Start

Read the system data,check if the initial voltage angles are set and obtain the number of buses as n. assume bus voltage Vi0 for i=1 to n(not applicable for slack bus)

Form the bus admittance matrix[Ybus]

For P-V and P-Q bus, obtain the [B] matrix & [B]-1 For P-Q bus, obtain the [B] matrix & [B]-1

Set iteration count k=0 D Set bus count i=1 B Test whether ith bus is P-V(or) P-Q bus or slack bus

P-Q bus

Slack bus

i=i+1

P-V bus Calculate using the equation

Calculate

using the equation

Check for Q- limit

Calculate using the equation

Is Qi >Qimax
(k) ?

No

Is Qi <Qimin
(k) ?

No

Calculate using the equation

Yes Set Qi(k)=Qimax

Yes Set Qi(k)=Qimin

Calculate using the equation Calculate Calculate using the equation Is i n

?

using the equation

Yes

i=i+1

No

Is max and max No

Yes For P-V & P-Q bus form and obtain =-[B]-1 i

Find the line current without line charging capacitors and also find the line flows and line losses

Display the result

Stop

For P-Q bus form and obtain

-1 i=-[B]

Set bus count i=1

P-V bus

Is ith bus P-V or P-Q bus or slack bus?

Slack bus

i=i+1

P-Q bus Calculate |Vi(k+1)|=Vi(k)+ |Vi(k)|

Calculate

(k+1)

(k)

(k)

in ? No Yes i=i+1 D k=k+1