Chuong - 4 - Dieu Che PDF

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu
19-02-2011
1
Chng 4:
19-02-2011
2
Chng 4: TN HIEU IEU CHE
I. ieu che lien tuc:
1. Khai niem.
2. ieu che bien o.
3. ieu che goc.
II. Ri rac tn hieu.
III. ieu che xung.
19-02-2011
3
I. ieu che lien tuc:
1.Khai niem: S o khoi mot he thong thong tin:
Nguon
tin
Bien oi tin
tc-tn hieu
May phat:
ieu che.
Khuech ai.
Ant phat.
Transmitter
Nhan
tin
Bien oi tin
tc-tn hieu
May thu:
Ant thu
Khuech ai.
Giai ieu che.
Receiver
19-02-2011
4
1. Khai niem (tt):
Tn hieu song mang trong ieu che lien tuc:
0
( ) ( ) : y t YCos t = O +
Y, O va
0
la cac hang so.
Tn hieu sau khi ieu che:
( ) ( ) ( ) y t Y t Cos t u =
Y(t): bien o tc thi, u(t) la goc pha tc thi.
( )
( )
d t
t
dt
u
O =
Tan so goc tc thi
1 ( )
( )
2
d t
f t
dt
u
t
=
Tan so tc thi
19-02-2011
5
1. Khai niem (tt):
ieu che bien o (AM:
Amplitude Modulation)
( ) 2 ( ) ( ) t f t dt t dt u t = = O
} }
0
( ) ( ) ( ) y t Y t Cos t = O +
( ) ( ) y t YCos t u =
ieu che goc (PM: Phase
Modulation)
19-02-2011
6
I. ieu che lien tuc (tt):
2. ieu che bien o:
a.AM-SC (DSB-SC: Double
Side Banel Suppressed
Carrier.
b.Giai ieu che.
19-02-2011
7
2. ieu che bien o:
a. AM-SC (DSB-SC):
( ) ( ) ( )
AM SC
y t x t Cos t
= O
0
1& 0 Y = =
| |
1
( ) ( ) ( )
2
AM SC
Y X X e e e
= O + + O
x(t) la tn hieu cong suat trung bnh hu han,tan so thap
va co be rong pho trong khoang (e
min
e
max
)
| |
1
( ) ( ) ( )
4
AM SC x x
e e e
= O + + O
19-02-2011
8
a. AM-SC (DSB-SC) (tt):
Tn hieu song mang
Tn hieu ieu che
Tn hieu sau khi
c ieu che
19-02-2011
9
( ) x t
( )
AM SC
y t
( )
AM SC
f

f
t
t
19-02-2011
10
min
e
max
e
min
e
max
e
e
( )
x
e
0
0
e
0
min
e O
max
e O+
O O
( )
y
e
0
4
max
e O
max
e O+
19-02-2011
11
Bang thong tn hieu y
AM-SC
(t) (Be rong pho cua tn hieu sau
ieu che):
max
2
AM SC
BW e
=
e
max
la tan so ln nhat cua tn hieu x(t)
Cong suat tn hieu AM-SC:
1
2
AM SC
y x
P P
=
19-02-2011
12
Tao tn hieu y
AM-SC
(t):
x
x(t)
y
AM-SC
(t)
( ) Cos t O
(Song mang cao tan)
Giai ieu che (tach song ong bo):
( ) ( ) ( )
g AM SC
y t y t Cos t
= O
2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
g
y t x t Cos t Cos t x t Cos t = O O = O
1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) (2 )
2 2
g
y t x t x t Cos t = + O
19-02-2011
13
Giai ieu che (tt):
| |
1 1
( ) ( ) ( 2 ) ( 2 )
2 16
yg x x x
e e e e = + O + O
min
e
max
e
min
e
max
e
e
( )
yg
e
0
0
4
0
16
2 O
2O
19-02-2011
14
V du 1: Cho tn hieu x(t) = Cos(2t10
3
t). ieu che AM-
SC tin hieu tren vi song mang co tan so f = 10
4
Hz.
i. Ve tn hieu x(t) va y
AM-SC
(t).
ii. Xac nh X(e),
x
(e), Y
AM-SC
(e) va
AMSC
(e).
iii. Tm cong suat cua x(t) va y
AM-SVC
(t).
3
( ) (2 10 ) x t Cos t t =
Giai:
i. Ve x(t) va y
AMSC
(t):
3 4
( ) ( ) (2 ) (2 10 ) (2 10 )
AMSC
y t x t Cos ft Cos t Cos t t t t = =
19-02-2011
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i.Ve x(t) va y
AMSC
(t):
x(t)
1
t
(ms)
-1
0
1 2
1
-1
0
t
(ms)
1ms : 10 dao ong
( )
AM SC
y t

19-02-2011
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ii.Xac nh X(e),
x
(e), Y
AM-SC
(e) va
AMSC
(e). :
3
( ) (2 10 ) x t Cos t t =
3 4
( ) (2 10 ) (2 10 )
AMSC
y t Cos t Cos t t t =
( ) ( )
3 3
( ) 2 10 2 10 X e to e t to e t = + +
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 4 3 4
3 4 3 4
( ) 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10
2
2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10
2
AMSC
Y
t
e o e t t o e t t
t
o e t t o e t t
(
= + +

(
+ + + + +

3
2 10 t
e
( ) X e
0
t
3
2 10 t
19-02-2011
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ii.Xac nh X(e),
x
(e), Y
AM-SC
(e) va
AMSC
(e). :
e
0
4
2 10 t
( )
AMSC
Y e
2
t
4
2 10 t
4 3
2 (10 10 ) t
4 3
2 (10 10 ) t +
4 3
2 (10 10 ) t
4 3
2 (10 10 ) t +
x(t) la tn hieu tuan hoan:
3
0 0
( ) 2 ( ); 2 10 ( / )
n
n
X X n rad s e t o e e e t
+
=
= =

19-02-2011
18
ii.Xac nh X(e),
x
(e), Y
AM-SC
(e) va
AMSC
(e) (tt):
So sanh vi bieu thc X(e) tren ta co:
( )
0 0 0
( ) 2 ( ) ( )
n
n
X X n e t o e e to e e to e e
+
=
= = + +
1
: 1
2
0: 2, 3,...
n
n
X n
X n
= =
= =
3
2 10 t
e
n
X
0
1
2
3
2 10 t
0
( ) 2 ( )
x n
n
n e t o e e
+
=
=
2
1
: 1
4
0:
n n
n
X
n
= =

( ) ( )
3 3
( ) 2 10 2 10
2
x
t
e o e t o e t
(
= + +

19-02-2011
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ii.Xac nh.
AMSC
(e) (tt):
Tng t nh tren ta co:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 3
1 1
3 4 3 4
3 4 3 4
( ) 2 ( 2 10 ) ( 2 10 )
2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10
2
2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10
2
AMSC nAMSC
n
Y Y n n e t o e t e o e t e
t
o e t t o e t t
t
o e t t o e t t
+
=
( = + +

(
= + +

(
+ + + + +

4
1
1
: 1
; 2 10
4
0:
nAMSC
n
Y
n
e t
= =

19-02-2011
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ii.Xac nh.
AMSC
(e) (tt):
3 4 3 4
3 4 3 4
( ) ( 2 10 2 10 ) ( 2 10 2 10 )
8
( 2 10 2 10 ) ( 2 10 2 10 )
8
AMSC
t
e o e t t o e t t
t
o e t t o e t t
( = + +

( + + + + +

e
0
4
2 10 t
( )
AMSC
e
8
t
4
2 10 t
4 3
2 (10 10 ) t
4 3
2 (10 10 ) t +
4 3
2 (10 10 ) t
4 3
2 (10 10 ) t +
19-02-2011
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iii. Xac nh P
x
va P
y
:
2 2
2 1 1 1
2 2 2
x n
n
P X
+
=
| | | |
= = + =
| |
\ . \ .
2
2 1 1
4
4 4
AMSC
y AMSC
n
P Y
+
=
| |
= = =
|
\ .
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 4
AMSC
y x
P P = = =
19-02-2011
22
2. ieu che bien o:
a. AM (Amplitude Modulation):
Tach song hnh bao:
| |
( ) ( ) ( )
AM
y t A x t Cos t = + O
ieu kien e tach song khong b meo trong mach tach
song hnh bao la:
{ }
max ( ) ; ( ) 0 A x t x t > <
Mat o pho cong suat cua tn hieu AM:
| |
| |
2
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1
( ) ( )
4
AM
y
x x
A t
e o e o e
e e
= O + + O
+ O + + O
19-02-2011
23
b. AM (Amplitude Modulation) (tt):
x(t)
y
AM
(t)
t
0
| |
( ) (2 10 ); ( ) 2 ( ) (2 100 )
AM
x t Sin t y t x t Sin t t t = = +
A = 2
Max|x(t)|
x(t)<0
19-02-2011
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e
0
2
2 10 t
( )
AM
Y e
2
t
2
2 10 t
2
2 (10 10) t
2
2 (10 10) t +
2
2 (10 10) t
2
2 (10 10) t +
t
19-02-2011
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Tao tn hieu y
AM
(t):
x
x(t)
y
AM-SC
(t)
( ) Cos t O
+
( ) ACos t O
y
AM
(t)
Giai ieu che:Tach song hnh bao
Diode
R
C
Loc
u
C
(t) = x(t)
+
-
+
-
y
AM
(t)
19-02-2011
26
Hieu suat nang lng: So vi ieu che AM_SC th hieu
suat cua ieu che AM thap hn.
% 100%
b
y
P
k
P
=
P
b
la cong suat trung bnh cac dai ben.
P
y
la cong suat toan bo tn hieu AM
2
2
1
2
% 100% 100%
1 1
2 2
x
x
x
x
P
P
k
A P
A P
= =
+
+
19-02-2011
27
ac biet neu ieu che AM la ieu che ieu hoa:
| | | |
( ) ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) ( )
AM
y t A aCos t Cos t A mCos t Cos t e e = + O = + O
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
% 100% 100%
1
2
2
mA
m
k
m
A mA
= =
+
+
a
m
A
= He so ieu che hay la o sau ieu che
Be rong pho tn hieu bang thong:
_
2
AM SC AM Max
B B e = =
19-02-2011
28
I.ieu che lien tuc (tt):
3.ieu che goc PM&FM:
Bien o khong oi con goc pha thay oi theo x(t).
Tn hieu ieu che goc co dang tong quat:
{ }
( ) ( ) y t YCos t u =
Tuy theo s phu thuoc cua goc pha tc thi ma ta
phan chia tn hieu ieu che goc lam hai loai:
ieu pha PM:
0
( ) ( )
PM p
t t k x t u = O + +
O la tan so song mang,
0
pha ban au va k
p
la hang so
t le.
19-02-2011
29
3. ieu che goc PM&FM (tt):
ieu tan FM:
0
( ) ( )
FM f
t t k x t dt u = O + +
}
O la tan so song mang,
0
pha ban au va k
f
la hang so
t le.
Nhan xet: Trong ieu che PM va FM goc pha u(t) eu
phu thuoc vao tn hieu x(t).
Thong thng cho
0
= 0;
o lech pha: La o lech tuyet oi cc ai cua
goc pha tn hieu ieu che so vi goc pha cua song
mang:
max
( ) t u u A = O
19-02-2011
30
o lech tan so: La o lech tuyet oi cc ai
cua tan so tc thi cua tn hieu ieu che so vi tan
so cua song mang:
max
( ) t AO = O O
max
( )
2
f f t f
t
AO
A = =
max
max
( )
( )
PM p
FM f
k x t
k x t dt
u
u
A =
A =
}
{ }
max
max
( )
( )
PM p
FM f
d x t
k
dt
k x t u
AO =
A =

19-02-2011
31
{ }
( ) d x t
dt
FM
x(t)
y
PM
(t)
( ) x t dt
}
PM
x(t)
y
FM
(t)
Tn hieu y
PM
(t) co c bang cach ieu che FM vi phan
tin hieu x(t).
Tn hieu y
FM
(t) co c bang cach ieu che PM tch
phan tin hieu x(t).
19-02-2011
32
a. ieu pha PM:
( ) cos[ ( )]
PM p
y t Y t k x t = O +
[ ( )] ( )
( )
p p
j t k x t jk x t
j t
PM
Z t Ye Ye e
O +
O
= =
( ) 1:
PM p
Max
k x t u A =
PM dai hep
( ) [1 ( )]
j t
PM p
Z t Ye jk x t
O
~ +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
PM p
y t YCos t Yk x t Cos t
t
~ O + O +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
PM p
y t YCos t Yk x t Sin t ~ O + O
a. ieu pha PM:
[ ( )] ( )
( )
p p
j t k x t jk x t
j t
PM
Z t Ye Ye e
O +
O
= =
PM dai hep:
19-02-2011
33
a. ieu pha PM (tt):
PM dai hep:
Pho cua tn hieu PM:
| |
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
PM
p
Y Y Y
Y
k X X
j
e to e to e
e e
= O + + O
O + + O
( )
| |
2
2
( ) ( ) ( )
2
( ) ( )
4
PM
p
x x
Y
Y
Yk
t
e o e to e
e e
= O + + O
+ O + + O
19-02-2011
34
a. ieu pha PM (tt):
PM dai hep (tt): Cach tao tn hieu PM dai hep
AM-SC
2
t
+
cos( ) Y t O
( ) YSin t O
p
k
( ) x t
( ) ( )
p
Yk x t Sin t O
( )
PM
y t
Bang thong tn hieu PM dai hep:
2
PM Max
BW e =
19-02-2011
35
a. ieu pha PM (tt):
PM dai rong:
( ) cos[ ( )]
PM p
y t Y t k x t = O +
[ ( )] ( )
( )
p p
j t k x t jk x t
j t
PM
Z t Ye Ye e
O +
O
= =
Xet x(t) = Xsin(e
0
t):
max
( )
PM p p
k x t k X u A = =
0 0
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
p p
jk XSin t jk Sin t
j t j t
PM
Z t Ye e Ye e
e u e A
O O
= =
0
( ) ( )
( )
jn t j t
PM n
n
n
Z t Ye J e
J
e
u
u
+
O
=
= A
Ham Bessel loai 1 cap n

19-02-2011
36
a. ieu pha PM (tt):
PM dai rong (tt):
0
( )
( ) ( )
j n t
PM n
n
Z t Y J e
e
u
+
O+
=
= A
0
( ) ( ) ( )
PM n
n
y t Y J Cos n t u e
+
=
= A O+
Tnh chat ham Bessel:

( ) ( ) :
( ) ( ) :
n n
n n
J J
J J
u u
u u
A = A
A = A
n chan
n le
0 1 0 0
2 0 0
( ) { ( ) ( ) ( )[ ( ) ( )]
( )[ ( 2 ) ( 2 )] ............}
PM
y t Y J Cos t J Cos Cos
J Cos Cos
u u e e
u e e
= A O + A O+ O
+ A O+ O +
19-02-2011
37
a. ieu pha PM (tt):
PM dai rong (tt):
y
PM
(t) co pho Y
PM
(e) vo han nen goi la PM dai rong.
Bang thong PM dai rong:
0
2( 2)
PM PM
BW u e = A +
Khi
10 u A >
0
2
PM PM
BW u e = A
e
0
( )
PM
e
O O
0
3e O
0
3e O+
0
2e O+
19-02-2011
38
a. ieu pha PM (tt):
V du:
Cho tn hieu tin tc x(t) va tan so song ieu che f
c
= 6Hz,
c ieu che PM, k
p
= 10.Ve tn hieu x(t) va y
PM
(t):
( ) (2 2 ) x t Cos t t =
t 0
x(t)
y
PM
(t)
19-02-2011
39
b. ieu tan FM :
Bieu thc tn hieu FM:
( ) ( )
FM f
y t YCos t k x t dt
(
= O +

}
( )
( )
f
j t k x t dt
FM
Z t Ye
(
O +
(

}
=
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
FM f
FM f
t t k x t dt
t k x t
u
= O +
O = O+
}
Pha tc thi
Tan so tc thi
max
max
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
FM f
FM f
t k x t dt
t k x t
u
A =
AO =
}
o lech pha
o lech tan so
19-02-2011
40
a. ieu tan FM (tt):
Nhan xet:
Trong tn hieu PM tn hieu tin tc lam thay oi trc tiep
pha tc thi va s thay oi o keo theo s thay oi cua
tan so tc thi.
Trong tn hieu FM tn hieu tin tc lam thay oi tan so tc
thi va s thay oi nay keo theo s thay oi cua pha tc
thi.
Trong tn hieu FM pha tc thi t le vi tch phan cua tn
hieu tin tc x(t).
Trong tn hieu PM pha tc thi t le trc tiep vi x(t).
max
2
FM
BW e =
Dai hep
0
2( 2)
FM FM
BW u e = A +
Dai rong
19-02-2011
41
a. ieu pha FM (tt):
V du: Cho tn hieu tin tc x(t) va tan so song ieu che f
c
= 6Hz, c ieu che FM, k
f
= 80t.Ve tn hieu x(t) va
y
FM
(t).
( ) (2 2 ) x t Cos t t =
{ }
( ) 2 6 20 (2 2 )
FM
y t Cos t Sin t t t = +
x(t)
y
FM
(t)
t
0
19-02-2011
42
Chng 4: TN HIEU IEU CHE (tt)
II.Ri rac tn hieu:
x(t) la tn hieu nang lng hay la tn hieu cong
suat trung bnh hu han:
max
( ) 0: X e e e = >
t
x(t)
0
X(e)
e
e
max
-e
max
0
19-02-2011
43
II.Ri rac tn hieu (tt):
xet tn hieu x
r
(t) co c nh sau:
1
( ) ( ) |||
r
t
x t x t
T T
| |
=
|
\ .
t
x(t)
0
-T
t
x
r
(t)
0 T
2T 4T 6T 8T
0 0
0
1
||| ||| ( )
n
t
n
T T
e
e o e e
e
+
=
| |
| |
=
|
|
\ .
\ .

0
1
( ) ( ) |||
2
r
X X
e
e e
t e
(
| |
= -
( |
\ .

19-02-2011
44
X(e)
e
e
max
-e
max
0
e
e
0
0
e
0 2e
0
-e
0
-2e
0
0
|||
e
e
| |
|
\ .
e
2e
0
-2e
0
e
max
-e
max
0
-e
0
e
0
( )
r
X e
0 0
1 1
[ ( ) ||| ( )] X
T
e
e
e e
-
19-02-2011
45
ieu kien e pho X
r
(e) lap khong b meo (khong chong lan)
la: e
0
> 2e
max
.
Neu khong thoa man ieu kien tren pho X
r
(e) se meo dang
vatn hieu x(t) can khoi phuc se sai lech.
e
2e
0
-2e
0
e
max
-e
max
0
-e
0
e
0
( )
r
X e
0 0
1 1
[ ( ) ||| ( )] X
T
e
e
e e
-
e
0
> 2e
max
19-02-2011
46
e
2e
0
-2e
0
e
max
-e
max
0
-e
0
e
0
( )
r
X e
e
0
= 2e
max
e
2e
0
-2e
0
e
max
-e
max
0
( )
r
X e
e
0
< 2e
max
19-02-2011
47
nh ly Shanon:
ieu kien e tn hieu khoi phuc khong b sai lech la tan so
ri rac tn hieu (lay mau) f
0
phai thoa man: f
0
> 2f
max
.
Khoi phuc tn hieu:
e khoi phuc tn hieu x(t) ta nhan X
r
(e) vi xung vuong co
chieu cao la 1/T va co o rong 2e
max
:
e
2e
0
-2e
0
e
max
-e
max
0
-e
0
e
0
( )
r
X e
1/T
19-02-2011
48
Chng 4: TN HIEU IEU CHE (tt):
III. ieu che xung:
1.Song mang trong cac he
thong ieu che xung.
2.ieu bien xung(PAM).
a.ieu bien xung ly tng
(PAM ly tng).
b.ieu bien xung thc te
(PAM thc te).
19-02-2011
49
III.ieu che xung:
Khai niem:
19-02-2011
50
III.ieu che xung (tt):
1. Song mang trong cac he thong ieu che xung:
1
( ) ||| : ;
t t
y t Y T
T T
t
t
| |
= - <<
|
\ .
[
Bien o thay oi t le vi x(t): ieu bien xung
PAM(Pulse Amplitude Modulation).
o rong xung thay oi t le vi x(t):PDM(Pulse
Duration Modulation).
V tr (khoang cach) gia cac xung thay oi t le
vi x(t): PPM(Pulse Position Modulation).
19-02-2011
51
1.ieu bien xung PAM:
a.PAM ly tng:
Tao PAM ly tng:
1
( ) |||
t
y t
T T
=
X
x(t)
1
( ) ( ) |||
PAM
t
y t x t
T T
| |
=
|
\ .
max max
1 1
( ) ( ) |||
2 2
PAM
Y X
T
e
e e
e e
(
| |
= -
( |
\ .

19-02-2011
52
a.PAM ly tng (tt):
t
x(t)
0
X(e)
e
e
max
-e
max
0
0
e
0 2e
0
-e
0
-2e
0
( ) Y e
e
e
0
19-02-2011
53
a.PAM ly tng (tt):
t
y
PAM
(t)
0 T
2T
4T 6T 8T
max
T
t
e
=
19-02-2011
54
a.PAM ly tng (tt):
e
0
e
2e
0
-2e
0
e
max
-e
max
0
-e
0
e
0
( )
PAM
Y e
e
0
= 2e
max
Giai ieu che:
k(t)
K(e)
X(e)
y
PAM
(t)
Y
PAM
(e)
x (t)
max
( )
2
K T
e
e
e
| |
=
|
\ .
[
19-02-2011
55
a.PAM ly tng (tt):
max max max
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
( ) |||
2 2 2
PAM
X Y K
X T
T
e e e
e e
e
e e e
=
(
| | | |
= -
( | |
\ . \ .

[
e
0
e
2e
0
-2e
0
e
max
-e
max
0
-e
0
e
0
( )
PAM
Y e
e
0
= 2e
max
19-02-2011
56
b.PAM thc te:
0 max
max
1 2
( ) ||| : 2
t t
y t Y T
T T
t
e e
t e
| | | |
= - = =
| |
\ . \ .
[
Song mang:
1
( ) |||
t t
y t Y
T T t
| |
= -
|
\ .
[
X
x(t)
( )
PAM
y t
( )
0
0
( ) 2
2
n
n Y
Y Sa n
T
e t t
e t o e e
+
=
| |
=
|
\ .

19-02-2011
57
b.PAM thc te (tt):
t
x(t)
0
X(e)
e
e
max
-e
max
0
Y
t
0
T 2T -T -2T
t
1
( ) |||
t t
y t Y
T T t
| | | |
= -
| |
\ . \ .
[
19-02-2011
58
b.PAM thc te (tt):
( ) ( )
2
T T
t
y t Y Y Y Sa
et
e t
t
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
[
0 0
( )
2
T
n
Y n n Y
Y Sa
T T
e e t t
| |
= =
|
\ .
( ) ( )
0
0 0
( ) 2 2
2
n
n n
n Y
Y Y n Sa n
T
e t t
e t o e e t o e e
+ +
= =
| |
= =
|
\ .

-e
max
Y(e)
0
e
0 2e
0
-e
0
-2e
0
e
e
max
2 Y
T
t t
19-02-2011
59
b.PAM thc te (tt):
( )
( )
0
0
0
0
1
( ) ( ) 2
2 2
( )
2
PAM
n
n
n Y
Y X Sa n
T
n Y
X Sa n
T
e t t
e e t o e e
t
e t t
e o e e
+
=
+
=
(
| |
= -
| (
\ .

| |
= -
|
\ .
( )
( )
( ) ( )
0
0
0
0
max max
( )
2
2
2
PAM
n
n
n
n Y
Y Sa X n
T
n Y
Sa X n
T
Y
Sa n X n
T
e t t
e e e
e t t
e e
t
te e e
+
=
+
=
+
=
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
=

19-02-2011
60
b.PAM thc te (tt):
Y
T
t
e
Y
PAM
(e)
0
e
0
2e
0
-e
0
-2e
0
e
max
-e
max
Giai ieu che:
k(t)
K(e)
X(e)
y
PAM
(t)
Y
PAM
(e)
x (t)
max
( )
2
T
K
Y
e
e
t e
| |
=
|
\ .
[
19-02-2011
61
Giai ieu che PAM thc te (tt):
Y
T
t
e 0
e
0
2e
0
-e
0
-2e
0
e
max
-e
max
max
( )
2
T
K
Y
e
e
t e
| |
=
|
\ .
[
T
Yt
max
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
PAM PAM
T
X Y K Y
Y
e
e e e e
t e
| |
= =
|
\ .
[
0
0
max
( ) ( )
2 2
n
n Y T
X Sa X n
T Y
e t t e
e e e
t e
+
=
| |
| |
=
|
|
\ .
\ .
[
19-02-2011
62
1. PDM(Sgk):
2. PPM.(Sgk):
ON TAP &
GIAI BAI TAP

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