnsg mkisg÷g. bnak|wrb gic`ik xgsgfüi`lk -bi fbibqgn cbisqk cbn Xgqwrb Igl`kign Igerbn Ergx`-. ng b|sbxg xgsgfüi`lg p bn blkskiklkqqb|xkic`bisbBn sqgagjk |`frb bn kqcbi |`|sbmçs`lk cb Igqk|dp b Pzrq`bsg %188<) xkq qgzkib| xqçls`lg| Nk| ikmaqb| l`bisío`lk| orbqkiskmgck| cb n`|sg cb Mgzgq Agqibss p Xbgqmgi %1887) “rig lkx`g b|sç c`|xki`anb bi bn |`s`k cb Gvb| Gqfbis`ig|- Gcbmç|.nk| ikmaqb| vrnfgqb| p l`bisío`lk| orbqki fbis`nmbisb qbv`|gck| p glsrgn`zgck| xkq Jrgi Lgqnk| Lebabz. g wr`bi cbakgfqgcblbq |r gmganb c`|xk|`l`üi Lki xklg| bulbxl`kib|. |b skmg sgma`ài bn ikmaqb vrnfgq wrb |b cg l`bqsg| gvb| bi ngqbf`üi xgsgfüi`lgBi bn n`|sgck |b `ilnrpbi skcg| ng| gvb| mbil`kigcg| xgqg ng zkig bi ng a`an`kfqgoíg lki|rnsgcg. `ilnrpbick b|xbl`b|`isqkcrl`cg| p l`sgcg| ik klg|`kignb| Ng n`|sg lki|sg cb 720 Gvb| cb ng| lrgnb| 05 lkqqb|xkicbi g Ik Xg||bq`okqmb| p ?7Xg||bq`okqmb| Lkmk lrq`k|`cgc b| xk|`anb mbil`kigq wrb bisqb ng| 720 gvb| egp lrgsqk b|xbl`b| `isqkcrl`cg| wrb |b egigcgxsgck p lqígi bi ng zkig
A`an`kfqgoíg lki|rnsgcg
‡
Cbnbfgl`üi Qbf`kign Xgsgfki`g %1882) GXI Gvb| cbn Xgqwrb Igl`kign Igerbn Ergx`. Agq`nkleb p Qbf`üi Gcpglbisb
‡
Lebabz. J L %7005) Ng| gvb| cb nk| xgqwrb| igl`kignb| cb ng Gqfbis`ig NKNG
‡
Leq`|s`b M. B Qgm`nk p MAbs`ibnn` %1883) Gvb| cbn Ikqkb|sb Xgsgfüi`lk Gsng| p Fríg NKNG - \IGX
‡
Fbng`i. M. N \pmx|ki p O _`ckz %188<) Gvb| cb Agq`nkleb N`|sg lkmbisgcg cb Gvb| cb Agq`nkleb. Xqkv`il`g cb QíkIbfqk. Gqfbis`ig N`aqk| cbn Mbc`kcíg
‡
Igqk|dp. S / C Pzrq`bsg %1883) Fríg xgqg ng `cbis`o`lgl`üi cb ng| gvb| cb Gqfbis`ig p Rqrfrgp _gzwrbz Mgzz`i`Bc`skqb|
‡
Mgzgq Agqibss. J p M Xbgqmgi %1887) N`|sg lkmbisgcg cb ng| gvb| cb Gqfbis`ig Npiu Bc`l`ki|
I K X G \ \ B Q @ O K Q M B \QEB@CGB - ×gicrb|
7
Lek`wrb
Qebg TXsbqklibm`g] xbiigsg
Nb||bq Qebg
S@IGM@CGB - Lkxbskig|. xbqc`lb|
1
Mgqs`ibsg Lkmúi
Brcqkm`g bnbfgi|
Bnbfgis Lqb|sbc-S`igmkr
XKC@L@XBC@CGB - Mglgb|<
Mglç Lkmúi
Xkc`lbx| qknngic
Ve`sb-srosbc Fqbab
3
Mglç Xngsbgck
Xkc`lbx| kll`x`sgn`|
\`nvbqp Fqbab
2
Mglç X`lk Fqrb|k
Xkc`npmar| xkc`lbx|
X`bc-a`nnbc Fqbab
?
Mglç Fqgicb - Ergng
Xkc`lbxekqr| mgjkq
Fqbgs Fqbab
XEGNGLQKLKQGL@CGB - Lkqmkqgib|6
A`frç
Xegnglqklkqgu aqg|`n`gir|
Ibksqkx`l Lkqmkqgis
5
Lkqmkqçi @mxbq`gn
Xegnglqklkqgu gsq`lbx|
Anrb-bpbc Lkqmkqgis
GQCB@CGB - Fgqzg|0
Fgqzg Mkqg
Gqcbg lklk`
Ve`sb-ibldbc Ebqki
78
Fgqzg Angilg
Gqcbg TLg|mbqkc`r|] gnag
Fqbgs Bfqbs
77
Fgql`sg Arbpbqg
Ararnlr| TGqcbg] `a`|
Lgssnb Bfqbs
71
Fgqzg Aqrjg
Ipls`lkqgu ipls`lkqgu
Angld-lqkibc I`fes-Ebqki
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