1IntroductionThe Human eye is sensitive to visible light (electromagnetic radiationbelonging to wavelength range 400 nm to 750 nm). It is through thissensation produced in the eye that we are able to interpret the world aroundus. Light as it is known, travels with a speed in a straightline. This happens when the wavelength of light is very small compared tothe size of ordinary objects. The straight line path along which light travels iscalled a ray of light and a bundle of such rays constitute a beam of light.Let us familiarise ourselves with phenomena of reflection, refraction anddispersion using the ray picture of light.Reflection of Light by Spherical MirrorsIt is the phenomenon of change in the path of light without any change inmedium.According to the laws of reflection,
Angle 'i' =
Angle 'r' i.e., angle of incidence = angle of reflection.
The incident ray A0, reflected ray OB and normal ON to the mirror,all lie in the same plane. These laws are valid at each point on anyreflecting surface, plane or curved.
Spherical Mirrors
2It is a part of a hollow sphere, whose one side is reflecting and other side isopaque.The types of mirrors are:
Concave mirror
Convex mirror
Concave Mirror
Concave mirror whose reflecting surface is towards the centre of the sphereof which the mirror is a part.
Convex Mirror
Convex mirror is one whose reflecting surface is away from the centre of thesphere of which the mirror is a part.
3In the above diagram,
'C' is the centre of curvature of the spherical mirror, which is thecentre of the whole sphere of which the mirror forms a part.
'P' is called the vertex or pole of the mirror, which is the mid point orcentre of the spherical mirror.
'CP' is called the radius of curvature (R) M
1
M
2
is called the apertureof the mirror.
The straight line joining the pole and the centre C extended on bothsides is called the principal axis of the mirror.Definitions
Principal Focus
F is a point on the principal axis of the mirror at which, rays incident on themirror in a direction parallel to the axis actually meet or appear to diverge
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Optics
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