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STRATEGIC DECISION IN CRITICAL SITUATIONCOMPARISION OF TWO NATION INDIA & ISRAEL
By R.C.Dohare B.E. (mech), PGDCSc, M.E. (Env.Sc. &Eng.)Sr. Manager SAILIntroduction
: -
I strongly
believe
that terrorism can not be defeated until unlesswe change our attitude & approach towards the critical situation as it is shown by theIsrael government in 1976.operation Entebbe. What we have done 1999december itsafter effect was visible in 2001 Parliament attack, Mumbai attack 2008november. If we had taken lesson from operation Entebbe than picture could be different.
List of hijacking of Indian aeroplanes
 1971 January 30: AnIndian Airlinesplane on its way fromSrinagar toJammu  was hijacked by Hashim Quereshi and Ashraf Quereshi of theJKLF, who took it toLahore.Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, then Foreign Minister of Pakistanrushed to Lahore and met the hijackers and helped them get maximum international publicity. On February1, he persuaded them to release the crew and passengers who were then sent by roadtoAmritsar . TheGovernment of Indiasought permission of Pakistan to send a replacement crew to fly the aircraft back to India. Pakistan authorities denied the permission. Instead it is alleged they supplied petrol to the hijackers with which they burnt the aircraft on February 2. FromLahore Airportthe hijackers were taken into a procession as heroes.1981 September 29: An Indian airlines plane on flight fromSrinagar toDelhiis hijacked and taken toLahore. Pakistan took commando action and got all passengersreleased.1982August 22: A lone militant, armed with a pistol and a hand grenade, hijackeda Boeing 737 on a scheduled flight fromBombayto New Delhicarrying 69 persons. Indian security forces killed the hijacker and rescued all passengers.1982 August: An Indian Airlines flight fromJodhpur toDelhiwas hijacked. The hijacked plane landed atAmritsar .1984July 6: An Indian Airlines jet carrying 255 passengers and a crew of nine onflight from Srinagar to New Delhiwas hijacked and forced to land inLahore  Pakistan.The hijackers were reported to be armed with pistols, daggers andexplosives. The hijackers' surrender to Pakistan authorities ended a 17- hour ordealfor the plane's passengers and crew, who remained aboard the A-300 Airbus insuffocating heat, with little food and water.1984 August 24: Seven young hijackers demanded an Indian Airlines jetliner, on a domestic flight fromChandigarhtoSrinagar with 100 passengers on board ,be flown to theUnited States. The plane was taken toLahoreand then toKarachiand finally to Dubaiwhere the defense minister of UAEnegotiated the release of the passengers. It was related to the secessionist struggle in the Indian state of Punjab.The hijacker wassubsequently repatriated by UAE authorities to India, who handed over the pistol
 
recovered from the hijacker. Investigations revealed that the pistol was manufacturedin Germany and was part of 75 pistols consigned from Germany to CAO, PO Box1040, Islamabad. The Pakistani Foreign Ministry denied the accusation.1993 April 24: Indian Airlines aircraft bound for Srinagar viaJammufrom Delhi is hijacked. The hijacker wanted to take the plane to Lahore but Pakistan authoritiesrefused permission. The plane landed at Amritsar where the hijacker was killed and passengers freed.
1999-2000: Indian Airlines Flight 814 flying fromKathmanduishijacked and diverted it toKandahar . After a week-long stand-off India  agrees to release three jailed Kashmiri militants in exchange for thehostages. 1 hostage was stabbed to death and his body thrown on thetarmac as a "warning attack"
List of notable aircraft hijackings
1960s
1961: aircraft forced to circleLisbonto drop leaflets. 6 hijackers were involved.23 July1968: To date, the only successful El Al hijacking attempt, as threemembers of Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) hijack El Al Flight426 from Rome to Tel Aviv. Diverting to Algiers the negotiations extend over fortydays. Both the hijackers and the hostages go free.
1970s
1970, March 17: Eastern Air Lines Shuttle Flight 1320, carrying passengers from Newark to Boston was hijacked around 7:30 P.M. by John J. Divivo who was armedwith a .38 caliber revolver. Captain Robert Wilbur Jr., 35, a former Air Force pilotwho had only been promoted to captain six months prior, was shot in his arm by thesuicidal hijacker. And yet with a .38 slug in his arm and bleeding profusely, he flewhis aircraft safely to a landing while talking to the tower, telling them his copilot wasshot (but not himself) and needed an ambulance. His copilot, First Officer JamesHartley, 31, was mortally shot without warning by John J. Divivo and he collapsed.Divivo then turned the gun on the captain, wounding him when suddenly Hartleyarose, ripped the gun from Divivo's hand, and shot him three times before relapsinginto unconsciousness. Although wounded and slumped between the seats, Divivoarose and began clawing at Captain Wilbur, attempting to force a crash. That's whyWilbur hit him over the head with the gun he had retrieved from where it had fallenon the center console.
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The pilot was able to land the plane safely at LoganInternational Airport, and the hijacker was arrested immediately.1970, March 31: Japan Airlines Flight 351, carrying 131 passengers and 7 crewfrom Tokyo to Fukuoka, is hijacked by nine members of the Japanese Red Armygroup. 23 passengers were freed at Fukuoka Airport, mainly children or old aged. 108 passengers and all crew members with Red Army group left Fukuoka, bound for Gimpo Airport, near Seoul. Three days after, Red Army group ask to be flown to North Korean capital Pyongyang, before leaving from Seoul, 103 passenger and crew
 
hostages are freed, and nine Red Army group members surrendered to North Koreanauthorities.September 1970: As part of the Dawson's Field hijackings, PFLP membersattempted to hijack four aircraft simultaneously. They succeeded on three and forcedthe planes to fly to the Jordanian desert, where the hijackers blew up the aircraft after releasing most of the hostages. The final hostages were freed in exchange for sevenPalestinian prisoners. The fourth attack on an El Al plane by two people includingLeila Khalid was foiled by armed guards aboard.October 15 1970,Aeroflot Flight 244was hijacked fromBatumi,Adjar ASSR , Georgian SSR , toTrabzon,Turkeyby aLithuaniannational and his son. An air  hostess was killed and some other crew were injured in a shootout. The hijackers later received American citizenship.1971, January 30: Indian AirlinesFokker F27on scheduledSrinagar -Jammu  flight is hijacked to Lahore by two self-proclaimed Kashmir Separatists. All passengers were released by February 2 and repatriated to India, but the aircraft was blown-up--leading to an India-Pakistan air-travel ban, and suspension of over flightrights until 1976.1971, March: Philippine Airlines flight was hijacked in March 1971 by sixstudents from the Mindanao State University, opposed to the Marcos government.The plane landed in Guangzhou (Canton) in southern China, and the Chineseauthorities let the students stay in the country. The plane was then allowed to fly back to the Philippines. No one was hurt. One of the students, Jaime FlorCruz, later  became a journalist in Beijing, working for TIME magazine, and CNN.1972, January 12: Braniff Flight 38, a Boeing 727 airliner, was hijacked as itdeparted Houston, Texas bound for Dallas, Texas. The lone armed hijacker, BillyGene Hurst, Jr., allowed all 94 passengers to deplane after landing at Dallas LoveField but continued to hold the 7 crewmembers hostage, demanding to fly to SouthAmerica and asking for US $2 million, parachutes, and jungle survival gear, amongstother items. After a 6-hour standoff, the entire crew secretly fled while Hurst wasdistracted examining the contents of a package delivered by Dallas police. Policeofficers stormed the craft shortly afterwards and arrested Hurst without seriousincident.1972, January 28: TWA Flight #2, Los Angeles to New York, was hijacked bycon man and bank robber Garrett Trapnell while over Chicago. Trapnell demanded$306,800 in cash (to recoup the loss of a recent court case), the release of AngelaDavis (as well as that of a friend of his who was also imprisoned), and clemency fromPresident Richard Nixon. TheFBIwas able to retake the aircraft during a crew switchat Kennedy Airport; Trapnell was shot and wounded, no one else was hurt. Trapnell'shijacking came after a string of domestic incidents and resulted in an overhaul of flight procedures by the Nixon Administration, procedures that remained in placeuntil the September 11, 2001 hijackings.
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