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B. Budiono, M.

Yusuf Analisis Nonlinier Pelat Beton di Atas Fondasi Elastis Nonlinier dengan Metode Elemen

Abstrak

Perilaku pelat beton di atas fondasi elastis yang dibebani secara vertikal merupakan problem yang kompleks karena kedua materialnya, yaitu beton dan tanah, mempunyai sifat dasar yang nonlinier. Untuk penyederhanaan, tanah dimodelkan sebagai pegas yang dihubungkan pada pelat. Dalam studi ini, nonlinieritas tanah dimodelkan sebagai pegas nonlinier. Pegas nonlinier tersebut diformulasikan dalam bentuk fungsi gaya versus perpindahan. Sementara itu, nonlinieritas beton dimodelkan sebagai elemen heksahedral yang mana hubungan konstitutifnya diturunkan dari kondisi tegangan utamanya. Material beton yang telah retak dimodelkan dengan metode retak tersebar (smearedcrack approach). Struktur dianalisis menggunakan model elemen hingga kontinum tiga dimensi. Perilaku beban versus perpindahan diperoleh menggunakan prosedur perpindahan inkremental. Mutu beton yang digunakan adalah 30 MPa. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa keruntuhan struktur dapat diawali baik oleh beton maupun tanah. Untuk beberapa kasus keduanya runtuh secara bersamaan. Dalam studi ini didapatkan bahwa respon struktur sangat bergantung pada model pegas nonlinier. Geometri struktur memberi pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap respon struktur dan juga tanah. Daktilitas perpindahan setelah keruntuhan tidak sensitif terhadap bentuk geometri struktur. Pengaruh model pegas nonlinier terhadap respon struktur lebih dominan daripada pengaruh geometri.
Kata-kata kunci: model konstitutif, kondisi tegangan utama, pegas nonlinier,

modulus reaksi tanah dasar, perpindahan inkremental, daktilitas perpindahan

Abstract

The behaviour of concrete slab on elastic foundation subjected to gravity load is a complex problem as both materials namely concrete and soil behaviour are non-linear in nature. For simplicity, the soil is modelled as spring connected to the slab. In the study, the non-linearity of the soil is modelled as a non-linear spring. The non-linear spring is formulated in terms of load versus displacement function. The concrete non-linearity, however, is modelled as a brick element in which the constitutive relationship is derived from its principal stress condition. The concrete material after cracking is modelled by smeared-crack approach. The structure is then analysed using three-dimensional continuum finite element

model. The load versus displacement behaviour is observed using displacement control procedures. The concrete strength used in the study is 30 MPa. The results of the analysis show that the collapse of the structures are initiated either by concrete or soils. For some cases both concrete and soil failed in the same time (balanced failure). In the study, it is found that the structural response both for concrete and soil is highly depending upon the non-linear spring model. Geometry of the structure is a significant to the structure and soil responses as well. However, the displacement ductility after failure is not sensitive to the type of structural geometry. During the observation, the non-linear spring model dominates the structural response as compared to the effect of the geometry.
Keywords: constitutive model, principal stress condition, non-linear spring,

modulus of subgrade reaction, displacement control, displacement ductility.

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