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CHAPTER 5: ENERGY AND

CHEMICAL CHANGES
5.1 Physical and chemical
changes
Introduction
Living thing Non-living thing

I. Both living and non-living thing are matter


II. Matter around us undergoes changes. These
changes can be classified into two types
- physical changes
- chemical changes
Physical changes
• Physical changes in a substance is
one that effect its physical
properties,

such as
Shape
• Volume
• Density
• State of matter (solid,liquid,gas)
• Colour
• Mass
Physical changes
• No new substance is form during
a physical change.
• Physical changes are usually
reversible. This mean that the
physical properties of the substance
which has undergone a physical
change can be changed back.
Water ice water
Physical changes
1. Examples
a) Changes of physical state
• Caused by heating

Ice water steam

• Caused by cooling

Steam water ice

• No new substance form because H2O remain H2O


Physical changes
a) Dissolving a solid in water

dissolved aqueous sugar ( larutan


Sugar + water
gula)

• Reverse changes
evaporated
Aqueous sugar sugar + water

Aqueous sugar distillation sugar +


water
Physical changes
a) Crystallizing a salt from it saturated solution

• Saturated salt means a solution with


maximum quantity of the salt dissolved on
it.
• Solid salt can be obtained by crystalization
Chemical Changes
• Changes of matter that produce
new substance
• The new substance have chemical
properties which are different from
the original substance
• Chemical changes are usually
difficult to reverse. This means that
the product formed cannot be easily
changed back into the reactant
Chemical Changes
1. Example
a) Burning of paper
Burn
Paper ash + carbon dioxide

but
Cannot be
Ash + carbon dioxide paper
Chemical Changes
a) Browning of a peeled apple

Exposed to air
Peeled apple browning apple
Chemical Changes
a) Combustion of feul

Hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + oxygen


Chemical Changes
a) Photosyntesis

light
Carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
(in plant)
Examples in daily life
Physical changes in Chemical changes
daily life in daily life
Freezing of water to Boiling an egg to get
form ice cube a hard-boiled egg
Boiling of water Burning of fossil fuel
in motor vehicles
Dissolving sugar or Respiration in living
salt in water organism
Melting of wax to Decomposition of
form different shapes fallen leaves
of candles
Melting of chocolate Digestion of food in
our body
Evaporate of sweat Photosynthesis in
green plants
Comparison between physical and
chemical changes
Physical Chemical
changes changes

SIMILARITIES
Substance in both processes undergo
changes
Both changes require energy
DIFFERENCES
In term of

No Formation of Yes
new substance
reversible Reversibility Difficult to reverse
Less energy is Amount of More energy is
needed energy required needed
Changes in Change in Changes in chemical
physical properties and physical
properties only properties
Comparison between physical and
chemical changes
Physical Chemical
changes changes

SIMILARITIES
Substance in both processes undergo
changes
Both changes require energy
DIFFERENCES
In term of

No Formation of Yes
new substance
reversible Reversibility Difficult to reverse
Less energy is Amount of More energy is
needed energy required needed
Changes in Change in Changes in chemical
physical properties and physical
properties only properties

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