Science Chemistry Preliminary 2 2011 Marking Scheme Paper 3 Section A [45m] Question A1(a) (b) (c) (d) A2(a) XX

X 2 X Na XX : O electron X: Na electron X X + O X X

Marking Scheme Iron ; Aluminium ; Calcium ; Nitrogen ;

2-

Marks ; 1m

total : 4m

1 m ; for correct valence electrons drawn 1 m ; for correct charge shown minus 1m for showing all electrons total : 2m

(b) (c)

Na2O + H2O 2NaOH; No. of moles of Na2O = mass / Mr = 62 / 23x2 +16 = 62/62 =1; 1 mole Na2O : 2 moles NaOH ; concentration = no. of moles / volume ; =2/2 = 1 mol/dm3 ;

; 1m ; 0.5 m

total : 2m

A3(a) (b)

P4O6 ; It is acidic as it is an oxide of non-metal.;

; 0.5 m

and dissolve in water to form phosphorus acid. ; It has a low melting point because it exists as simple covalent molecules. ; The intermolecular forces between the molecules are weak ; and only a small amount of heat energy is required to overcome these forces. ;; A4(a) Fe : 26p, 30n, 26e ; Sr: mass no. = 88, 38p; N3- : proton no. =7, mass no. = 14, 10e; Al3+ : 13p, 14n ; A5 (a) (i) A : no reaction; (ii) B : Displacement reaction occurred; (b) (c) A6 Silver, X, Magnesium Mg (s) + X2+ (aq) Mg 2+ (aq) + X (s) Copper is less reactive than iron ; and thus iron will react with oxygen in moist conditions in place of copper, ;; thus rust faster than normal.; The copper in contact with iron will corrode slower than normal ; as iron, being more reactive will corrode in place of copper. ; This is an example of sacrificial protection. A7(a) (i) Reagent 2 : aqueous lithium hydroxide ; Titrate the aqueous lithium hydroxide with dilute sulfuric acid. Heat to obtain saturated solution. Cool solution for crystallization to take place. Filter. ; (ii) Reagent 2 : aqueous barium nitrate ; Mix both the reagents. White precipitate

total : 1 m ; 0.5 m

total : 2m ; 1m each

total : 4m

; 1m

total : 4m ; 0.5 m

total : 3m

; 1m

of barium sulfate is formed. Filter to obtain salt. ; (iii) Reagent 2 : copper (II) oxide or copper (II) carbonate ; Dissolve excess copper (II) oxide / copper (II) carbonate in dilute sulfuric acid. Filter to remove excess copper (II) oxide / copper (II) carbonate. Heat the filtrate to total : 6m obtain saturated solution. Cool solution for crystallization to take place. Filter. ; A8 (a) (i) Incomplete combustion of petrol produces carbon monoxide ; The concentration of carbon monoxide remains constant till % of petrol increases to 7.2% before increasing as petrol % increases; The high temperature in the car engine causes the nitrogen in the air to react with oxygen in the air to form nitrogen oxide; The catalyst is in powdered form, providing a large surface area for the reaction to take place. ; The temperature is very high, 700oC, thus increasing rate of reaction. ; A9(a) (b) (c) A10
H H

; 1m

(ii)

Total : 5m

(b)

(c)

Endothermic; Endothermic; Exothermic; C3H6 ;

; 1m total : 3m ; 1m

C=C
H H H H H H H H

ethane;

total : 3m C-C=C Product X ;

A11(a)
F F

poly(ethene)

;1m each

C=C
F H F H

C
H

C n

(b) (i)

Monomer is a small repeating unit or molecule that make up the polymer.; Addition Polymerisation: When unsaturated monomers break their carboncarbon double bonds and form single covalent bonds with other monomers to form long-chain molecules; total: 5m

Section B [20m] Question Marking Scheme B1(a) Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl2 + H2 Limiting reagent in the reaction : HCl No. of moles of HCl used = volume x concentration = 10/1000 x 0.5 = 0.005 ; No. of moles of hydrogen produced = no. of moles of HCl used x = 0.005 x = 0.0025 ; Volume of hydrogen produced = No. of moles of hydrogen produced x 24 dm3 = 0.0025 x 24 = 0.06 dm3 ; = 60 cm3 (b) (i) The rate of reaction is the highest when zinc is just added which decreases as the reaction progresses till it drops to zero finally. ; The reason is that hydrochloric acid is being used up as the reaction progresses. ; Zn (s) + H2SO4 (aq) ZnSO4 (aq) + H2 (g) ; The rate of reaction would be twice as fast as that between zinc and hydrochloric acid. ; 1 mol of HCl ionises completely to form 1 mol of H+ while 1 mol of H2SO4 ionises completely to form 2 mol of H+. ; 1m Marks ; 1m

(ii) (c) (d)

; 1m ; 1m ; 1m each

concentration of H+ doubled, more reacting particles per unit volume for effective collisions with zinc, Frequency of effective collisions doubled, therefore rate twice as fast. ;

The total volume of hydrogen produced will be doubled ; From equation, 1 mole of H2SO4 produces 1 mole of H2.while 2 moles of HCl produces 1 mole of H2. Since the amount of acid used is the same, the reaction with H2SO4 will produce double the amount of H2 as compared with HCl ; B2 Bromine, Chlorine, Fluorine ; Observations Reagents used Aqueous potassium chloride Aqueous potassium bromide Aqueous chlorine Aqueous bromine No visible reaction ; Aqueous iodine No visible reaction ; No visible reaction ; ; mark each Total 3m ; 1m

Solution turned from colourless to reddishbrown ; Solution turned from colourless to brown ;

Aqueous potassium iodide

Solution turned from reddishbrown to brown ;

Reaction between aqueous chlorine and aqueous potassium bromide : Cl2 (aq)+ 2KBr (aq) 2KCl(aq) + Br2(aq) Reaction between aqueous chlorine and aqueous
6

potassium iodide : Cl2(aq) + 2KI (aq) 2KCl (aq) + I2(aq) Reaction between aqueous bromine and aqueous potassium iodide : Br2 (aq) + 2KI (aq) 2KBr (aq) + I2(aq) ;; any of the above chemical equations. ; 1m for correct eqn ;1m for correct state symbols Total : 2 marks

Cl2 (aq)+ 2Br - (aq) 2Cl - (aq) + Br2(aq) Cl2(aq) + 2I- (aq) 2Cl- (aq) + I2(aq) Br2 (aq) + 2I (aq) 2Br (aq) + I2(aq) ; any of the above corresponding ionic equation
-

; 1m

(b)

Chlorine is oxidised to form ClOH ; as its oxidation number increases from 0 (in Cl2) to +1 (in ClOH);; However Chlorine is also reduced to form HCl ; as its oxidation number decreases from 0 (in Cl2) to -1 (in HCl);;

; mark each Total 3m

B3(a)

A diesel oil B paraffin C naphtha

2 m for all correct answers. Minus 1m for every wrong answer given. ; 1m each Total 3m

(b)

The crude oil fractions have different molecular masses. The fractions with smaller molecular masses have lower boiling points.; Hence they will vaporise at lower temperature and be separated at the higher end of the fractionating column ; as compared to those with higher molecular masses, which will vaporise at higher temperatures and be collected at the lower end of the fractionating

column. ; (c) (i) % of carbon in hexadecane = (12x16)/(12x16 + 34) x 100% = 84.9% ; % of carbon in octane = (12x8)/(12x8 + 18) x 100% = 84.2% ; Therefore, % of carbon in hexadecane is more than % of carbon in octane [proven] 2C16H34 (l) + 49O2 (g) 32 CO2 (g) + 34 H2O (g) ;; hexadecane will require more oxygen for complete combustion compared to octane.; The smoky flame is due to the incomplete combustion of hexadecane.; Hydrogen; alcohol ; ; 1m each Total 2m

(ii) (iii)

;1m for balanced equation ; 1m total 2m ; m each Total 1m

(d)