The CAMEL Story

An Introduction
Li Jian MND ASB Tel.: 58368000-3217

Overview

What is CAMEL?

Intelligent Network Basic Concepts

Why CAMEL? Major Implications of CAMEL CAMEL Phases 1, 2, and 3

What is CAMEL? CAMEL Basics

CSE SCF SCP SSF

CAMEL Service Environmen Service Control Function Service Control Point Service Switching Function

CAMEL = 'Customized Applications for Mobile Enhanced Logic'

The CAMEL Tool Set specifies capabilities to be offered by the SSF functions and state models running in the SSF operations between SSF, SCF, HLR, VLR CAMEL is not a service or an application a specification of SCP/CSE capabilities and functions

What is CAMEL? CAMEL Basics (2)

Based on ETSI IN for PSTN CAMEL Standardization by ETSI in Phases Phase1 released 1996 (based on CS1)

CSx ETSI PSTN

Capability Set #x European Telecommunications Standard Institute Public Switched Telephone Network

Phase2 released 1997 (based on CS1, parts of CS2) Phase3 released 1999 (based on CS2)

Superset Approach
Next Phase contains the previous ETSI CAMEL Technical Specifications

GSM 02.78, 03.78, 09.78 (ph1, ph2)

3G TS 22.078, 23.078, 29.078 (ph3)

What is CAMEL? CAMEL (ph1) Architecture

CAP GMSC gsmSCF gsmSSF HLR

CAMEL Application Protocol Gateway MSC GSM Service Control Function GSM Service Switching Function Home Location Register

MAP MOC MS MSC VLR

Mobile Application Part Mobile Originated Call Mobile Station Mobile Switching Center Visitor Location Register

HLR
Home Network
Interrogating Network MAP

MAP

gsmSCF
CAP Visited Network

gsmSSF
Incoming Line

VLR

gsmSSF MSC
MS

GMSC

Roaming Leg

Early Call Forwarding

MOC or Late Call Forwarding

Intelligent Network Basic Concepts Basic Call State Model

Purpose: Synchronization of two points of view Service Logic on SCP Call Handling on SSP BCSM Components Entry Events Detection Points: Trigger & Event DPs Points in Call PIC Exit Events BCSMs for MOC, MTC, SMS, GPRS, ...
DP GPRS MOC MTC SCP SMS SSP
HLR gsmSCF

gsmSSF GMSC

VLR

gsmSSF MSC

Transition

DP Point in Call
Detection Point General Packet Radio Service Mobile Originating Call Mobile Terminating Call Service Control Point Short Message Service Service Switching Point

Why CAMEL? Features and More

Standardized Intelligent Network Environment for PLMNs

HPLMN PLMN SMG UMTS

Home PLMN Public Land Mobile Network Special Mobile Group Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

Multi Vendor Networks

Roaming outside the HPLMN Roaming of Foreign IN Customers Location Dependent Services Virtual Home Environment (CAMEL3, UMTS)

Major Implications of CAMEL Mobile Application Part MAP Version 3

Interworking Signaling between MSC, HLR, VLR, and SCP MAP v3 supports CAMEL procedures and mechanisms (dependent on CAMEL phase) CAMEL Subscription Information (Trigger)
HLR gsmSCF

gsmSSF GMSC

VLR

gsmSSF MSC

Interrogation
Location Information Retrieval Subscriber Status Retrieval
HLR MAP MSC SCP USSD VLR Home Location Register Mobile Application Part Mobile Switching Center Service Control Point Unstructured Supplementary Service Data Visitor Location Register

USSD dialogues on HLR-SCP I/F

ph2

Major Implications of CAMEL CAMEL Application Protocol CAP

Interworking Signaling between SSP and SCP CAP operations are used to control various call scenarios (dependent on CAMEL phase) Mobile Originating Call MOC Mobile Terminating Calls MTC Call Forwarding CF Charging, Announcements ph1 ph1 ph2 ph2
MO MT SCP SSP Mobile Originating Mobile Terminating Service Control Point Service Switching Point
HLR gsmSCF

gsmSSF GMSC

VLR

gsmSSF MSC

ShortMessageService MO MT ph3

General Packet Radio Service

Dialled Services

ph3
ph3

Major Implications of CAMEL Trigger (1)

HLR gsmSCF

Introduction of CAMEL Subscription Information Stored in HLR Subscriber Data Contents of CSI (O-CSI, T-CSI) gsmSCF Address

gsmSSF GMSC

VLR

gsmSSF MSC

Service Key
Default Call Handling TDP List, one of {DP2, DP12} DP Criteria CAMEL Capability CSI State Notification Flag ph2 ph2 ph3 ph3
O-CSI T-CSI CSI TDP USSD VMSC Originating CSI Terminating CSI CAMEL Subscription Information Trigger Detection Point Unstructured Supplementary Service Data Visited Mobile Switching Center

Major Implications of CAMEL Trigger (2)

Introduction of CAMEL Subscription Information CAMEL ph1: CAMEL ph2: O-CSI T-CSI U-CSI UG-CSI SS-CSI TIF-CSI SMS-CSI GPRS-CSI M-CSI VT-CSI D-CSI N-CSI
HLR gsmSCF

gsmSSF GMSC

VLR

gsmSSF MSC

CAMEL ph3:

D-CSI GPRS-CSI M-CSI N-CSI O-CSI SMS-CSI SS-CSI T-CSI TIF-CSI U-CSI UG-CSI VT-CSI CSI TDP USSD VMSC

Dialled Service CSI General Packet Radio Service CSI Mobility Management CSI Network CSI Originating CSI Short Message Service CSI Supplementary Service CSI Terminating CSI Translation Information Flag CSI USSD CSI USSD General CSI VMSC Terminating CSI CAMEL Subscription Information Trigger Detection Point Unstructured Supplementary Service Data Visited Mobile Switching Center

CAMEL phase 1

CAMEL phase 1 Features

Mobile Originated, Terminated, and Forwarded Calls Number Translation Support Suppression of Announcements

Forwarding Services
Barring Services Location Information Retrieval Subscriber Status Retrieval

CAMEL phase 1 CAP & MAP Operations

CAP IDP Initial DP
gsmSSF VLR gsmSSF MSC HLR gsmSCF

CON
CUE RC RRB ERB AT MAP

Connect
Continue ReleaseCall RequestReportBCSMEvent EventReportBCSM Activity Test

GMSC

ATI
PSI

AnyTimeInterrogation
ProvideSubscriberInformation

CAP MAP

CAMEL Application Protocol Mobile Application Part

CAMEL phase 1 Location Update

HLR MAP MS VLR

Home Location Register Mobile Application Part Mobile Station Visitor Location Register

HLR
Home Network
Interrogating Network MAP

gsmSCF

Visited Network

O-CSI

gsmSSF GMSC

VLR

gsmSSF MSC
MS

CAMEL phase 1 Originating Basic Call State Model

HLR gsmSCF

O_Null & ...

O_Exception
gsmSSF GMSC VLR gsmSSF MSC

DP 2 Analyze & Routing & Alerting

Collected_Info

O_failure

Transition

DP Point in Call
DP 7 O_Active O_Answer O_active_failure

O_Disconnect DP 9

CAMEL phase 1 Detection Points O-BCSM

DP2 Collected_Info O-CSI analyzed DP7 O_Answer call accepted and answered EDP-N
HLR

BCSM EDP TDP -N -R

Basic Call State Model Event Detection Point Trigger Detection Point Notification Mode Request Mode

gsmSCF

TDP-R
gsmSSF GMSC VLR gsmSSF MSC

O_Null & ...

O_Exception

DP9 O_Disconnect
one call party hangs up

EDP-N/R

DP 2 Analyze & Routing & Alerting

DP 7 DP 9 O_Active

CAMEL phase 1 Mobile Originated Call MOC

MSC gsmSCF gsmSSF VLR

Mobile Switching Center GSM Service Control Function GSM Service Switching Function Visitor Location Register

HLR
Home Network
Interrogating Network

gsmSCF
CAP Visited Network

O-CSI

gsmSSF GMSC

VLR

gsmSSF MSC
MS

MOC

CAMEL phase 1 Terminating Basic Call State Model

HLR gsmSCF

T_Null

T_Exception
gsmSSF GMSC VLR gsmSSF MSC

DP 12

Terminating_Attempt_ Authorized

Terminating Call Handling

T_call_handling_failure

Transition

DP Point in Call
DP 15 T_Active T_Answer T_active_failure

T_Disconnect DP 17

CAMEL phase 1 Detection Points T-BCSM

DP12 Term._Attempt_Authorized TDP-R T-CSI analyzed DP15 T_Answer call accepted and answered EDP-N
HLR

EDP TDP -N -R

Event Detection Point Trigger Detection Point Notification Mode Request Mode

gsmSCF

gsmSSF GMSC

VLR

gsmSSF MSC

T_Null

T_Exception

DP17 T_Disconnect
one call party hangs up

EDP-N/R

DP 12

Terminating Call Handling

DP 15 DP 17 T_Active

CAMEL phase 1 Mobile Terminated Call MTC

CAP GMSC gsmSCF gsmSSF HLR

CAMEL Application Protocol Gateway MSC GSM Service Control Function GSM Service Switching Function Home Location Register

MAP MOC MS MSRN

Mobile Application Part Mobile Originated Call Mobile Station Mobile Station Roaming Number

HLR
Home Network
Interrogating Network MAP

gsmSCF
CAP Visited Network

gsmSSF
Incoming Line

VLR

gsmSSF MSC
MS

GMSC

Roaming Leg

2Step Interrogation
Call Forwarding (Early & Late CF) Suppression of Announcements SoA

CAMEL phase 1 MTC 2Step Interrogation (1)

HLR
Home Network
Interrogating SRI(1) Network MAP

PRN PSI

gsmSCF
CAP Visited Network

T-CSI

gsmSSF
Incoming Line

VLR

gsmSSF MSC
MS

GMSC

CAMEL phase 1 MTC 2Step Interrogation (2)

HLR
Home Network
Interrogating SRI(2) Network MAP PRN

gsmSCF
CAP Visited Network

gsmSSF GMSC
Roaming Leg

VLR

gsmSSF MSC
MS

CAMEL phase 1 AnyTimeInterrogation

MAP:ATI

HLR
ati_psi: 0/1

gsmSCF
MAP:PSI Visited Network

Home Network
Interrogating Network

gsmSSF GMSC

VLR

gsmSSF MSC

ATI MAP gsmSCF HLR PSI VLR

AnyTimeInterrogation Mobile Application Part GSM Service Control Function Home Location Register ProvideSubscriberInfo Visitor Location Register

CAMEL phase 1 Early Call Forwarding

CAP CFu GMSC gsmSCF gsmSSF

CAMEL Application Protocol Call Forwarding Unconditional Gateway MSC GSM Service Control Function GSM Service Switching Function

HLR MAP MOC MS MSRN

Home Location Register Mobile Application Part Mobile Originated Call Mobile Station Mobile Station Roaming Number

gsmSCF

MO Service Logic MT Service Logic

HLR
Home Network
Interrogating Network CFu! MAP O-CSI CAP

gsmSCF

gsmSSF
T-CSI

Visited Network

gsmSSF
Incoming Line

VLR

gsmSSF MSC
MS

GMSC

Early Call Forwarding

CAMEL phase 1 Late Call Forwarding

CAP CFc GMSC gsmSCF gsmSSF

CAMEL Application Protocol HLR Call Forw.Cond. (Busy, NoAnswer,..)MAP Gateway MSC MOC GSM Service Control Function MS GSM Service Switching Function MSRN

Home Location Register Mobile Application Part Mobile Originated Call Mobile Station Mobile Station Roaming Number

gsmSCF

MO Service Logic MT Service Logic

HLR
Home Network
Interrogating Network MAP

gsmSCF
CAP

Visited Network

T-CSI

CFc!

O-CSI

gsmSSF
Incoming Line

VLR

gsmSSF MSC
MS

GMSC

Roaming Leg

Late Call Forwarding

CAMEL phase 2

CAMEL phase 2 Additional Features

Charging Announcements and User Interaction Conditional Triggers Follow On Calls

USSD Interaction with gsmSCF

User to Service Logic (User Initiated) Service Logic to User (Network Initiated) Embedded

CAMEL phase 2 Architecture

CAP GMSC gsmSCF gsmSRF gsmSSF

CAMEL Application Part Gateway MSC GSM Service Control Function GSM Specialized Resource Function GSM Service Switching Function

HLR MAP MS MSC VLR

Home Location Register Mobile Application Part Mobile Station Mobile Switching Center Visitor Location Register

HLR
Home Network
Interrogating Network MAP

MAP

gsmSCF
CAP Visited Network

gsmSSF
Incoming Line

gsmSRF

VLR

gsmSSF MSC
MS

GMSC
Roaming Leg

Early Call Forwarding

MOC or Late Call Forwarding

CAMEL phase 2 Originating Basic Call State Model

HLR gsmSCF

O_Abandon DP 10 O_Null & ... O_Exception

gsmSSF GMSC gsmSRF VLR gsmSSF MSC

DP 2

Collected_Info DP 4 Route_Select_Failure O_Busy O_No_Answer O_routing_and_alerting_failure

Routing & Alerting

DP 5 DP 6

Transition

DP Point in Call

O_Disconnect DP 9

DP 7 O_Active

O_Answer O_active_failure

CAMEL phase 2 Detection Points O-BCSM

DP2 Collected_Info TDP-R O-CSI analyzed DP4 Route_Select_Failure EDP-N/R call establishment failed DP5 O_Busy EDP-N/R term. party busy or not reachable DP6 O_No_Answer EDP-N/R No_Answer Timer expired DP7 O_Answer EDP-N/R call accepted and answered DP9 O_Disconnect EDP-N/R one call party hangs up DP10 O_Abandon EDP-N orig. party disc. during call establ.
HLR

EDP TDP -N -R

Event Detection Point Trigger Detection Point Notification Mode Request Mode

gsmSCF

gsmSSF GMSC

gsmSRF

VLR

gsmSSF MSC

DP 10

O_Null & ...

O_Exception

DP 2 DP 4 Routing & Alerting DP 5 DP 6

DP 7 DP 9 O_Active

CAMEL phase 2 Terminating Basic Call State Model

HLR gsmSCF

T_Abandon DP 18 T_Null T_Exception

gsmSSF GMSC gsmSRF VLR gsmSSF MSC

DP 12

Terminating_Attempt_ Authorized DP 13 T_Busy T_No_Answer T_call_handling_failure

Terminating Call Handling

DP 14

Transition

DP Point in Call

T_Disconnect DP 17

DP 15 T_Active

T_Answer T_active_failure

CAMEL phase 2 Detection Points T-BCSM

DP12 Term._Attempt_Authorized TDP-R T-CSI analyzed

EDP TDP -N -R

Event Detection Point Trigger Detection Point Notification Mode Request Mode

HLR

gsmSCF

DP13 T_Busy
DP14 T_No_Answer No-answer timer expired

gsmSSF

gsmSRF

VLR

gsmSSF MSC

EDP-N/R
EDP-N/R

GMSC

term. party busy or not reachable

DP 18 T_Null T_Exception

DP15 T_Answer
call accepted and answered DP17 T_Disconnect one call party hangs up DP18 T_Abandon

EDP-N/R
EDP-N/R

DP 12 DP 13 Terminating Call Handling DP 14

DP 15 DP 17 T_Active

EDP-N

orig. party disc. during call establishment

CAMEL phase 2 CAP Operations

Basic Operations
Initial DP Cancel Connect Continue ReleaseCall Activity Test Reset Timer

CAP IP SRF

CAMEL Application Protocol Intelligent Peripheral SpecializedResourceFunction

Charging Operations
ApplyCharging ApplyChargingReport SendChargingInformation FurnishChargingInformation

IP and SRF Operations

ConnectToResource DisconnectForwardConnection EstablishTemporaryConnection AssistRequestInstructions PlayAnnouncement SpecializedResourceReport PromptAndCollectUserInformation

Requests and Reports

RequestReportBCSMEvent EventReportBCSM CallInformationRequest CallInformationReport

CAMEL phase 2 MAP Operations

MAP SS USSD

Mobile Application Part Supplementary Service Unstructured Supplementary Service Data

Basic Operations
AnyTimeInterrogation ProvideSubscriberInformation

MAP USSD phase 1

ProcessUnstructuredSSData

SS Invocation Notification
SSInvocationNotification

MAP USSD phase 2

ProcessUnstructuredSSRequest UnstructuredSSRequest UnstructuredSSNotify

CAMEL phase 2 Location Update

HLR MAP MS VLR

Home Location Register Mobile Application Part Mobile Station Visitor Location Register

HLR
Home Network
Interrogating Network MAP

gsmSCF

Visited Network

O-CSI

gsmSSF GMSC

gsmSRF

VLR

gsmSSF MSC
MS

VLR indicates to HLR its supported CAMEL phases

HLR sends to VLR subscription data according VLR CAMEL phase

CAMEL phase 2 Mobile Originated Call MOC

MSC gsmSCF gsmSSF VLR

Mobile Switching Center GSM Service Control Function GSM Service Switching Function Visitor Location Register

HLR
Home Network
Interrogating Network

gsmSCF
CAP Visited Network

O-CSI

gsmSSF GMSC

gsmSRF

VLR

gsmSSF MSC
MS

MOC

SSP indicates to SCP its supported CAMEL phases SCP answers according SSP CAMEL phase

CAMEL phase 3

CAMEL phase 3 Additional Features

Dialled Services GPRS Interworking SMS MO Interworking (CS & PO) Notification on Location Change T-BCSM in both GMSC and VMSC Congestion Control (Call Gap)

CAMEL phase 3 Architecture Circuit Switched

CAP GMSC gsmSCF gsmSRF gsmSSF

CAMEL Application Part Gateway MSC GSM Service Control Function GSM Specialized Resource Function GSM Service Switching Function

HLR MAP MS MSC VLR

Home Location Register Mobile Application Part Mobile Station Mobile Switching Center Visitor Location Register

HLR
Home Network
Interrogating Network MAP

MAP

gsmSCF
CAP Visited Network
SMSC

gsmSSF
Incoming Line

gsmSRF

VLR

gsmSSF MSC
MS

GMSC

Roaming Leg

Early Call Forwarding

MOC or Late Call Forwarding

CAMEL phase 3 Originating Basic Call State Model

HLR gsmSCF

O_Abandon DP 10 O_Null & ... O_Exception

gsmSSF GMSC gsmSRF VLR gsmSSF MSC

DP 2

Collected_Info Invalid_Information

Analyze_Information

DP 3

Analyzed_Info DP 4 Route_Select_Failure O_Busy O_No_Answer O_routing_and_alerting_failure

Transition

Routing & Alerting

DP 5 DP 6

DP Point in Call

O_Disconnect DP 9

DP 7 O_Active

O_Answer O_active_failure

CAMEL phase 3 Terminating Basic Call State Model

HLR gsmSCF

T_Abandon DP 18 T_Null T_Exception

gsmSSF GMSC gsmSRF VLR gsmSSF MSC

DP 12

Terminating_Attempt_Authorized DP 13 T_Busy T_No_Answer T_call_handling_failure

Terminating Call Handling

DP 14

Transition

DP Point in Call

T_Disconnect DP 17

DP 15 T_Active

T_Answer T_active_failure

CAMEL phase 3 Architecture Packet Oriented

CAP GPRS gprsSSF gsmSCF GSN

CAMEL Application Protocol General Packet Radio Service GPRS Service Switching Function GSM Service Control Function GPRS Support Node

HLR MAP MS SGSN SMSC

Home Location Register Mobile Application Part Mobile Station Serving GSN Short Mess.Serv.Center

HLR
Home Network
Interrogating Network

MAP

gsmSCF
CAP Visited Network

SMSC
MAP

gprsSSF SGSN
MO MS

General Packet Radio Service Short Message Service MO