TIMPURILE VERBALE ROMNETI I TRADUCEREA LOR N LIMBA ENGLEZ

PREZENTUL ROMNESC
1 .1

Eu mnnc acum. I am eating now.(at this moment, right now, ...)

(aciune n desfurare n momentul vorbirii)

1.2

El spune c mergei la un film disear; e adevrat? He says you are going to a movie tonight; is it true?
(plan individual de viitor)

Present Continuous

1.3

De obicei stm acas, dar weekendul acesta ne vizitm bunicii. We usually stay at home, but this weekend we are visiting our grandparetns.
(aciune temporar- care stric un obicei)

1.4

Tu ntodeauna ridici vocea la noi cnd eti suprat! You are always shouting at us when you are angry!
(aciune enervant prin repetarea ei)

1.5

El devine din ce n ce mai speriat cnd se gndete la examene. He is getting more and more scared when he thinks of his exams.
(aciune n schimbare- include i momentul vorbirii)

Noi ne ntlnim la coal n fiecare joi. Wwe meet at school every Thursday.
(aciune repetat la anumite intervale)

Present Simple

2.1

Magazinul din col se deschide la 10, dar nchide la miezul nopii. The corner shop opens at 10, but it closes at midnight.
(programe fixe, stabilite de nite autoriti sau planuri de viitor oficiale)

2.2.

Dac o s mi dai banii la timp, te iert. If you give my money back on time, I will forgive you.
(n locul viitorului, n propoziii condiionale)

2.3

Cnd te vei ntoarce n ar, o s i dau maina mea. When you return in your home country, I will give you my car.
(n locul viitorului, n propoziii circumstaniale de timp)

2.4

Ea este medic i lucreaz la Spitalul Panduri. She is a doctor and works at Panduri Hospital.
(caracteristici generale)

2.5

Vulcanii polueaz atmosfera foarte mult.

Volcanoes pollute the atmosphere very much.

(adevruri general valabile)

Present Simple

2.6

Alb-ca-Zpada fuge i se ascunde n pdure. Snow White runs and hides herself in the forest.
(n locul trecutului care este timpul consacrat al povestirilor- pentru a face o poveste mai vie, mai impresionant)

Nu tiam unde locuiete mama lui. I did not know where his mother lived.
(aciuni simultane n trecut)

Past Simple

4.1

Cnd mi dai cartea napoi? When are you going to give my book back?
(intenie de viitor) (=cnd ai de gnd s mi dai....)

to-be-going-to Future

4.2

Plou n curnd; ia-uite ce nori negri sunt acolo! It is going to rain soon; look at those black clouds there!
(aciune despre care se nelege c va avea loc ntr-un viitor apropiat din cauza unor semne prezente)

5.1

O s-l nteb unde i petrece Patele viitor. I am going to ask him where he will spend next Easter
(aciune despre care se tie sigur c va avea loc n viitor)

Future Simple

5.2

i-e ru? i aduc un pahar cu ap! Are you feeling sick? I will give you a glass of water!
(reacie instantanee la un stimul prezent)

6.1

Noi nvm aici de 3 luni. We have been studying here for three months.
(aciune nceput cndva n trecut, continuat n prezent i care va mai dura nu se tie ct n viitor)

Present Perfect Continuous

6.2

Repar maina; de aceea sunt n salopet. I have been repairing my car; this is why I am in my overalls.
(aciune care face ca efectele n prezent s fie vizibile clar)

Mine pe vremea asta m uit la emisiunea mea preferat. Tomorrow at this time I will be watching my favourite TV show.
(aciune viitoare care va dura o perioad de timp i va fi n desf urare n acela i timp cu o alt ac iune din viitor)

Future Continuous

Termin coala pn-n var i apoi m angajez. Future Perfect I will have graduated (finished school) by summer and then I will get a Simple job.
(aciune viitoare care se va termina nainte de o alt aciune sau moment din viitor)

Le-am promis c m ntorc mai ncolo, dar am uitat. I promised them that I would come back later, but I forgot.

Future-in-the-Past Simple

(aciune trecut care va avea tot n trecut dup o alt aciune din trecut)

10

O s i dau banii napoi cnd m angajez i iau primul salariu. Present I will give your money back when I have got hired and I have taken my Simple first salary.
(aciune din viitor care trebuie s se termine nainte de a putea avea loc o alta tot din viitor- DAR se folose te PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE pentru c N ENGLEZ NU ARE VOI NICIUN VIITOR N PROPOZIIA CIRCUMSTANIAL DE TIMP) (= dup ce m-am angajat i am luat...)

Perfect

11.1

Nu tiam c ea ascult muzic n camera cealalt. I did not know that she was listening music in the other room.
(aciune n desfurare la un anumit moment din trecut)

Past Continuous

11.2

Mi-a spus c se duce la teatru n seara aceea, dar nu am crezut-o. She told me that she was going to the theatre that evening, but I did not believe her.
(plan individual de viitor povestit n trecut i referindu-se numai la trecut)

IMPERFECTUL ROMNESC
1.1

El a sosit cnd eu mncam. He arrived while I was eating something.

(aciune n desfurare la un anumit moment din trecut)

Past Continuous

1.2

Cnd locuia la noi, mereu asculta muzica foarte tare noaptea! When he lived at/with us, he was always listening to very loud music at night!
(aciune din trecut enervant prin repetarea ei)

2+3

l vedeam des cnd lucra la noi. I used to see him often when he worked with us.
(= obinuiam s l vd des....) + (moment sau aciune clar din trecut- care funcioneaz de obicei ca referin pentru alte aciuni legate de ele)

used to Past + Past Simple

Dac l credeam c are aa nevoie de bani, i-a fi dat. Past Perfect If I had believed him that he was in such a need for money, I would have Simple given it to him.
(= dac l-a fi crezut...)

Eu scriam deja de o or cnd a venit mama. I had already been writing for an hour when my Mom arrived.
(aciune din trecut care a avut loc o perioad de timp n trecut i s-a terminat nainte de o alt ac iune sau moment din trecut)

Past Perfect Continuous

Dac a fi tiut aa, nu m mai duceam. If I had known it, I would not have gone there anymore.
(=nu m-a mai fi dus...)

Past Conditional

PERFECTUL SIMPLU ROMNESC

a)

mi pare ru, spuse el. I am sorry, he said.

(aciune care a avut la un anumit moment n trecut despre care nu ne intereseaz ct a inut)

Past Simple

b)

Ea se duse la fereastr, privi maina i nu spuse nimic. She went to the window, looked at the car and did not say anything.
(povestire obinuit)

PERFECTUL COMPUS ROMNESC

1.1

Nu i-am spus adevrul sptmna trecut. I did not tell him the truth last week. (= 2 days ago, yesterday, then...)
(aciune care a avut la un anumit moment n trecut despre care nu ne intereseaz ct a inut)

Past Simple

1.2

El a venit n fug, a dat un telefon scurt i a plecat fr un cuvnt. He came running, made a short phone call and then he left without a word.
(povestire obinuit)

2.1

Nu i-am vzut de 2 ani. I have not seen them for 2 years. (never, since last December, lately, recenly...
(aciune cu durat neclar, dar care face legtura ntre trecut i prezent)

Present Simple

Perfect

2.3

El tocmai a semnat actele acelea. He has just signed those papers. (already, yet...)
(aciune fix ntre trecut i prezent, practic prnd c aparine de ambele din cauza adverbelor)

2.4

Ei au muncit din greu la proiectul acela pn acum. They have worked hard for that project until now. (= so far, till now, up to now,...)
(Aciune nceput cndva n trecut i care a durat pn n prezent)

i-am spus s ai grij, dar nu m-ai ascultat. I had told you to take care, but you did not listen to me.
(aciune din trecut care s-a terminat nainte de o alt aciune sau moment din trecut)

Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Continuous

L-am cutat ore ntregi nainte s-l gsesc. I had been looking for him for hours before I found him.
(aciune din trecut care a avut loc o perioad de timp n trecut i s-a terminat nainte de o alt ac iune sau moment din trecut)

MAI MULT CA PERFECTUL ROMNESC

i ddusem deja banii cnd ai venit tu. I had already given him the money when you came. Past Perfect Simple

(aciune din trecut care s-a terminat nainte de o alt aciune sau moment din trecut)

VIITORUL ROMNESC
1

Vom pleca mine la 7.15 cu avionul. We leave tomorrow at 7.15 by plane.

(programe fixe, stabilite de nite autoriti sau planuri de viitor oficiale)

Present Simple

O s trec mine pe la bunica, nu azi. I am visiting Granny tomorrow, not today.

(plan individual de viitor)

Present Continuous Future Simple + Present Perfect Simple to be about to Future Future-in-the-Past Simple Perfect

3+4

Ne vom lua diplomele imediat ce se va termina cursul. We will take our degrees as soon as the course has finished.
(aciune despre care se tie sigur c va avea loc n viitor) + (ac iune din viitor care trebuie s se termine nainte de a putea avea loc o alta tot din viitor- DAR se folose te PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE pentru c N ENGLEZ NU ARE VOI NICIUN VIITOR N PROPOZIIA CIRCUMSTAN IAL DE TIMP )

Voi intra imediat la director; vrei s-l mai ntreb ceva? I am about to see the director; do you want me to ask him anything more? (= sunt pe cale s intru la director...) Nu le-am spus c nu m voi mai ntoarce. I did not tell them that I would not come back anymore.
(aciune trecut care va avea loc tot n trecut dup o alt aciune din trecut)

Voi termina coala de oferi pn sptmna viitoare. Future I will have graduated the driving school by next week. (= tomorrow, in 2 years* Simple
time, then...) (aciune viitoare care se va termina naintea unei alte aciuni sau moment din viitor)

Mine pe vremea asta voi semna actele pentru maina cea nou. Tomorrow at this time I will be signing the papers for the new car.
(aciune viitoare care va dura o perioad de timp i va fi n desf urare n acela i timp cu o alt ac iune din viitor)

Future Continuous

9+10

I-am promis c voi srbtori 3 zile dup ce-i va da demisia, dar nu m-a Future-in-the-Past crezut pn nu m-a vzut. Continuous + Past I promised him that I would be celebrating for 3 days after he had Perfect Simple resigned, but he dis not believe me until he actually saw me doing it.
(aciune trecut care va avea loc pentru o perioad de timp tot n trecut dup o alt aciune din trecut) + (ac iune din trecut care s-a terminat nainte de o alt aciune din trecut)

11

Vezi c dac nu angajezi o bon mai repede, copilul tu va sta vreo 3 ore Future Perfect singur acas pn s vii tu de la serviciu. Continuous Take care that if you do not hire a baby- sitter soon enough, your child will have been staying home alone for about 3 hours by the time you come back from your job.
(aciune viitoare care va avea loc pentru o anumit perioad de timp i se va termina naintea unei alte ac iuni

viitoare)

12

Contractul va fi semnat (se va semna) n prezena a doi martori. The contract is to be signed when witnesses are present. (=urmeaz
semnat...)

to-be-to Future
sa fie

VIITORUL ANTERIOR ROMNESC

1+2

Voi fi terminat coala pn luna viitoare cnd m voi fi angajat la firma ta Future Perfect i le voi avea rezolvate pe toate. Simple + Present I will have finished school by next month when I have got a job at your Perfect Simple company and I will have everything settled.
(aciune viitoare care se va termina naintea unei alte ac iuni sau moment din viitor) + (ac iune din viitor care trebuie s se termine nainte de a putea avea loc o alta tot din viitor- DAR se folose te PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE pentru c N ENGLEZ NU ARE VOI NICIUN VIITOR N PROPOZI IA CIRCUMSTAN IAL DE TIMP)

Vezi c dac nu angajezi o bon mai repede, copilul tu va fi stat vreo 3 Future Perfect ore singur acas pn s vii tu de la serviciu. Continuous Take care that if you do not hire a baby- sitter soon enough, your child will have been staying home alone for about 3 hours by the time you come back from your job.
(aciune viitoare care va avea loc pentru o anumit perioad de timp i se va termina naintea unei alte ac iuni viitoare)

Uit-te la bietul om care nghea acolo; el va fi stat cel puin veo 2 ore n gar pe frigul sta s atepte trenul! Look at that poor man freezing there; he must have been waiting for at least 2 hours in this cold railway station for the train.
(= trebuie s fi stat....)

Modal Verb Perfect Continuous: Must have + been + vb.- ing