Techniques to generate ideas: Pre-writing - Topic is announced. - Searching for ideas. - Writing first draft by students.

> Brainstorming > Listing > Quick write > Mind-mapping > Organizing ideas

> Drafting based on the earlier plan. Process Approach (Focussing on steps involved in creating a piece of work) Writing - Involving the aspects of free writing and peer feedback. - Emphasizing on the content and organization of works. > Feedback / conferencing Q&A questions by teacher and peers on their writing.

> Rewriting / revising improving the first draft by adding more ideas.
> Editing teacher gives oral feedback or comments it personally.

Publication - Sharing process of childrens final product with others. - Good step for children to be confidence with their own works and encourage them to do more writing. Ways of publishing students final product: - Publishing in class newsletter - Displaying on the bulletin board

Product Approach
~ Imitate model text ~ One draft ~ Organisation of ideas more important than ideas themselves ~ Emphasis on end product ~ Individual ~ Features highlighted including controlled practice of those features

1. Reading of model text and highlighting of genre features.

2. Controlling the practice of the highlighted features, usually in isolation.

3. Organisation of ideas.

4. The production of the end product by students.

Genre Approach
Providing the situation Preparation

Identifying the purpose

Modelling

Considering the genre

Planning

Brainstorming, clustering etc.

Joint constructing

Drafting

Independent constructing

Editing, responding & evaluation

Revising, and editing

Text

Text