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Watching the Nation, Singing the Nation:
London-based Filipino Migrants’ Identity Constructions inNews Reception and Karaoke
Jonathan Corpus OngPhD CandidateFaculty of Social and Political SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridge, United KingdomEmail:Jo296@cam.ac.ukMobile: +639175278094, +447442759754Submitted toICA Conference 2008Montreal
Biographical Notes
 
Jonathan Corpus Ong is a PhD Candidate in Sociology at Corpus ChristiCollege, University of Cambridge. He is one of only 100 students in the 2007 batchwith the prestigious Bill Gates Scholarship. He has an MSc in Politics andCommunication (Distinction) at the London School of Economics and PoliticalScience and a BA in Communication (Summa Cum Laude) at the Ateneo de ManilaUniversity. He has worked in top media organizations including the BBC, McCann-Erickson Philippines, and GMA Network. He is also a Lecturer in
Media and Globalization
at the Ateneo de Manila University. His PhD dissertation is entitled
Cosmopolitanism, Media and Morality: How Audiences Relate with Distant Others Inand Around the Media
. Fields of interest include: media ethics, media and migration,child/youth audiences, and mediated public participation.
Paper Abstract
This study explores the processes of identity construction of London-basedFilipinos within and across the media of news and karaoke. While news receptionstudies among migrant audiences have been popular, few research have been doneon the use of karaoke, and fewer still that examine both practices side-by-side. As astudy that bridges the “public knowledge project”, which studies news media, with the“popular culture project”, which studies entertainment media, I argue in this researchthat the seemingly innocent social practice of singing involves the raising and erasingof symbolic boundaries. As national identities are constantly flagged in everyday life(Billig 1995), I examine here how Filipino audiences negotiate their multipleattachments in both media practices. From participant observation and qualitativeinterviews, I discover that news reception generally enables both banal nationalismand banal
trans
nationalism, while karaoke functions more as a homeland-directed“high holiday.” Arguing against the notion that transnational media consumptionseamlessly lifts people out from their national context, I demonstrate how audiencesweave in and out of their loyalties to British and Filipino publics across the media of British news, Filipino news, and karaoke. This bottom-up exploration also shows thelink between rational and emotional engagement with the media, suggesting that it isin the most ecstatic moments of media consumption that Filipino migrants findthemselves reflecting, and reflecting on, their Filipino-ness.
Introduction
In March 2007, I visited the homes of Filipino migrants in London as part of the initial phase of my fieldwork. It was the first time that I myself had been away
 
from Manila for a significant period, and I was starved for news about the“homeland”, especially for updates on the May 2007 Philippine National Elections.Philippine Elections, as many commentators say, are best described ascarnivalesque, with the whole country thrown into frenzy from campaign road tours,catchy advertising jingles, and the literally star-studded lineup of celebrities-turned-politicos (Bionat 1998). I was then curious as to how such an occasion would qualifyas a kind of “media event” of ecstatic nationalism (Dayan & Katz 1992) for Filipinosliving away from the Philippines. And with 11% of the Philippine population livingabroad (“Stock Estimate”, 2006), I wanted to inquire into how this politically andeconomically significant community engage with homeland political affairs bywatching the news, learning about the candidates, and subsequently voting astransnational Filipino publics.While doing my interviews however, I found that news about the electionswas not closely monitored. Families did not readily gather around the television set,as I had thought. And talk about Philippine politics was either minimal or severelycritical, as Filipino migrants compared them to the more “systematic”, “sensible”, and“serious” politics of the British Parliament. Having satellite subscriptions to
TheFilipino Channel 
(TFC) then did not “magically transport” them to the homeland asengaged citizens indifferent to the politics of the host country—a view thatconservative thinkers, policy-makers, and even the media themselves assume(Madianou 2005a: 522; Aksoy & Robins 2000: 351). In short, I didn’t get a sense of 
ecstatic 
nationalism from their news watching at all.But, still listening and observing, I noted that Filipinos reflect on their Filipino-ness in their media practices from a variety of less extravagant, though notnecessarily humble, ways: commenting on British news media’s depictions of Filipinonurses, boasting about Filipino athletes winning international tournaments, claimingthe superiority of Filipino soap operas over “boring” British soaps, and others.My most interesting discovery though happened at a birthday party in arespondent’s apartment in Bromley-by-Bow, East London. The media were a big-screen television, two microphones, and a thick playlist of “local” and “foreign” songs.Singing karaoke, it seemed, was what brought Filipinos around the TV and, perhaps,was what brought them “home”. Karaoke, the migrants claimed, is a distinctly“Filipino practice”. “Only in the Philippines do you get shot for singing out of tune,”one said unabashedly, referring to a BBC report of a man killed in Manila after an off-key rendition of Frank Sinatra’s
My Way 
. And throughout such evenings, talk, gossip,and jokes about what it meant to be Filipino would draw both serious debate andbawdy laughs. The question whether such a practice could be called a “high holiday”
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