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TrSwf(4)? Atmufwdkbmv 2009 CkeSpf
ဖြံ႕ၿဖိဳးမႈ၊ ေမာ္ဒန္ႏိုက္ေဇးရွင္းႏွင့္ ဒီမိုကေရစီ (သိုက္ႏိုင္၀င္း)
24
trSwf(3)? {jyDv 2009 ckeSpf
tvif;&eH@
*sme,f
ed'gef;ed'gef;ed'gef;ed'gef;ed'gef;1980 vGefESpfrsm;ESifh 1990 vGefESpfrsm;twGif; jzpfay:cJhaom urBmEdkifiHtrsm;tjym;. 'Drd kua&pDjyKjyifajymif;vJr_vufawG @jzpfpOfrsm;t& tm%m&SifpepfrS
'Drdkua&pDpepfodk@ ul;ajymif;&mvrf;onf &SKyfaxG;=urf;wrf;+yD; toGifo¾mefvnf;pHkvifvSygonf? tm%m&Sifpepfudk zsufodrf;a&; [lo!fh wlnDaom &nfrSef;csufatmifjrif&eftwGuf Ed kifiHwpfckcsif;pDwGif rwluG Jjym;aom awmfvSefa&;rsm;ESif h vlxk
v_yf&Sm;r_rsm; &S dcJh=uonf? TjzpfpOftwGif; tqdkygEk difiHrsm;onfwlnDaom yef;wd kif
wpfckodk@ a&muf&Sd&ef rwluGJjym;aom vrf;a=umif;toD;oD;udk jzwfoef;cJh=u&onf?
xd kjzpfpOftwGif; Ed kifiHtoD;oD;u ‚if;wd k @. oD;jcm; xl;jcm;r_wd k @ESif htnDrwluG Jjym;aom
vrf;a=umif;toD;oD;tm; jzwfoef;cJ h=u&aomfvnf; tajymif;tvJtwGuftm%m&Sif
tpdk;&wd k @tay: =oZmoufa&mufEd kifa&;}udK;yrf;=u&mwGifvlxkv_yf&Sm;r_. tcef;u¾
rSm aomhcsuf=uvSayonf? ynm&Siftrsm;tjym;u xd kEd kifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm; (0g) vlxk
v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tm; 'Drd kua&pDawmfvSefa&;rsm;
''democratic revolutions''
[kowfrSwf
cJ h=uonf? ,ae@umvY 'Drd kua&pDa&;v_yf&Smr_rsm; tm;aumif;+yD; w&m;0ifr_&&S dvm
um r[ef @wm;Edkifo!f hurB mha&pD;a=umif;wpfckozG,fjzpfvmcJ honf? od k @aomfvnf;
tjynfht0 atmifjrifr_&+yD[k rqdkEdkifao;ay? jrefrmEkdifiHuJhodk@ ydkrdk&ufpufaomtm%m&Sifrsm; tkyfpd k;o!f hEd kifiHrsm;wGifvlxkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;onfjyif;xefaom wefjyef
ckcHr_rsm;ESif hqufvuf&ifqdkifae&qJjzpfonf? xd k @a=umif htm%m&SifpepfrS'Drd kua&pD
pepfodk@ ul;ajymif;a&;wGif (txl;ojzifh toGiful;ajymif;a&;t}udKumvwGif) vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;. tcef;u¾ESifhywfoufI qef;ppfavhvm&efoifcef;pmrsm;xkwf,l&ef
txl;ta&;}uD;vSayonf?od k@jzpfI ,ckpmwrf;i,fwGifpma&;olonf tm%m&SifpepfrS'Drdkua&pDpepf
od k @ ul;ajymif;oGm;aom yd kvefESif hzdvpfyd kifEd kifiHwd k @wGif}uHKawG @cJ h&onf h toGiful;ajymif;
a&; t}udKumvtwGif;&S dvlxkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;ESif h1988 jrefrm'Drd kua&pDa&;v_yf&Sm;r_}uD;
tm; Ed _if;,SOfavhvmxm;ygonf? xd k @tjyif,if;vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_(3)ck. wlnDr_/ rwluG Jjym;
'Drd kua&pDtoGiful;ajymif;a&;jzpfpOfwGif
vlxkv+yf&S m;r+rsm; ta&;ygr+
atmifrd k;aZmf
25
trSwf(3)? {jyDv 2009 ckeSpf
tvif;&eH@
*sme,f
r_ESif h‚if;v_yf&Sm;rsm;twGif;rS xkwf,loif honf hoifcef;pmrsm;tm; od&S dEd kif&efatmufyg
ar;cGef; (3)cktm; }udK;pm;I tajz&Sm qef;ppfxm;ygonf?
•
yd kvefEd kifiH/ zdvpfyd kifEd kifiHESif hjrefrmEk difiHwd k @. vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;onftoGiful;ajymif;
a&;t}udKumvwGif(od k@r[kwf) toGiful;ajymif;a&;t}udKumvtm; jzpfay:vm
aponf haomhcsufusaom umvwd kwpfckwGifrnfr#ta&;}uD;aom tcef;u¾
rsm;jzifhtoGiful;ajymif;a&;jzpfpOftm; taxmuftuljyKcJhoenf;?
•
xdkEd kifiHrsm;. vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tm; vlxktajcjyKvlr_tzGJ @tpnf;rsm; (0g) t&yf
zufvlr_tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u rnfodk@ yhHydk;ulnDcJh=uoenf;?
•
yd kvefEd kifiHESif hzdvpfyd kifEd kifiHwd k @. vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;. atmifjrifr_rsm;tay: rnfonf h
ta=umif;t&mtcsuftvufrsm;u=oZmoufa&mufcJ hygoenf;? od k @aomf1988
jrefrmh'Drd kua&pDawmfvSefa&;}uD; tqH k;pGefaom atmifjrifr_r&&S dcJ hjcif;rSm tb,f
a=umifhenf;?yd kvefEd kifiHwGifaphpyfn‡ dE_ dif;aqG;aEGyG Jrsm; rpwifrS Djyif;xefaom tk HºuGr_rsm;ESif h
qENjyr_rsm;jzif hqufwdkuf}uHKawG @cJ honf/ xd k @twlzdvpfyd kifEd kifiHwGifvnf; tkyfpd k;olrsm;
Ed kifiHa&;e,fy,fu rqkwfcGmciftvm;wljzpf&yfrsm;jzif h&ifqdkifcJ h&onf? od k @aomfjrefrm
Ed kifiHY jzpfyGm;cJ haom qENjytk HºuGr_rsm;u ,if;Ed kifiHrsm;uJ hodk @ toGiful;ajymif;a&;t}udK
umv tajctaersm;ud kwd k;wufjzpfay:apjcif; r&S dcJ hay? Tpmwrf;wGiftkyfpd k;oltm%m
&Sifrsm;jzpfap od k @wnf;r[kwfvlxkv_yf&Sm;r_jzpfap ±H _;ES drf hoGm;Ek difrnf htoGiful;ajymif;a&;
t}udKumvESif h ,if;tcsdefumv. ta&;ygr_udkqef;ppfwifjyxm;ygonf?
Tumvrsm;wGif tm%m&Siftpdk;&rsm;onf ppfwyf/ &J/ tusOf;axmifESif h
axmufvSrf;a&;tzG J @ rsm;tm; tok H;jyKI 'Drd kua&pDa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tm; t=uyfud kifjcif;/
&uf&ufpufpufzdES dyfjcif;rsm;jzif htajctaet&yf&yftm; ud kifwG,fxdef;csKyfEd kif&efwefjyef
'Drdkua&pDv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tm; zefwD;=uygonf? ,if;uJhodk@aomtajctaeESifh tcsdefumvrsdK;wGif r=umc%qd kovdk tkyfpd k;olrsm;ESif h vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;t=um; jyif;xef
aom wd kufyG Jrsm; jzpfavh&S d=uonf? xd kwk dufyG Jrsm;ESif h,if;wd k @. ±_yfaxG;r_rsm;onftkyfpd k;
olrsm;t=um;Yvnf;aumif;/ vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_ t0ef;t0dkif;rsm;twGif;Yvnf;aumif;tajymif;tvJwpfckckud kjyKvkyfEk dif&efqH k;jzwfcsufcs& cufonf hab;=uyfeH=uyftajc
taersm;ESifh &ifqdkif&avh&Sdonf? Ttcsdefonf 'Drdkua&pDv_yf&Sm;olrsm;ESifh ydkae+rJusm;ae+rJtajctaeud kckcHolrsm; (0g) tkyfpd k;olrsm; ESpfzufpvH k;twGufta&;}uD;aom
tcd sef/ tqkH;tjzwfay;rnfh tcsdefjzpfygonf?
xd k @a=umif hTpmwrf;i,fu (1) vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;onftm%m&Siftpd k;&rsm;
tm; tqk H;owfz,f&Sm;Ed kifa&;twGuf tqk H;tjzwfay;aom tcef;u¾wGifwnf&Sd+yD;
(2) vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;taejzifhvnf; oefrmtm;aumif;I t&nftaoG;jynfhaom
26
trSwf(3)? {jyDv 2009 ckeSpf
tvif;&eH@
*sme,f
tajctaersdK; (enf;vrf;a&G;cs,fr_ESifh enf;y&d,m,f ºuG,f0r_rsm;/ tcsdeftcgESifhtajctaetm; rSefrSefuefuef tuJjzwftoH k;csEdkifr_) wGifom 'Drd kua&pD toGiful;
ajymif;a&;udk pwifEdkifonfh awG@qkHaqG;aEG;r_rsm;udk jzpfay:aprnf[k okH;oyfwifjyxm;ygonf?azmfjyyg qef;ppfcsufoHk;oyfcsufrsm;tm; &Sif;vif;Ekdif&efTpmwrf;i,ftm;
tydkif;(4)ydkif; cG JI wifjyxm;ygonf? yxrydkif;wGif rwluGJjym;aom Ek difiHrsm;&S d vlxk
v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;. tcef;u¾rsm;ESifh‚if;wd k @. armif;ESiftm;rsm;/ tm;aumif;aom vlxk
v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;ESif htkyfpd k;olrsm; }uKHawG @&aom ab;=uyfeH=uyfjzpfr_rsm;ud k avhvmwifjy
xm;ygonf? 'kwd,yd kif;wGifvlxkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;. oabmobm0ESif h tajccHta=umif;
&if;rsm;jzifh ydkvefESifh zdvpfydkifEkdifiHrsm;wGif jzpfyGm;cJhaom toGiful;ajymif;a&;t}udK umvtajctaersm;ESifh jrefrmhvlxkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;udk tuJcwfwifjyxm;ygonf?wwd,ydkif;wGif jrefrmEdkifiHwGif jzpfyGm;cJhaom 1988 'Drdkua&pDa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;udktusOf;csKyfazmfjyxm;+yD;/ pwkxœ yd kif;wGifyd kvefESif hzdvpfyd kifEd kifiHrsm;. tawG @t}uHKrsm;
ESif hjrefrmhtajctaeud kESKdif;,SOfavhvmxm;ygonf? xd kod k @ a,bl,s ESKdif;,SOfavhvmr_u
toGiful;ajymif;a&; rvG JraoGjzpfvmonf htcsdefESif htajctaeud kqef;ppfxm;ygonf?
xd k@tjyifEd kifiHa&;/ vlr_a&;/ ,Ofaus;r_ESif hbmoma&;qd kif&m tajctae tcsuftvuf/
(Space and Place)
rsm;onf oufqdkif&m EdkifiHtoD;oD;. vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tm;aumif;a&;twGuftajccHusaom aemufcHtjcif;t&mrsm; (0g) tajccHtkwfjrpf
rsm; jzpfEd kifonf[lonf hed*H k;csKyfcsuftm;vnf; wifjyxm;ygonf?
1? vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;.tcef;u¾ESif htoGiful;ajymif;a&;t}udKumv
ab;=uyfeH=uyftajctae
toGiful;ajymif;a&;umvjzpfap/ toGiful;ajymif;a&;umvvGeftajctae
odk @jzpfap a&muf&Sdae=uaom Ed kifiHtm;vk H;eD;yg;onftoGiful;ajymif;a&;t}udKumv
tqifhwGifqENjyjcif;/ uef @uGufjcif;/ csDwufjcif;ESif htk HºuGjcif;rsm;ud kawG @}uKHcJ h&onf?
zdvpfydkifEdkifiH. jynfol@tm%mawmfvSefa&;
"people power revolt"
onf 1986ckESpfwGif rm;udk@pf tpdk;&udk jzKwfcscJhonf? xdkawmfvSefa&;. aºuG;a=umfoH “awmfavmuf+yD/ igwdk@tajymif;tvJudk vdkcsifonf”
Enough is enough. We want achange
rSm tm&SwcGifvk H;Y yJ hwifoHvd _ifcJ hygonf? yd kvefaoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;v_yf&Sm;
r_u 1988-89 ckESpfaESmif;yd kif;wGifwd kif;jynftm; 'Drdkua&pDtoGiful;ajymif;a&;qDod k @
OD;wnfoGm;apcJh+yD; ta&S@Oa&mywcGifvkH;okd@ yJhwifxyfcJhygonf? [efwifwef
Huntington
u xdkodk@aom tjzpftysufrsm;tm; “qENjyr_yJhwifjcif; (0g) qENjyr_
of 00
0304
ဒီမိုကေရစီအသြင္ကူးေျပာင္း ေရးျဖစ္စဥ္တြင္ လူထုလႈပ္ရွားမႈမ်ားအေရးပါမ ႈ (ေအာင္မိုးေဇာ္)
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| Upload Date: | 07/13/2009 |
| Copyright: | Attribution Non-commercial |
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