1/3 of Dutch Jews were killed in the Holocaust ART Jews in Netherlands were a minority ART Amsterdam was

neutral during the WWI and Otto and others thought that the Dutch would remain neutral in the WWII. Everyone shocked with the fast defeat of the Dutch. WEBSITE May 1940 Nazi invaded WEBSITE Jews have to registrar ART, rounded up Jews from countryside and brought them to Amsterdam to the ghetto =ghetto is overcrowded. MIEP Amsterdam has a tradition of religious toleration gets in the way of business. ME and ART This is way the Purtains or Pligrims first went to Amsterdam. ME In July 1942 deportations started in Amsterdam to Westerbork and then to camps in the east. Margo is called to work sending the family into hiding prematurely WESITE Anne received her diary one month before as a birthday present. She has already made several enteries. ME Risks of discovery increased when families hid together DOC BOOK Franks should have split

up to live instead of staying together and continuing to be a family DOC BOOK This is right, but hindsight is 20/20 and the Franks cannot be judged for not assessing the seriousness of the extermination camps as the true Nazi intentions were secret and many Jews were conflicted about what was true and what was rumor ME. We cannot put ourselves in their place when our safety, for most of us, has never been in danger. ME 2 ways to avoid deportation in the Netherlands: hiding or protected status from the Nazis. Hiding is the most popular. Protection is harder to obtain because Nazis chose German Jews. ART 1 in 5 Jews went into hiding ART Majority of Jews did not hide ART Hiding places very difficult to find; people scared MUSEUM Hiding more successful when families are broken up DOC BOOK Those in hiding were more successful when: they had money, they had to connections to Non-Jews

who they could trust and who they when they asked directly ART (Meip, Victor, Biep, etc), More successful when Jews prepared in advance with a place in mind before things got worse. ME Anne sees Jews rounded up on the streets later in the occupation ANNE, so as time passed hiding places and resources are running out ME and museum. Holocaust survivors high mental problems ART Liberal Jews have more connections to Non-Jews than more orthodox ART Employment also gained contacts with Non-Jews esp if the job is held by the head of the family ART Otto was a natural leader. Miep recalls that when an important decision had to be made everyone looks at him WEBSITE Jews called the Non-Jew assistance as Vitamin R meaning relationship ART Jan 1941 All Jews had to register ART Civil liberties taken away very slowly SPIEBURG movie Mainly men had jobs, but many died in a labor camp ART Wider social networking out of own social circles increases chances of survival during gencide or ethnic cleanings. German Jews could escape under protected status, but odds were found to be stronger when Jews had ties to Non-Jews ART It's all about who you know ME When Miep is in danger we are all in danger ANNE People are still good at heart ANNE wants to be a Dutch citizen so that means that the Franks are still Germans ANNE and ME so protected status was possible, but that would mean cooperating with the Nazis. ART and ME Anne reports they are listening to the BBC so that know the truth about the camps ANNE which maybe why Otto avoids working with the Nazis. ME Hitler in Mien Kampf outlines his plans for the Jews so it's possible that Otto distrusted any protection from the occupatiors. ME

Anne says that their hiding place is a paradise compared to others ANNE Anne says she wants to live beyond her death ANNE