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   1314/04/2005 :'   '16 ¯: 

'61:

 -mRNA  .

¯  :

 ¯  :-DNA  ¯DNA ,  -RNA ,  .

   ¯ :

RNA   RNA DNA   RNA –Reverse transcription   -5'-3'.mRNA  5'  5'UTR .     ¯ downstream-5'UTR .    AUG )Met.(  - AUG STOPOpen reading frame)ORF(,Coding region.

   :

 ¯RNA ,UTP)   ¯-RNA .(   ,    ¯  .       .        .    ¯ ,   ,¯ ¯     ¯.  ,  .       : -)Pulse labeling experiments /Pulse chase(    ,    .(     ¯,   .   '  300-400 )  =1Dalton.(   ¯,   25000,  ¯  ¯.   :  ,   ¯,     '.       ,   :     25000.  :   ¯.    ¯)  .(    ,¯ –  .      .  ¯  ¯ ,DNA .    -RNAase –¯,RNA .    tRNA .3     :CCA . - A    ) ¯  ¯.(  -tRNA    ,   ¯  .        anti-codon.  -tRNA      '.   -mRNA  '. -tRNA   ¯GAA CUU, ¯  3'



5'.¯   5'



3,'   ¯UUC. ¯,¯  Phe. 4

=64  .¯3STOP-.61   -20'.¯,   -. '    . )Met()Trp(  .  '   .'   ,     .

:

20' 61 ' 31=31tRNA .

 :

20' 61 ' 48 – tRNA     ¯.      Alanine:

G.¯,     ',    . 3  Wobble,   ' 1,  Wobble.¯,    '1  .   ¯-Wobble     ¯   ,  :

Possibleanticodon basesWobblecodon base

A,G or IUG or ICU or I A C or UG

Possibleanticodon basesWobblecodon base

G or IUG or ICU A CG

   2314/04/2005 :'   '16 ¯:       -Wobble,   ¯tRNA .

   tRNA:

I –: Purine  ¯-U,C A ,  .   G-U   .          Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.      '    '-tRNA . 20¯    . ¯  ' .    ' ¯  ,   3-tRNA .     ,   ATP  . ¯tRNA  ' .     mRNA ,    .    Aminoacyl-tRNA .        -mRNA .     .  -rRNA )(,   ¯:   2,800,000   1,400,000).(      3RNA ,¯-45 .       ¯,¯,45  .       RNA ¯-33. Svedberg –      .  70S.        ,¯,    .    .   50S30S)    ¯ ¯  .( ::80S.  60S.  40S.        A ,P-E.-mRNA         ". A site – Aminoacyl-tRNA P site –Peptidyl-tRNA E site – exit,  '  .

¯ –       '  ¯  '.      .¯     .

   -3

1.Initiation –:

): ¯-RNA ,met-tRNA  ,  -mRNA  /   - AUG(

:

-mRNA  .   ¯  .)upstream(   ¯)¯    -RNA Ribosome binding site.      .     ¯       -met-tRNA .    - , -tRNA .tRNA   ¯ ¯-P-Site. ,    .

:

    )40S(tRNA )met-tRNA (-P-site.   -mRNA      :Cap binding Protein –   -5' Cap structure. Poly(A) binding protein-   -3' poly(A).      5,'   ¯ .  :   ,  ¯  ,¯    A    .    -5' "    ,    ¯ - RNA ,¯  ,  ¯.      -5'  AUG.    AUG       -met-tRNA .  ,    ,     – .