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PATENT
1.INTRODUCTION :
A Patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by astateto an inventor or his assignee for afixed period of timein exchange for a disclosure of aninvention. The procedure for granting patents, the requirements placed on the patentee and the extent of the exclusive rights vary widely between countries according to national laws andinternational agreements. Typically, however, a patent application must include one or moreclaimsdefining the invention which must benew,inventive,andusefulor industrially applicable.In many countries, certain subject areas are excluded from patents, such as business methods and mental acts. The exclusive right granted to a patentee in most countriesis the right to prevent or exclude others from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing the invention.Patent usually refers to a right granted to anyone who invents or discovers any new anduseful process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new anduseful improvement thereof. The additional qualification utility patents is used in countriessuch as the United States to distinguish them from other types of patents but should not beconfused with utility models granted by other countries. Examples of particular species of  patents for inventions include biological patents, business method patents, chemical patentsand software patents.some other types of intellectual property rights are referred to as patents in some jurisdictions: industrial design rights are called design patents in some jurisdictions (they protect the visual design of objects that are not purely utilitarian), plant breeders' rights aresometimes called plant patents, and utility models or Gebrauchsmuster are sometimes called
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 petty patents or innovation patents. This article relates primarily to patent for an invention,although so-called petty patents and utility models may be granted for inventions.
1.1The following are not patentable as per the patent laws :
1.An invention contrary to laws of nature like gravitational force etc.2.An invention contrary to laws of laws of public health & morality like toxic drugs.3.Mere discovery of scientific principles or abstract theories.4.Mere discovery of any new property or new use for known substance or mere use of known process or machine.5.Substance obtained by mere ad mixture – no new product.6.Mere arrangement or rearrangement of known devices working independently.7.A method for agriculture & horticulture8.A mathematical or business method or a computer program.9.More scheme or rule or method of performing mental act or method of playing game.10.Method of treatment of animal or human beings.11.An invention relating to traditional knowledge. (traditional drugs)12.An invention relating to atomic energy.
An invention if already known to public or is in use is not patentable
An invention if already patented any where any where in world is not patentable.
If any patent application has been filed prior than your application for the same invention.
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1.2Types and categories of patent : 
 
1.2a Metabolite patents :
The brand-name companies have listed and sued generic companies for infringement of metabolite patents. A metabolite is the chemical compound into which a patient’s bodymetabolizes or converts the active ingredient of a drug product. Often the metabolite, rather than the active ingredient itself, produces the drug’s therapeutic effect in the body. Only patients, and not the generic applicant, can directly infringe a metabolite patent; they do so byingesting the approved drug product and then metabolizing it into the claimed compound.Typically, the patentee charges that the generic applicant will induce or contribute to theinfringement of the metabolite patent by selling its drug to patients who then metabolize.A brand-name company appropriately may list patents claiming metabolites or the use of metabolites in the Orange Book could be clarified through FDA regulation or guidance.
1.2b
 Polymorph Patents :
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