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Airport Planning & Management
irport Planning & Management
Class: 5 & 6Class: 5 & 6
Airfield, Aerodrome and Airport:Airfield, Aerodrome an
 
d Airport:
An
airfield
is an area where an aircraft can land and take off. It may ormay not be equipped with any navigational aids or markings. The area needs tobe free from any structure around which can obstruct movement of aircraft.Many grass strips are also designated as airfields.An airfield is called an
aerodrome
when it is equipped with air trafficcontrol facility. An aerodrome does usually have runways equipped withNAVAIDS and facilities to control aircraft in air from ground with radiotechnology.Though the common reference of
airport
includes airfield and aerodromealso, a full-fledged airport needs to have airfield, aerodrome and one or moreterminal buildings for the comfortable movement of passengers and air cargo.The physical parts of an airport can be broadly divided into three parts as
•
Airside
•
Terminal Building and
•
City side
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Airport Planning & Management
irport Planning & Management
Class: 5 & 6Class: 5 & 6
The airside installations, operation and its effective management are vital forevery airport. It basically includes1.Runway2.Taxiway3.Holding bays4.Apron5.Bays/stands6.Runway lights7.Runway markings8.Navigational aids or NAVAIDS as
•
NDB (Non directional beacon)
•
DVOR
•
DME
•
Localizer
•
Glide Path
•
Outer markerA terminal building could be made for passengers, cargo and for any otherspecific purposes. A PTB (Passengers Terminal Building) comprises the basicphysical parts as
1.
Front side of the PTB or the verandah2.Visitors Area3.Check-in Area
4.
SHA or Security Hold Area (sterile area)5.BMA (Baggage Make Up area)6.BBA (Baggage Brake Up area)7.Passengers Meet and Greet area8.Airlines offices9.Office of the regulatory agencies10.Lounges of Business class or Executive Class passengers11.Check-in counters12.Frisking booths and XBIS machines13.Various concessionaires
14.
Counters for Tour and Travel agencies
15.
counters for Taxi servicesThe city side area comprises:1.Parking area2.Reserved parking area3.Approach road4.Directional signage
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Airport Planning & Management
irport Planning & Management
Class: 5 & 6Class: 5 & 6
Runways:
 
Runways:
A Runway is the basic requirement of an airport. The pavement whereaircrafts land, roll and take off is called a runway. Regulations regarding themanagement and planning of runway is governed by ICAO SARP Annex-14.As per the guidelines the runway is properly painted with various markingsand equipped with visual and instrumental aids.Runway orientation: Runway orientation is basically decided on prevailingwind directions over the area. The runway which is oriented into theprevailing wind is known as
Primary Runway
. However, in many areas winddirections are not always same. If the runway is oriented towards the mostcommon crosswind direction, it is called
Crosswind Runway.
Many airportshave more than one runway parallel to each other. Such runways are called
Parallel Runway
and denoted by R, L and C meaning Right, Left and Centre asits position.Runways are defined by their orientations with respect to magnetic north.The angle from magnetic north is divided by 10 and rounded to the nearestinteger. The lower n
 
umber is always indentified first.Runway length and width: The characteristics that determine the lengthand width of the runway are
•
aircraft sizes that are to be operated on the runway and
•
the prevailing atmospheric conditions.The maximum gross take off weight, acceleration rate, safe lift off velocityof the aircraft are the factors to be considered while determining the length.Moreover, elevation above the sea level (MSL) and outside air temperature arealso two factors affecting the runway length for the fact that air at higherelevation and at higher temperature is less dense than cooler air and air closer tosea level. The density of the air is a significant determinant in the takeoffperformance of aircraft. The width of runway varies from 50 to 200 feet and
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