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47
of
250
DOCUMENTS
Copyright
2001
The New
York Times Company
The New
York Times
September
27,2001, Thursday, Late Edition - Final
SECTION:
Section
A;
Page
1;
Column
5;
National Desk
LENGTH:
1324 words
HEADLINE:
A
NATION CHALLENGED:
THE
MILITARY;
Generals
Given Power
to
Order Downing
of
Jets
BYLINE:
By
ERIC
SCHMITT
DATELINE:
CHEYENNE MOUNTAIN,
Colo.,
Sept
26
BODY:
President Bush has authorized two midlevel Air
Force
generals to order commercial airliners that threaten
American
cities shot down without checking
first
with him,
a
senior
military
officer
said today.
The
senior
officer,
Gen. Ralph
E. Eberhart of the Air
Force,
the
head
of the
North American Aerospace Defense
Command,
said
in an
interview
mat
such
life-or-death
decisions would
be
made
by the
generals only
as a
last resort
when
an
attack
was
seconds
away
and
there
was not
enough time
to
consult with General Eberhart,
a
four-star
officer,
or the
president.
Vice
President Dick Cheney revealed this month
that
in the
hours
after
the
attacks
on the
World Trade Center
andthe
Pentagon,
Mr.
Bush
had
ordered
the
downing
of any
passenger
jets
that imperiled Washington.
But
days
after
the
Sept.
11
hijackings,
Mr.
Bush, Defense Secretary Donald
H.
Rumsfeld
and the
Joint Chiefs
of
Staff
approved
new rales
of
engagement that reflected the heightened concern over
possible
new terrorist
strikes
and how to confront them
swiftly,
General Eberhart said.
Before
the attacks there were no formal rules on how the military should deal with an airliner
hijacked
over
the
United
States,
flown by
what
in
essence
are
suicide bombers.
"If
there's time, we'd
go all the way to the
president," said General Eberhart,
who
also leads
the
United States Space
Command.
"Otherwise,
the
standing orders have been pushed down
to the
regional
level."
Maj.
Gen.
Larry
K.
Arnold,
a
two-star
officer
at Tyndall Air
Force Base,
Fla.,
would have that authority
for the
continental United
States.
LL Gen. Norton A. Schwartz, a three-star officer atElmendorfAir Force
Base,
Alaska, wouldhave authority
for
Alaska. Hawaii
is
covered
by the
United States Pacific Command, headed
by
Adm. Dennis Blair,instead
of NORAD.
Citing
security concerns, General Eberhart declined
to
sketch
a
course
of
events
that would result
in the
decision
todown a
civilian airliner being made
by
someone other than
the
president.
The
change
in the rales of
engagement regarding shooting down civilian aircraft
is
part
of the
rethinking
of theNorth
American Aerospace Defense Command, better known as
Norad,
which was born during the cold war and has
always
been oriented toward external threats. For more than 40 years in a bunker deep inside this granite peak,
elite
Norad
specialists with early-warning radars have peered
out
over America's borders
to
alert
the
nation
to an
incoming
enemy
air
strike.
42
of
250 DOCUMENTSCopyright
2001
Denver Publishing CompanyRocky Mountain News (Denver, CO)
September
28,2001
Friday Final Edition
SECTION:
LOCAL; Pg. 39A
LENGTH:
310 words
HEADLINE:
FAA,
NOT
NORAD,
WILL STILL CONTROL AIRLINERS
BYLINE:
Dick Foster, News Southern Bureau
DATELINE:
COLORADO SPRINGS
BODY:
The Federal Aviation Administration,
not
NORAD,
will continue
as the
primary controller
and
tracker
of
domesticairline flights, just as before
Sept.
11, NORAD
officials
emphasized Thursday.
Only
when the FAA calls upon it for assistance will
NORAD
become involved in intercepting, and possiblyshooting down,
a
domestic aircraft,
officials
said.
NORAD
- the North American Aerospace Defense Command, based in Colorado Springs - monitors the skies todetect possible attacks on the North American continent from the air and space.Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld confirmed on Thursday new "rules of engagement" that authorize selected
NORAD
generals to order
fighter
planes to shoot down any commercial airliner that
poses
an imminent threat to U.S.populations.The generals would be authorized to act only if the secretary of defense or the president were unavailable to make
the
decision, Rumsfeld said."These would be used only as a last resort in extraordinary life-or-death circumstances when there was not enough
time
to contact the national command authorities,"
NORAD
spokesman Maj. Barry Venable said.The two
NORAD
generals allowed to give shoot-down orders are Maj. Gen. Larry K. Arnold, stationed at
Tyndall
Air
Force Base
in
Panama
City,
Fla.,
and Lt.
Gen. Norton
A.
Schwartz,
at
Elmendorf
Air
Force Base, Alaska.
Arnold
commands
NORAD's
Continental
Air
Region, covering
the
lower
48
states
and
divided into three air-
defense
sectors. Schwartz
is
commander
of the
Alaska
Air
Region.
Venable
said passenger safety has not been compromised by the new rules of engagement. "Any
NORAD
aircraftresponding to any emergency employs a very stringent and ordered set of options,
from
passive to lethal," Venable said.
"We
employ that graduated response on all occasions, and will resort to lethal means only as a last
resort."
NOTES:
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ABC
News
Transcripts
September
11,
2002 Wednesday
Copyright 2002 American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.
ABC
News Transcripts
SHOW:
GOOD MORNING AMERICA (07:00
AM ET) - ABC
September
11,
2002 WednesdayLENGTH:
3618
words
HEADLINE:
MORNING NEWS
BODY:
DIANE
SAWYER,
ABC
NEWS
We
have more news,
of
course, overnight
and for
that
we go to
Robin Roberts
at the
news desk. Robin.
ROBIN
ROBERTS,
ABC
NEWS
(Off
Camera)
All
right,Diane.
Good
morning
again,
everyone.
We
begin
with the ceremony to
honor
the
heroes
of
flight
93.
ROBIN ROBERTS (CONTINUED)
(Voice
Over) Thousands have made their
way to
rural Pennsylvania where
the
plane carrying
40
passengers
and
crew went down
one
year ago.
At six
minutes after
10,
the
moment
the
plane
crashed,
a
bell will toll
and
the
names
of the
victims will
be
read.graphics:
THIS
MORNING: SHANKSVILLE,
PENNSYLVANIA
ROBIN
ROBERTS
(Voice
Over)
The
rest
of the
world
is
remembering
the
heroes
and
victims also
of
September
11th.
Beginning
hours
ago in New
Zealand
and
going time zone
to
time zone, choirs around
the
globe honor
the
victims with
Mozart's
Requiem.graphics: THIS MORNING: AUCKLAND,
NEW
ZEALAND
ROBIN
ROBERTS
(Voice Over) And in
Bagram, Afghanistan, soldiers
on
duty placed
the
American flag
at
half-staff
to
remember
those
who
died
a
year
ago
today.
graphics:
THIS
MORNING: BAGRAM
AIR
BASE, AFGHANISTANROBIN ROBERTS
(Voice
Over) Allied forces in Eastern Afghanistan say that during a two day operation they seized rifles, rocket
launchers and
other weapons
and
captured nine
Al
Qaeda suspects.
One is
described
as a
financier
to the
terrorist
organization,
and
another
is
called
a
high value target
who
contributed
to
last year's attacks.
graphics:
THIS MORNING: BERMEL VALLEY, AFGHANISTAN
ROBIN
ROBERTS
1 of 11
4/14/03
10:37
AM
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