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Chapter 4 Outline
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Cells
•Anton Leeuwenhoek inventedthe microscope in the late1600’s, which first showed thatall living things are composedof cells. Also, he was the firstto see microorganisms.•Light microscopes have alimited resolution:magnification of more thanabout 2000-fold does notimprove what you can see.•Electron microscopes useelectrons instead of light. Theshort wavelength of electronsallows magnifications muchbetter than visible light.
The Cell Theory
•Use of the microscope for 150 years or so led to thesebasic beliefs about cells:•1. All living things are made of cells.•2. The cell is the smallest unit of life.•3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Basic Cell Organization
•All cells contain:
–1. cell membrane that keeps theinside and outside separate. –2. DNA-containing region thatholds the instructions to run theprocesses of life. –3. Cytoplasm: a semi-fluid regioncontaining the rest of the cell’smachinery.
•Prokaryotes: (bacteria): simplecells with no internal membrane-bound structures. DNA is in aspecial region of the cytoplasm.•Eukaryotes: complex cells withinternal membranes. DNA is in anucleus separated from thecytoplasm by a membrane.
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Cell Structure III
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| Upload Date: | 07/14/2009 |
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