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Aquaculture
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
I'm thinking about raising carp for food :
Aquaculture installations in southern Chile.
Aquaculture is the farming of freshwater and saltwaterorganisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquaticplants. Unlike fishing, aquaculture, also known asaquafarming, implies the cultivation of aquatic populationsunder controlled conditions.[1] Mariculture refers toaquaculture practiced in marine environments. Particularkinds of aquaculture include algaculture (the production ofkelp/seaweed and other algae), fish farming, shrimpfarming, oyster farming, and the growing of cultured pearls.Particular methods include aquaponics, which integratesfish farming and plant farming.Contents[hide]* 1 History* 2 World production* 3 Production by country* 4 Environmental impact* 5 Types of aquacultureo 5.1 Algacultureo 5.2 Fish farmingo 5.3 Freshwater prawn farmingo 5.4 Integrated multi-trophic aquacultureo 5.5 Maricultureo 5.6 Shrimp farming* 6 Types of fish in aquaculture* 7 See also
 
* 8 Notes* 9 References* 10 Further reading* 11 External links[edit] HistoryWorkers harvest catfish from the Delta Pride Catfish farmsin MississippiAquaculture began in China circa 2500 BC[citation needed].When the waters subsided after river floods, some fishes,mainly carp, were trapped in lakes. Nascent aquaculturistsfed their brood using nymphs and silkworm feces, and atethe fish for their protein. A fortunate genetic mutation of carpled to the emergence of goldfish during the Tang Dynasty.Hawaiians practiced aquaculture by constructing fish ponds(see Hawaiian aquaculture). A remarkable example is a fishpond dating from at least 1,000 years ago, at Alekoko.Legend says that it was constructed by the mythicalMenehune. The Japanese cultivated seaweed by providingbamboo poles and, later, nets and oyster shells to serve asanchoring surfaces for spores. The Romans bred fish inponds.In central Europe, early Christian monasteries adoptedRoman aquacultural practices.[2] Aquaculture spread inEurope during the Middle Ages, since away from theseacoasts and the big rivers, fish were scarce/expensive.Improvements in transportation during the 19th centurymade fish easily available and inexpensive, even in inlandareas, making aquaculture less popular.
 
In 1859 Stephen Ainsworth of West Bloomfield, New York,began experiments with brook trout. By 1864 Seth Greenhad established a commercial fish hatching operation atCaledonia Springs, near Rochester, NY. By 1866, with theinvolvement of Dr. W. W. Fletcher of Concord Mass, artificialfish hatching operations were under way in both Canadaand the United States.[3] When the Dildo Island fishhatchery opened in Newfoundland Canada in 1889, it wasthe largest and most advanced in the world.California residents harvested wild kelp and attempted tomanage supply starting circa 1900, later labeling it awartime resource.[4]Tilapia, a commonly farmed fish due to its adaptabilityAbout 430 (97%) of the aquatic species cultured as of 2007were domesticated during the 20th century, of which anestimated 106 aquatic species came in the decade to 2007.Given the long-term importance of agriculture, it isinteresting to note that to date only 0.08% of known landplant species and 0.0002% of known land animal specieshave been domesticated, compared with 0.17% of knownmarine plant species and 0.13% of known marine animalspecies. Domesticating an aquatic species typically involvesabout a decade of scientific research. [5] Aquatic speciesinvolve fewer risks than that of land animals, which took alarge toll in human lives through diseases such as smallpoxand bird and swine flu, that like most infectious diseases,are transferred to humans from animals. No humanpathogens of comparable virulence have yet emerged frommarine species.
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