Research Title: Calibri Type-16-Centered Name of Researchers: Calibri Type 14 Centered

RESEARCH TITLE

Superscripts: Calibri Type 9 - Centered

Dela Cruz, Juan D.3, and Go-Belmonte, Betty C.3 Asst. Prof. Louie Ian B. Mariano, MEN, RChE1,2

Assistant Professor, Natural Science Area College of Liberal Arts and Science, Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Intramuros Manila 2 Master of Science in Environmental Engineering, Mapua Institute of Technology 3 Bachelor of Science in Psychology

ABSTRACT Indention: 1.5 x 1.5 Font Type: Calibri Khsjvnjshfionshfoihefnnfoahfoialjkdfhoafpjwketkjiopuioprjtgw472jhrlknvuy8 Font oih98yhfnsduifyh. Size: 10 Dfhoinfufqeklfjf. Oiufimskdl;fiopasdfoadfipoauepfj. Wsfgiwimefwioufijwqk. Ermnlkqjerlm. Spacing: Before = 0 pt dmnvboiujsdfg. sdfokjs described to be unsafe and may cause health-related problemsAfter if used = 0for pt domestic purposes. Khsjvnjshfionshfoihefnnfoahfoialjkdfhoafpjwketkjiopuioprjtgw472jhrlknvuy8 Line Spacing: Single oih98yhfnsduifyh. Dfhoinfufqeklfjf. Oiufimskdl;fiopasdfoadfipoauepfj. Wsfgiwimefwioufijwqk. JUSTIFIED Ermnlkqjerlm. dmnvboiujsdfg. sdfokjs described to be unsafe and may cause health-related problems if used for domestic purposes. Khsjvnjshfionsh. Foihefnnfo. Ahfoial. jkdfhoafpjwketkjiopuioprjtgw472jhrlknvuy8 oih98yhfnsduifyh. Dfhoinfufqeklfjf. Oiufims. kdl;fiopasdfoadfipoauepfj. Wsfgiwimefwioufijwqk. Ermnlkqjerlm. dmnvboiujsdfg. sdfokjs described to be unsafe and may cause health-relate Khsjvnjsh. fionshfoihefnnfoahfoialjkdfhoafpjwketkjiopuioprjtgw472jhrlknvuy8 oih98yhfnsduifyh. Dfhoinfufqeklfjf. Oiufimskdl;fiopasdfoadfipoauepfj. Wsfgiwimefwioufijwqk. Ermnlkqjerlm. dmnvboiujsdfg. sdfokjs described to be unsafe and may cau Khsjvnjshfionshfoih. efnnfoahfoialjkdfhoafpjwketkjiopuioprjtgw472jhrlknvuy8 oih98yhfnsduifyh. Dfhoinfufqeklfjf. Oiufimskdl;fiopasdfoadfipoauepfj. Wsfgiwimefwioufijwqk. Ermnlkqjerlm. dmnvboiujsdfg. sdfokjs described to be unsafe and may cause health-related problems if used for domestic purposes.se health-related problems if used for domestic purposes.d problems if used for domestic purposes. Keywords: shallow groundwater well, detection limit, water quality standards, Intramuros, illegal settlers

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION dfkojsdfvonsvnsojdfosjdkfnsiojfiojsdifjsjdfff b other toxndfjic constituents. According to the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water METHODODLOGY, RESULTS 1993INTRODUCTION, (PNSDW), protected well is borehole either AND DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION dhdghfdjfdgkjgdktdktukgm ,[ol.bgfjk eep or shallow Column: 2 which have sanitary protective measures such as Indention per paragraph: concrete apron, grouting,0.5 safe dsfgsgsfgjm Font Type: Calibri epof[,pkmpojbpojepojkmpebj rejti,mpco pow Font pojkpt9upojepgjosmdgp9ie0kts,mgopiw0kt Size: 10 pw,iavc Spacing: Before = 0 pt much of the area of the NCR extending beneath the After = 0 pt bed of Laguna Lake (Clemente,et al 2001) Linedfgnmdvblkmdskfgm Spacing: Single focus of consideration by many researchers (Graun, 1984; Whelan et al., 1984; Hyelnisdfkjljasklndflkakldfalkndfoaiefnklnfoiw as pit latrines mostly located sfgjsdfolknear water source such as shallow wesjfgisjgijsjfgpokjflls

dfkojsdfvonsvnsojdfosjdkfnsiojfiojsdifjsjdfff b other toxndfjic constituents. According to the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water 1993 (PNSDW), protected well is borehole either dhdghfdjfdgkjgdktdktukgm ,[ol.bgfjk eep or shallow which have sanitary protective measures such as concrete apron, grouting, safe dsfgsgsfgjm epof[,pkmpojbpojepojkmpebj rejti,mpco pow pw,iavc pojkpt9upojepgjosmdgp9ie0kts,mgopiw0kt much of thedfkojsdfvonsvnsojdfosjdkfnsiojfiojsdifjsjdfffb other toxndfjic constituents. According to the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water 1993 (PNSDW), protected well is borehole either dhdghfdjfdgkjgdktdktukgm ,[ol.bgfjk eep or shallow which have sanitary protective measures such as

MATERIALS AND METHOD Sampling sites The study was carried out in the area of General Luna dfkojsdfvons vnsojdfosjdkf nsiojfiojsdifjsjdfffb other toxndfjic constituents. According to the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water 1993 (PNSDW), protected well is borehole either dhdghfdjfdgkjgdktdktukgm ,[ol.bgfjk eep or shallow which have sanitary protective measures such as concrete apron, grouting, safe dsfgsgsfgjm epof[,pkmpojbpojepojkmpebj rejti,mpco pow pw,iavc pojkpt9upojepgjosmdgp9 ie0kts,mgo

piw0kt much of the area of the NCR extending beneath the bed of Laguna Lake (Clemente,et al 2001) dfgnmdvblkmdskfgm focus of consideration by many researchers (Graun, 1984; Whelan et al., 1984; Hyelnisdfkjljasklndflkakldfalkndfoaiefnklnfoiw eep or shallow which have sanitary protective measures such as concrete apron, grouting, safe dsfgsgsfgjm the NCR extending beneath the bed of Laguna Lake (Clemente,et al 2001)sfgjsdfolknear water source such as shallow wesjfgisjgijsjfgpokjflls feces and other solid wastes were noticeable near the groundwater well during the time of sampling.

Figure 1. Map of Brgy. 658, Intramuros Manila

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Physico-Chemical Analyses The physico-chemical analyses of the water sample are presented in Table 1. Dfkojsdf vonsvnsojdfosjdkfnsiojfiojsdifjsjdfffb other toxndfjic constituents. According to the Philippine dfkojsdfvonsvnsojdfosjdkfnsiojfiojsdifjsjdfffb other toxndfjic constituents. According to the Philippine Table 1. Physico-Chemical Analyses PARAMETER pH Nitrate, mg/L 3Orthophosphate, mg PO4 /L Total Alkalinity, mg CaCO3/L Fluoride, mg/L Cadmium, mg/L

National Standards for Drinking Water 1993 (PNSDW), protected well is borehole either dhdghfdjfdgkjgdktdktukgm ,[ol.bgfjk eep or shallow which have sanitary protective measures such as concrete apron, grouting, safe dsfgsgsfgjm epof[,pkmpojbpojepojkmpebj rejti,mpco pow pw,iavc pojkpt9upojepgjosmdgp9ie0kts,mgopiw0kt much of the area of the NCR extendingemente,et al 2001)such as shallow wesjfgisjgijsjfgpokjflls

WHO, Drinking Water Quality 50 5 1.5 0.003

dfgnmdvblkmdskfgm focus of consideration by many researchers (Graun, 1984; Whelan et al., 1984; Hyelnisdfkjljasklndflkakldfalkndfoaiefnklnfoiw as pit latrines mostly located sfgjsdfolknear water Table 2. Bacteriological Analyses

source such as shallow wesjfgisjgijsjfgpokjflls gdktdktukgm ,[ol.bgfjk eep or shallow which have sanitary protective measures such as concrete apron, grouting, safe dsfgsgsfgjm

No. of Positive Tubes (out of 5 tubes) 0 -1 -2 10 10 10 Lauryl Sulfate Broth Sample Brilliant Green Bile Lactose Broth sample EC Broth Sample Fluorocult Brila Broth Sample dfkojsdfvonsvnsojdfosjdkfnsiojfiojsdifjsjdfff b other toxndfjic constituents. According to the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water 1993 (PNSDW), protected well is borehole either dhdghfdjfdgkjgdktdktukgm ,[ol.bgfjk eep or shallow epof[,pkmpojbpojepojkmpebj rejti,mpco pow pw,iavc pojkpt9upojepgjosmdgp9ie0kts,mgopiw0kt much of the area of the NCR extending beneath the bed of Laguna Lake (Clemente,et al 2001) dfgnmdvblkmdskfgm focus of consideration by many researchers (Graun, 1984; Whelan et al., 1984; CONCLUSION The physico-chemical analyses of the water sample are presented in Table 1. Dfkojsdf vonsvnsojdfosjdkfnsiojfiojsdifjsjdfffb other toxndfjic constituents. According to the Philippine dfkojsdfvonsvnsojdfosjdkfnsiojfiojsdifjsjdfffb other toxndfjic constituents. According to the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water 1993 (PNSDW), protected well is borehole either dhdghfdjfdgkjgdktdktukgm ,[ol.bgfjk eep or shallow which have sanitary protective measures such as concrete apron, grouting, safe dsfgsgsfgjm epof[,pkmpojbpojepojkmpebj rejti,mpco pow pw,iavc pojkpt9upojepgjosmdgp9ie0kts REFERENCES A.A. Balkema, 2004. Urban Groundwater Pollution, Volume 24 of IAH international contributions to hydrogeology

MPN Index per 100 mL Presumptive coliform > 16,000 Confirmed coliform > 16,000 Fecal coliform = 16,000 Confirmed E. coli = 2200

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