• Embed Doc
  • Copy Link
  • Readcast
  • Collections
  • 1
    CommentGo Back
Download
 
Co-operative Movement in Denmark 
 Denmark is an agriculture country and the co-operative movement was startedspontaneously by the Danish people. These societies are self-reliant and Danishgovernment did not give any help to this movement. It is free from any governmentcontrol and therefore it is called co-operative Denmark.The main feature of the co-operative movement in Denmark was that there are separatesocieties for different type of activities. There are wholesale milk-eggs, exporting, breadmanufacturing, building and productive types of co-operative society. All the societieshave their own organization, which decides on their product price, dealing with the public, companies, appointment of auditors etc.
Features of Milk Co-operative in Denmark 
1.
 
Formally Denmark was an agricultural country but shifted later to dairy business atthe beginning of 19
th
and has been a leading producer of dairy products, since then.2.
 
Dairy business is of prime importance in the export of Denmark. More than 70% of its products are exported. The farmers and people engaged in dairy business haveformed their local co-operatives. They not only collect milk but also process them andhave an organization at the district and state level.3.
 
The working of society is democratically based and the representation of the societyis given according to the milk supplied by them.4.
 
The members have an agreement for supplying milk for a period of 15-20 yrs andcash payments are made to the proportion of milk supplied.5.
 
The principles of government are followed by the dairy society of Denmark.
Values of Co-operatives
Co-operatives are based on the values of Self-help, Self-responsibility, Democracy,Equality and Solidarity. In the tradition of their founders the members believe in theethical values of honesty, openness, social responsibility and caring for others.
Equitable distribution of surplus
A profit earned by a co-operative is to be distributed according to the decision of members. A limited interests or dividend, can be paid in proportion to their transactionswith the society after making provisions of business and social welfare activities.In a joint stock company the surplus is distributed on the number of shares held by anindividual irrespective of their transactions with the company, but in a co-operative thesurplus is distributed on the basis of the number of dealings with the society.It is not obligatory to pay dividend out of surplus as the members may divert the use of these funds for overall development of the society and its members. It is not obligatory to
 
 pay dividends out of the members entitled for logically it also means they are obliged to bear loses if any. Usually any such loses are adjusted from the reserve funds.
Self help and Mutual help
As the co-operative enterprise is meant for the economic weak, they come together; forma co-operative, pool their resources, work together for mutual benefit and the benefit isshared by all the participants.Individually a person may not be capable to withstand the market forces andexploitation, but together they can strengthen their position and pursue their economicinterests.
Special Features of Co-operative Movement in India
1.It is a voluntary organization. It is an association of persons (one person one vote)2.It is democratic, every individual has a say in the co-operative society.3.It is an undertaking
4.
Less stress on Profits because the main objective is to meet common economic endsthrough mutual help.5.It is not based on Exploitation6.There is no place for middlemen7.Common objective of people8.Concept of equality9.Wider interest of Community10.No outside interference11.Each for every one (self help through mutual help)
Characteristics of Co-operatives
1.
An association of persons:
Like a joint stock company a co-operative society is anassociation of many people who associate together, contribute capital in for of shares, butthe basis trust is not on capital but on man.
2.
A business enterprise:
A co-operative society is not a charitable organization, but aimsat business with a profit and risk.
3.
A voluntary Enterprise:
The admission and retirement of member in the society iscompletely voluntary.
 
4.
Democratic Enterprise:
With every member having a right to vote, irrespective of thenumber of shares he holds, lays the foundation of a democratic management.
5.
The motto is to serve rather than to earn:
Inspite of the fact that an element of profitis attached; the main aim is service, which is the prime objective of the co-operatives.
6.
The key of co-op is mutual-help and self-help:
With a slogan – Each for all and allfor each.
7.
The basis is equality and equity:
The members of a co-operative are equal,irrespective of their differences in social, economic, political conditions. The mostdistinctive feature of a co-operative society is that the surplus or profit is distributed notaccording to the proposition of Business operations, transacted by members during agiven period.
8.
Socio-economic change:
The co-operative movement aims in bringing about an overallsocio-economic change then peaceful means.
9.
Larger Perspective:
It also aims at not only serving its members but also for thecommunity at large.
Distinguishing factors of Co-operatives
Co-operative is distinguished from other business by three concepts of principles: -
•
First, the
user-owner principle:
Persons who own and finance the co-operatives arethose who use it.
•
Second, the
user-control principle:
Control of the co-operative is by those who usethe co-operative.
•
Third, the
user-benefits principle:
Benefits are distributed to its users on the basis of their use. The user benefits principle is often stated as
business-at-cost.
of 00

Leave a Comment

You must be to leave a comment.
Submit
Characters: ...
You must be to leave a comment.
Submit
Characters: ...