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International Inequality

+ Theories concerning international

inequality
Why are some nations rich and other nations poor?
-Modernization Theory: Higher-income nations are simply more "modern" due to certain cultural features Advantages that benefit higher income countries, with economic benefits according to culture Tied to Urbanization Nothing deliberate about the differences
-Dependency Theory: Higher-income nations create and enforce poverty in lower-income nations There are deliberate differences Colonial and corporate powers create the dependency Nations are like ppl and differ

+ Corporations and Dependency

Corporations might be thought of as organizing a new colonialism.

have powerful entities that act like colonial powers able to create forced dependency by controlling every aspect of their lives

Colonialism entails: Exploitation Forced dependency Jobs Consumer products LIC government and the corporations are both responsible for new colonialism: Governments make business-friendly environments Corporations influence regulatory environments Collusion case study: The Bhopal tragedy Chemical cloud was released from refinery and 2300 people died. 520 000 injured. Case stayed in India since there is no class action suit in India. Resulting in Union carbide India

+ International Inequality and World Hunger

Dependency theory suggests that hunger and starvation in lower- income nations is a result of food-related policies in higher- income nations Agriculture in LIC's has been taken over by HIC's corporations LIC's agricultural products are delivered to the "global supermarket LIC's grow luxury crops that can command highest prices and highest profits outbid for the food in their own countries by higher-income countries Thus, LIC inhabitants starve in the midst of food that they are not able to purchase.

+ A few words on demography

"Demography" defined The study of population, organize census (a kind of survey distinct from all surveys to get info from/on everyone in the population) Units of analysis Household smallest unit and level of aggregation Municipality (towns and cities) CA/CMA; MSA/CMSA Province/State/Canton/Prefecture etc. sub-federal Nation

Some important "population parameters

Size Fertility Crude Birth Rate Mortality Crude Death Rate Natural Growth Rate: CBR-CDR Infant Mortality Rate Life Expectancy Migration = moving in and out of provinces Immigration = moving into a country Emigration = moving out of

Population Trends
The two most It's increasing It's urbanizing

important trends in world population: