ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΑ Γ΄ ΓΥΜΝΑΣΙΟΥ

(001-008)-
3-11-06
00:30
(001-008)-
3-11-06
00:30
, ,
/
, ,
/
, ,
/
, ,
/
,
,

,
, ,
/
, -
... / II / 2.2.1. / 2.2.1.:

.
...,

.

.

.

75% 25% .
(001-008)-
7-11-06
16:06
(001-008)-
3-11-06
00:30
(001-008)-
9-12-06
13:48
,
,

.
. 5
, 2
.
.
:
1. .
, ,
.
2. . ,
,

.

,
.
3. . ,
, ,
.
.
4. - .
,
,
,
.
5. .
, .
(001-008)-
27-12-06
16:27
6. .

. ,

, ( - - ...)
, .
:
-

.
- .
.
:
-
-
.
:
- .

.
,
.
(001-008)-
27-12-06
14:59

1 -
1.1
(- ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
. T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.2 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.3 - . . . . . . . . . 33
1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
1.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
1.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
1.8 ... ... . . . . . . . 68
1.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
1.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
. - . . . . . . . . 75
. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
- 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
2 - -
2.1 x + = 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
. . . . 94
2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
2.5 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
- 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
3 -
3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
3.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
(001-008)-
27-12-06
15:00
3.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
- 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
4 -
4.1
y = x2 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
4.2
y = x2 + x + 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
- 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
5 -
5.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
5.2
- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
5.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
- 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
-
1 -
1.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
1.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
1.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
1.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
1.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
1.6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
- 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
2 -
2.1
0 180 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
2.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . 237
2.3
. . . . . . . . . . . 240
2.4
- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
- 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
009-010
3-11-06
00:31
009-010
3-11-06
00:31
10
011-019
3-11-06
00:33
11
1o
A
1.1
( )
1.2
1.3

1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8 ... ...

1.9
1.10
1

011-019
3-11-06
00:33
1.1
12
( )
,
.
.
.
.
3
5

5
2, 3, ,
,
4, 0,5, 1 +
3, 6,1010010001...
.. , , 7,34,
4
2
3
.

, , 0.
3,
4
3=
5
-5 ,
=
2
2
3,
2

4 =2= ,
1
1

2, ,
.

3,8
x

5,
1 +
3, 6,1010010001...
3

2
2
734 ,
100
-5 .
-0,5 =
10
7,34 =
4,8
.

, , .
3
3
2 = 2,
0 = 0,
: 2 = 2,
=
4
4
,

, .
12
+7 + 5 = +12
7 5 = 12
011-019
22-12-06
16:33
13
1.1
,
,
.
+5 7 = 2
5 + 7 = +2
, +
(+5) (+7) = +35

(5) (7) = +35
(+5) (7) = 35
(5) (+7) = 35
+=+
+ ( + ) = ( + ) +
+0=
=
( ) = ()
1=
1
+ ( ) = 0
= 1, 0
( + ) = +
:
0 = 0.
A = 0, = 0 = 0.
, .
, .
3 , 3
4
5
,
5
4

.
,
5 7 = 5 + (7) = 2

5 (7) = 5 + (+7) = 12
.
= + ( )

( : , 0),
.
1
: =
5 : 15 = 5
1
5
1
=
=
15
15
3
1
=
13
011-019
3-11-06
00:33
14
M - 1
N :
1
3 +
2
)
1
2
3
) ( 3) 3 1 + 3 + 1 1
2
3
3
2
( ) (
) (
) ( )
) ( 3) 3 1 + 3 + 1 1 = + 9 + 1 3 1 =
2
3
3
2
2
3
6
9
1
1
27
2
18
1
12
=+ +
3+
=
+
+
=
=2
2
3
6
6
6
6
6
6
( ) (
) (
) ( )
( )
6
1
1
5

+
3 +
2
2
2
2
)
=
=
= 15 = 3
1
6 1
5
10
2

2

3
3 3
3
+ = 3 + = 5,
= ( 2) + 2 .
2
= ( 2) + 2 =
2
= + 2 + 2 =
( )
= 2 + 2 =
( )
= 2( + ) ( + ) = ( )
= 2(3) (5) =
=6+5=
=1
E
1
x .
3
1
2
0,
3
0,8
3
16
3,14
22
7
:
) 3 + 7 = .....
) 6 + 6 = .....
) (2) 1 = .....
3
)(6) : 12 = .....
5
14
) 0 2 = .....
7
) 8 : (+4)= .....
5
( )
( )
) 2 9 = .....
) 4 5 = .....
5
4
) 4 : + 4 = .....
3
3
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
011-019
3-11-06
00:33
15
1.1
:
) (3 2 5)x = ........
) 3(2 5x) = ........
) 2(x ... .....) = ..... + 6
) (3 + x)(2 + y) = ........
)
3(2 5)x =........
) 4(... + ...) = 12x + 8
:
i) A , :
)
)
)
) .
ii) A , :
)
)
)
) .
(), (),
:
) .
) .
) .
) .
N :
) 2 + 3 4 12 : (4) + 1
) 3 (2) 5 + 4 : (2) 6
) 2 + 3 (4 12) : (4 + 1)
) 8 : (3 + 5) 4 (2 + 6)

.
(5 4) (+2) + (6 + 4) (7) =
4 ( 2 + 6 3) + (9 + 6) =
14 + (6 + 5 3) ( 4 1) (2) =
(3) (2) + 4 (+5) (1) : (1) =
, xx
. = 5
km,
.
B
x
15
011-019
3-11-06
00:33
16
M - 1
:
) 2 1 + 1 + 1
3
4
2
12
) 1 + 3 5 + 1 + 5 11
3
2
6
2
3
6
) 5 1 2 5 1 2
2
3
2
3
) 1 7 1 4 3 : 2 + 2
2
2
5
5
5
3
) (
) (
) (
) (
:
1
2
1

2 3
+1
2
3
4
)
)
1
1
1
3 +
2 3
6
2
4
1
3
3
) 7 +
1
2 +
3

:
1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 2, 5, 0, 3, 1.

.
(+ ).
) 12 ... 5 ... 20 = 3
) 8 ... 9 ... 1 = 0
5 ... 3 ... 10
)
) 0,35 ... 6,15 ... 8,50 = 2
=3
4
4
4
:
) 8 ( ) + ( 5 ) = 3
) 2 ( + ) (4 + ) (2 ) = 0
) 2 ( 3) + (7 + 9) 3 (+2) = 0
x + y = 5 + = 7, :
= 4 (x ) (y )
= ( 5 x + ) + ( 8 + y) ( 4)
10
, , 56 ,
, 32,
= (9 2) (15 2).
11

7,
6,
5,
3,
1,
2,
4,
5,
,
.
16
011-019
3-11-06
00:33
17
1.1

2
.
= ...
23 = 2 2 2 = 8
(3)2 = (3) (3) = 9
-
1 =
0 = 1
= 1
0
0
,
:
= +
: =
23 24 = 23+4 = 27
35 : 33 = 353 = 32
() =
(2) 2 = 22 2 = 4 2
( ) =
( 32 ) =
(23) 2 = 2 6 = 64
( ) =
( ) = ( )
23
8
3 = 27
( 32 ) = ( 23 )
N :
)
(2)2 (3)3
(3 2 2)2
(2)2 (3)3
22 (33)
3
3
22 33
= 2
= 2 4 = 2 =
2 2
2 2
2
4
3 (2 )
(3 2 )
3 2
) x2(xy2)3 : (x2y3)2 =
) x 2 (x y 2 ) 3 : ( x 2 y 3 ) 2
x2(xy2)3
x2x3(y2)3
x 5y 6
=
=
=x
(x2y3)2
(x2)2(y3)2
x 4y 6
x 3 y2 = 3, = x 2 (x 2 y3)2 (x 1 )3 .
A = x2 (x2 y3)2 (x1)3 = x2 x4 y6 x3 = x2 x4 x3 y6 = x9 y6 =

= (x3 y2)3 = (3)3 = 27.
17
011-019
3-11-06
00:33
18
M - 1
N :
A = (2) 2 (3) + 2 32 5 2 (2) : 5 6
B = (2 5 3 2) + 2 (2 3 4) 12 : (3)
H
. = (2)2 (3) + 2 32 52 (2) : 5 6 =

= 4 (3) + 2 9 25 (2) : 5 6 =

= 12 + 18 + 50 : 5 6 =
.
= 12 + 18 + 10 6 =
,
= 10
.

= (2 5 32) + 2 (23 4) 12 : (3) =
,
= (2 5 9) + 2 (8 4) 12 : (3) =

= 10 9 + 2 4 12 : (3) =
.
= 1+8+4=
= 9+4=
= 13
E
1
(), (),
:
) + + + = 4.
) = 4.
) (5)6 56 .
8
8
) 2 3 .
3
2
( )
( )
) (3)2 = 92.
) ( 5)2 .
) 32 .
(= ).
1
) (1)6 ... 1
) 32 ... 9
) 42 ... 16
) 5 ... 2
2
5
0
5
) 2 ... 0
) 1 ... 1
) (7 + 2)2 ... 72 + 22
) 52 ... 1
25
5
2
32
( )
( )
( )
.
i) H 2
3
( )
) 4
9
18
) 9
4
) 9
4
) 4
9
011-019
3-11-06
00:33
19
1.1
ii) H (2)03 :
) 23
) 6
) 23
) 1
iii) H 23 + 32 :
) 55
) 17
) 56
) 65
,
.

.
4 1
(2 )
(25)2 210
(2)2
(24 : 23) 22

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1

4
2 4
4
23
2 4
1
N :
) 2 5 28
) 32 (3)4
) 2 3 53
) (52)4
) 42 : 34
) 27 34
1
35
N :
) (2 2)3 28
) (2,5)4 (4)4
) 34 : 3 2
(6)6
)
26
) (3)2 (3)4
) 412 : 220
N :
) (x2)3 5x4
) (xy3)2 x3y
3
) 2 x : x2
3
) (3x2)3 (2x3)2
) (0,75)2 3
4
( )
) ( 2 ) ( 2 )
3
3
12
) 363 : (12)3
14
) (0,01)3 105
) (2x)2 (2x2)
3
) 3 x : 3 x
2
2
N :
= 3 (2)2 + 4 (7)0 2 8 (21 1) 2 32 = ( 4)2 : 2 5 (3) 22 (2)4
= (2,5)2 (1,25)3 (4)2 (8)3
= (257 84) : (57 404)
,
;
19
020-024
3-11-06
00:35
20
M - 1

x
x
x. ..
25 = 5, 52 = 25

0 = 0.
2
(5) = 25,
(5)2 =
25 = 5 = 5 .
, x :

(7) 2 = 7 = 7,

x2 = xx

72 = 7
,
.
: (
9 )2 = 32 = 9, (
9 )2 = 9.
x
0,
(x )2 = x
1. (= )

4 ...
4

4
100 ...
4 100

100
100
2. :

2 ...
2

2
5 ...
2 5

5
5
4 100 :

4
100 =
4 100

4

100
4

100
2 5. ,
,
. .
, :

=

.

.
20

>0
020-024
3-11-06
00:35
21
1.1
,
.
2
2
2
2
(

) = (
) (
) =
(
) =

,
, .

=
.
.

16 +
9 = 4 + 3 = 7,
16 + 9 =
25 = 5

16 +
9
16 + 9.
:
, ,
+

+
N
20 = 2
5 ,
2
=
.
20 = 4 5 = 22 5
20 =
22 5 =
22
5 = 2
5.
2
2

=

=
.
20 .. 20 = 2 10,
.
N :
) 3
3 + 2
3 = 5
3
)
3
24 = 6
2
)
50
18 = 2
2
) :
3
3 + 2
3 = (3 + 2)
3 = 5
3
)
3
24 =
3 24 =
72 =
36 2 =
36
2 = 6
2
)
50
18 =
25 2
9 2 =
25
2
9
2 = 5
2 3
2 = 2
2
5
, ,
3

.
o
.
5
5
3
5
3
5
3
=
=
=
2
3

3
(

3
3
3)
21
020-024
3-11-06
00:35
22
M - 1
1 2 m 2 3 m 2 .
.
2 = 12 m2,
=
12 m.
T 2 = 3 m2,
=
3 m.
:
= =
12
3 =
12 3 =
3 6 = 6 m 2.
:
= + = + =
12 +
3=

4 3 +
3 = 2
3 +
3 = 3
3 m.
12 m2
3 m2
E
1
:
) 5
) 3
3 +
3 = .....
2 3
2 = .....
)
)
12
3 = .....
18 :
2 = .....

25

25
25

52

(5)2

52
1. 5
2.
3. 5
4
1
9 16
64 36
22
)
5 + 4
5 5
5 = .....
) 3
2
8 = .....

+
+

020-024
7-11-06
21:26
23
1.1
(), (),
.
)
2
3 =
6
)
2 +
3 =
5
)
94 = 32
)
(3)2 = 3
)

( 12 1) = 12
2
)
5
10.
)
12
3.
50 m2.
5
2 m;
N :
) 3
5 7
5 + 2
5
)
) 5
7 8
3 2
7 + 4
3
52 58 37 127
145 107 + 212 143
N :
) 3
2
50 +
32 6
8 = 10
2
)
3
18
2
48 +
)
3,6
4,9
0,8
0,2 = 3,8
N :
12+
)
16

120
=
6

5
)
27
20 +
12
5 = 5
3 3
5
86+2
52

9
6
12
3

9
N
, . ;

5
2

2
4
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
23
3-11-06
00:35
24
M - 1
N :
)
2 (
18 +
8)
)
6 (
27
3)
) (
75 +
45
300 ) :
15
) (
7
5 )(
7 +
5)
N , ,
.
2
3 +
6
) 1
) 4
) 5
)

3

6
2

2
5
N :
)
5 + x = 3
5x
) x =
32

2
)
6 x =
24
) 3
3 x =
27
N (
3 1)(
3 + 1) = 2. 1

, ,
31
.
B
, E
50 m2 8 m2 ,
98 m2.
50 m2
8 m2
10
= 3 cm = 6 cm ,
, , = 2 cm AE = 1 cm.
= 3.
11
( = ),
= 4 cm = 4 cm.
)
4 + 4
5 cm.
) 4
:
4 +
20 , 4 + 2
20 , 8
5 , 2(2 +
20).
;
24
4 cm
020-024
4 cm
025-029
3-11-06
00:38
1.2
25
M
.

.
.
1.
5
5
2.
x
x
y
x

.
2x2 + xy.
x = 5 y = 8,
;
A
, - 6 5 + 2 8,

.
, ,
.
.
4x,
2 52 + 5 8
2 + 2, x2, ,
2x , 2x 2 + xy
y3

, - 2x + 32, 1 + 2 ,
2

.
4 R 3
3
A
,
.
, 2x2 + xy x = 5 y = 8,
2 52 + 5 8 = 90.
25
025-029
1-12-06
21:36
26
M - 1
,

, .
4x,
x2,
2
,
2 x 4y 2 3
3
2x 3 y

,

.

,

.
2x 3 y :
3 x
1 y
4 x y
.
2 x 3 y 2, 5x3y2, x3y2, .
5
,
, .
2x 3 y 2x 3 y .

. , 0
, . ,
5 .
N
) 3x 2 y 3 , x = 2 y = 1
) 2 2 3 + 6 = 3 = 8.
) H 3x 2 y 3 x = 2 y = 1 :
3 (2)2 (1)3 = 3 (+4) (1) = 12.
) 22 3 + 6 = 3 = 8 :
2 (3)2 3 8 + 6 = 2 (+9) 24 + 6 = 18 24 + 6 = 0.
26
025-029
3-11-06
00:38
27
1.2 M
T ( ) , ( cm)
= 100 + t , t ( ) (
10
= 0,9 = 0,8).
, 30
1,77 m.
T ( ) 30 1,77 m = 177 cm,

= 0,9 177 100 + 30 = 0,9 (177 100 + 3) = 0,9 80 = 72 .
10
T ( ) 30 1,77 m = 177 cm,

= 0,8 177 100 + 30 = 0,8 (177 100 + 3) = 0,8 80 = 64 .
10

,
. , .
= 10 cm.
T 2, (2)2 = 42.
2, 42 2.
42 2
42 2 = (4 )2 = (4 3,14)2 = 0,862
0,86 2.
= 10 cm 0,86 102 = 0,86 100 = 86 cm2.
E
1
;
x 3y
) 3 + x2y
)
) 2x2y3
) (3
) 3x2y
2 )3
2
:
) 3 xy 3
) x3y ) 5y3x
) 6x2y2
5
)
xy 3
7
) x2y2
) yx3
yx 3
4
) 2 3
3
) 5 y 2 x 2
2
)
2xy3
27
025-029
3-11-06
00:38
28
M - 1
N :

x
y
x y
5xy 4
xy 2
1
x2y5
7

3 x4
1 xy23.
3
.
O
1.

( ).
2. 8, 5, 0, 3.
3.
3x2 y.
4. 2x2y 2.
5. 6 x3y, 3x3y.
2
6. O xy.
7. xy2 4xy2
( ).
8. .
28
1. .
2. 7x4y5 x
4.
3.

.
4. 5xy2,
25 xy2.
5. E 425, 25.
6. H ......... 2x2y
x = 2 y = 1 8.
7. 6, 3, 7.
8. .
025-029
3-11-06
00:38
29
1.2 M
N :
) 2xy3 + x2y 4 x = 2 y = 1
) 2 x2 + 1 3 x = 3 = 2
3
2
5 , .
7
, 2 5.
, 3xy2
) x
) x y
) 48, x = 2 y = 1.
. , , 4x3y, xy2 :
)
)
)

.
,
.
, = 10;
9 .

,
2 1 .

.
, x = 12;
29
030-032
3-11-06
00:45
30
M - 1

.. 5x3 + 2x3

5x 3 + 2x 3 = (5 + 2)x 3 = 3x 3
:

.
, 12x2y 3x2y = 15x2y.
A , 3x 5y, 3x + 5y
.

.. (2x)(3x2y)
(2x)(3x 2 y) = (2)x 3x 2 y = (2) 3(xx 2 )y = 6x 3 y .
:
:

.
(3x 4 y 3 ) 2 x3 = 6 x 5 y 3 4.
5
5

, ,
.
,
12 4 y 2
y
1
12 4
2
(12x 4y2) : (4x 2y) = 12x 4y 2 2 =

=

= 3x 2.
2
2
4x y
: (7xy 4 ) : (x 3 y) =
4x y
7 y 4
7y 3
=
x2
x3y
,
.
30
030-032
3-11-06
00:45
31
1.2 M
N :
) 7x 2 1 x 2 + 4x 2
2
( 23 xy ) (
2
1 x3 y2
4
) 3 3 : 1 3
4
2
) (
) 7x2 1 x2 + 4x2 = 7 1 + 4 x2 = 14 1 + 8 x2 = 7 x2
2
2
2
2
2
2
) 2 xy2 1 x3 y 2 = 2 x4 y4 = 1 x4 y 4
3
4
12
6
) (
=
( 34 ) : ( 12 ) = 34 : ( 2 ) = 34 ( 2 ) = 6
4
3
.
t sec
,
, .
32
22
A
= 1 gt2, g = 10 m/sec2 . = 5t2.
2
A ,
t sec
2
= 1 g t
2
2
( )=
1 10 t2 = 5 t2.
2
4
4
H = = 5t2 5 t2 = 20 t2 5 t2 = 15 t2.
4
4
4
4
M , ,
.

. ;
V1 = 2.
,
V2 = (2)2 = (42) = 42. V2 V1 = 42 2 = 32,
2 .
.
31
030-032
3-11-06
00:45
32
M - 1
E
1
(), ()
.
) .
) .
) .
) .
:
) 5x2 + 2x2 = ..........
) 5x2 2x3 = ..........
) 4x2y yx2 = ..........
) 2xy y2 = ..........
12x3 y
4x2
) 5x43 (.....) = 10x64 )
=
........
y
) 3x 2y + 2x = ..........
) 6x3y : 3xy = ..........
) 3x2y ..... = 4x2y
N :
) 7x2y + 4x2y
) 4x2 6x2 + x2 ) 6x3 9 x3
2
) 0,25 0,35 + 0,5 ) 2 xy24 1,2xy24 ) 3
2x2 + 4
2x2
2x2
5
N :
) 3x 5x2
) 6x2 3 x3
) 2xy3 (3x2y)
) 3x2y (2xy4)
4
) 1 3 43
3
) 4 x32 1 x3
3
4
:
2
) 1 x2y (6xy3)
3
) (
)
) (0,5 ) : ( 7 )
) (x ) : ( 1 x )
4
10
3
) (2x2y3)3 : (8x3y4)
3 7
2 2
) (2xy43)2 (x2y)3
x
x
2x
x
x
2x
2x
B
y
32
.
;
)
)
)
)
y
)
x
) 1 35 : 6 22
3
5
) 8x2y : (2xy2)
) (0,84x25) : (0,12x3)
N :
) 123 : (3)
) 2 xy3 (3x2) 5 y3
5
6
033-037
7-11-06
16:09
1. 3
33
M ,
.
M .
A
1. .
2. .
;
3. ,
.
,
.
,
, . ..
3x2y + 2xy4 5x3y3
K
.
3x2y + 2xy4 5x3y3

3x2y, 2xy4, 5x3y3.
E,
,
3 2 2
, .
2 2 3 + 4

, .
3x2y + 2xy4 5x3y3

3 x,
4 y,
6 x y.
, , ,
. ,
, .
33
033-037
3-11-06
00:50
34
M - 1
3x + 2x2 + 5 x
(x) Q(x) A(x) ...
(x) = 3x + 2x2 + 5
, .
, (x) = 2x2 3x + 5.
T, , x.
H (x) x = 5, (5) :
(5) = 2 52 3 5 + 5 = 50 15 + 5 = 40.
,
.
3x2 5x + 1 x2 + x + 1
, = 3 = 5.

,
, .

.
22 3 + 42 5 =
22 + 42 3 5 = 62 8
,
,
.

.
, (x) = 3x3 2x2 7x 5 (x) = 2x3 x2 + x
:
(x) + B(x) = (3x3 2x2 7x 5) + (2x3 x2 + x) = ( )
= 3x3 2x2 7x 5 + 2x3 x2 + x =
( )
3
2
= 5x 3x 6x 5.
, :
(x) B(x) = (3x3 2x2 7x 5) (2x3 x2 + x) =
= 3x3 2x2 7x 5 2x3 + x2 x =
= x3 x2 8x 5.
34
) (x) = 4x 2 8x + x 3 5
x .
) (x) Q(x) = x 2 + x + ,
, , , ;
033-037
7-11-06
16:10
35
1.3 o
) (x) = 4x2 8x + x3 5, x
(x) = x3 + 4x2 8x 5. To P(x) , 0
, = 0.
) (x) = x3 + 4x2 8x 5 Q(x) = x2 + x + ,
= 0, = 4, = 8 = 5.
x
500 C , 1 0 C
1 2
(, , ...)
x C (,
10
...). x ;
, 50 ;
10 C,
x 10x C. C,
(x) = 1 x2 + 10x + 500
10
50 :
(50) = 1 502 + 10 50 + 500 = 1 2500 + 500 + 500 = 1250 C
10
10
(x) = x 2 3x + 4, Q(x) = P(2x) P(x).
o (2x) , (x) , x 2x, :

(2x) = (2x)2 3(2x) + 4 = 4x2 6x + 4
(x) , (x) , x x, :
(x) = (x)2 3(x) + 4 = x2 + 3x + 4. :
Q(x) = P(2x) P(x) = (4x2 6x + 4) (x2 + 3x + 4) =
= 4x2 6x + 4 x2 3x 4 = 3x2 9x
E
1
;
) 3x4 7x2 12
) 4x3 5x2 + 2x 1
x
)
) x3 + 2x2y
2 x2y 5xy + y2 + 1
x y2 + 3y3
3
2 x;
) 7 3x 2x2
) 3x2 5x 3x2 + 10
) 4x3 + x2 3x3 + 2x x3 + 6
) 2xy 3y + 9
35
033-037
3-11-06
00:50
36
M - 1
4x3 8x2 + x + 7 x3 6x + 2
2
3
4x 8x2 + x + 7
4x 8x + x + 7
+ x3
6x + 2
+ x3
+ 6x 2
3
2
3
2
5x 8x 5x + 9
3x 8x + 7x + 5
E ; .
3
.
2x2 + 5x + 7
8x2 + 4x 5 :
) 6x2 + x 2
) 10x2 + 9x + 2
) 6x2 x 12
) 6x2 + x + 12.
T (x), B(x) (x) 2, 3 2 .

) (x) + B(x).
) A (x) + (x) , ;
N x.
) P(x) = 3x 5x2 + x4 + 10 + 2x3
) Q(x) = 6x + 2x3 + 1
) A(x) = 3x2 + 7 + 2x3 + 7x
) (x) = x x4 5
= 2xy2 + y3 + 2x3 xy2.

) x = 2 y = 1.
) y.
x y;
A (x) = 2x2 + 2x 9, :
) (3) = (2)
) 3(1) + (3) = 0

, 100
2x .
) .
)
, 60 .
36
100 m
2x
033-037
3-11-06
00:50
37
1.3 o
N :
) (2x2 x) (x3 5x2 + x 1)
) (22 3) (2 + 4) (2 + 2)
)
( 12 x
3 x + 1 1 x + x2 1
4
6
3
) (
) 3x2y (2xy yx2) + (3xy y3)

) 22 4 3 (2 + 5)
) (0,4x3 + 2,3x2) + (3,6x3 0,3x2 + 4)
A (x) = 2x3 x2 + x 4, B(x) = 3x3 + 5x 2 (x) = 4x2 3x + 8,

:
) (x) B(x)
) (x) + (x)
) (x) A(x) + B(x)
N :
) (... ..... 4x ... .....) + (x2 ... ..... + 4) = 6x2 8x + 7
) (x3 ... ..... + 8) (... ..... + x2 ... .....) = x3 x2 + 5x + 9
. ( , ).
2x2+2x3 7x2+3x 4
9x23x+2
4x2+4x5
A P(x) = (5x2 + 4x 3) (x2 2x + 1) + (3x2 + x) Q(x) = x2 + x + ,

, , , (x) Q(x) .
10

t sec
= 2 m/sec2.
,
10 sec .

.
,
t = 5 sec;
37
038-041
7-11-06
16:11
1.4
38
1. ( + )
3x2(2x3 + 6x).
2. ( + )( + )
(3x2y + 2y)(2x2 + 5).

3x2(2x3 + 6x) 3x2
2x3 + 6x, ,
3x2(2x3 + 6x) = 3x2 2x3 + 3x2 6x = 6x5 + 18x3
:
, .

(3x2y + 2y)(2x2 + 5)
3x2y + 2y 2x2 + 5, ,

(3x2y + 2y)(2x2 + 5) = 3x2y 2x2 + 3x2y 5 + 2y 2x2 + 2y 5 =
= 6x4y + 15x2y + 4x2y + 10y = 6x4y + 19x2y + 10y
:
,

.
,

.
38
038-041
7-11-06
16:12
39
1.4
N :
) 2 x 2 y x 1 y 3
3
3
2
) 4x( 2x + 3x 1) 3x 2 (2x + 5)
) (2x 2 5x + 6)(x 2)
) 2 x 2 (x + 4)(x 1)
) 2 x 2 y x 1 y 3 = 2 x 3 y + 2 x 2 y 2 + 2x 2 y
3
3
3
9
) (2x2 5x + 6)(x 2) = 2x3 4x2 5x2 + 10x + 6x 12 = 2x3 9x2 + 16x 12

) 4x(2x2 + 3x 1) 3x2(2x + 5) = 8x3 + 12x2 4x + 6x3 15x2 = 2x3 3x2 4x
) 2x2 (x + 4)(x 1) = 2x2(x2 x + 4x 4) = 2x2(x2 + 3x 4) = 2x4 6x3 + 8x2
O
. ,
()
(2x2 5x + 6)(x 2)
:
2x2 5x + 6
x 2
2
2
2 (2x 5x + 6)
4x + 10x 12
2
3
x (2x 5x + 6) + 2x 5x2 + 6 x
2x3 9x2 + 16x 12
x
x
,
.
,
,

.
x+10
2x
H 2x + y 4x + 10,
(2x + y)(4x + 10).
y x + 10,
y(x + 10).
, :
(2x + y)(4x + 10) y(x + 10) = 8x2 + 20x + 4xy + 10y xy 10y =
= 8x2 + 20x + 3xy
39
038-041
3-11-06
00:54
40
M - 1
E
1

, .

.
x(x + 1)
(x + 1)(x 1)
x(x 1)
(x + 1)(1 + x)
(x + 1)(x + 2)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
B
x2 x
x2 + 1
x2 + 2x + 1
x2 + 2x + 3
x2 + x
x2 + 3x + 2
x2 1
(), ()
.
) (x) 3 Q(x)
2, (x) Q(x) 6.
) (x) Q(x) 7
(x) 3, Q(x) 4.
:
) x(2x + .....) = ..... + 4x
) 3x2(..... 2) = 3x 3 y .....
) (x + 5)(..... + 3) = 2x2 + ..... + 10x + ..... ) (x2 + y)(x .....) = ..... x2 y 2 + ..... y3
.
i) O
:
) 3x + 1 ) x3 + 1 ) x3 + x2
) x3 + x
ii) T :
) 6x2 + 4x + 1
) 4x2 + 6x
) 6x2 + 4x + 2
) 6x2 + 4x
O

:
) (x + 2)(x + 3)
) 2x 3x
2
) x + 6
) x2 + 5x + 6
;
40
x
x+1
038-041
3-11-06
00:54
41
1.4
N :
) 3x 2 y(5x + 2y)
) 5x(2x 3) 3x(2 3x)
N :
) (2 3)(4 + 2)
) 3x2(2x + 3)(5 x)
) (2x2 3x 4)(3x2 + x)
) 4x(2x 2 x + 2) 8x
) 2xy(x2 3y2) 4x(x 2 y 2y 3)
) (x 2 2x + 4)(x + 2) 8
) (4 3x)(5 2x) 6x(x 4)
) (3x2 2xy 5y 2)(4y x)
N :
) (3x 2)(x2 x)(4x 3)
) 2x(x2 x + 1)(x 2) (x 1)(2x 3)(x + 2)
) (2x + y)(x2 3xy) (3x y)(4x + y)(2x 3y)
N :
) (x2 4x + 4)(x2 + 4x + 4) x2(x2 8) 16 = 0
) (3 + 8)( ) ( + 2)( 3) = 62
(x) = 2x2 + 5x 3 Q(x) = 4x 5, :

) (x) Q(x)
) P(x) 3Q(x) + 11x 12
) P(x) 2 Q(x) + 3
P(x) = 3x(2x + 4)(x 1) Q(x) = x3 + x2 + x + ,

, , , , (x) Q(x) .
x

.
y
x
2x
y
x
5 . 3
1 ,
4x + 2 .
41
042-052
3-11-06
00:58
1. 5
42
.
.
.
A
1. 3x = 12, x + y = 7, 4 = 3 + , x(x + 2) = x2 + 2x,
;
x
2. ) .
)
;
i) x2 + 9
ii) (x + 3)2
iii) x2 + 6x
iv) 6x + 9
) N

.
3
3
x
3
x
x
Y
. , 3x = 12, x = 4
x. O, x + y = 7, x = 1
y = 6, x = 3 y = 4, x = 4 y = 5.
Y ,
: + = + , 4 = 3 + , x(x + 2) = x2 + 2x.
.

.
T ,
. :
42
3-11-06
00:58
43
1.5 A
)
( + )2 ( + )( + )
, :
( + )2 = ( + )( + ) =
= 2 + + + 2 =
= 2 + 2 + 2

( + ) 2 = 2 + 2 + 2

( + )2.
, (y + 4)2 ,

y 4, :
(y + 4)2 = y2 + 2 y 4 + 42 = y2 + 8y + 16.
H , ,
,
, ..
( + )2 = 2 +
(2x + 3y)2 = (2x)2 + 2 2x 3y + (3y)2 = 4x2 + 12xy + 9y2

2
+ 2
)
( )2 ( )( )
,

( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2

.
+ ,
:
= ( + )2
(1)

.
= 2 + + + 2
2
= + 2 +
(2)
(1) (2)
( + ) 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 .
( )2 = 2
:
( )2 = ( )( ) = 2 + 2 = 2 2 + 2
, (y 4)2 ,
y 4,
:
(y 4)2 = y2 2 y 4 + 42 = y2 8y + 16
O, (3x 4y)2
:
(3x 4y)2 = (3x)2 2 (3x) (4y) + (4y)2 = 9x2 24xy + 16y2
( ) 2 = 2 2 + 2
042-052
+ 2
43
042-052
3-11-06
00:58
44
M - 1
)
( + )3 ( + )( + )2 + ( + )2, :
( + )3 = ( + )( + )2 =
= ( + )(2 + 2 + 2) =
= 3 + 22 + 2 + 2 + 22 + 3 =
= 3 + 32 + 32 + 3

( + ) 3 = 3 + 3 2 + 3 2 + 3

( ) 3 = 3 3 2 + 3 2 3
:
(x + 2)3 = x3 + 3 x2 2 + 3 x 22 + 23 = x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8
(2x 5)3 = (2x)3 3 (2x)2 5 + 3 (2x) 52 53 = 8x3 60x2 + 150x 125.
)
( + )( ) :
( + )( ) = 2 + 2 = 2 2

( + )( ) = 2 2

. , :
(x + 2)(x 2) = x2 22 = x2 4
(3 + 2)(3 2) = (3)2 (2)2 = 92 42
)
( )(2 + + 2) :
( )(2 + + 2) = 3 + 2 + 2 2 2 3 = 3 3

( )( 2 + + 2) = 3 3

( + )( 2 + 2) = 3 + 3

. :
(x 2)(x2 + 2x + 4) = (x 2)(x2 + 2x + 22) = x3 23 = x3 8
(x + 3)(x2 3x + 9) = (x + 3)(x2 3x + 32) = x3 + 33 = x3 + 27
44
042-052
3-11-06
00:58
45
1.5 A
) ( + + ) 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2.
) (3x + 2y + 4) 2.
) ( + + ) = ( + + )( + + ) =
= 2 + + + + 2 + + + + 2 =
= 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2.
) ,
(3x + 2y + 4)2 :
(3x + 2y + 4)2 =
= (3x)2+(2y)2+42+2 3 x2y+22y4+23x4 =
= 9x2 + 4y2 + 16 + 12xy + 16y + 24x.
(++)2 = 2+2+2+2+2+2
)
2 + 2 = ( + ) 2 2 3 + 3 = ( + ) 3 3( + ).
2
4
8
) x +
= 3, x2 + 2 x3 + 3 .
x
x
x
) :
( + )2 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 2 = 2 + 2
( + )3 3( + ) = 3 + 32 + 32 + 3 32 32 = 3 + 3.
) x2 +
4
2
x2 +
x2
x
( )
2 + 2 = ( + )2 2 :
4
2 2
2 2
2
x2 + 2 = x2 +
= x+
2x
= 32 2 2 = 9 4 = 5.
x
x
x
x
( ) (
8
2 3
x3 +

3
x
x
3 + 3 = ( + )3 3( + ) :
8
2 3
2 3
2
2
x3 + 3 = x3 +
= x+
3x
x+
= 33 3 2 3 = 27 18 = 9
x
x
x
x
x
( )
H x3 +
( ) (
,
,
;
To 2. ,
45
042-052
3-11-06
00:58
46
M - 1

+ , ( )( + ) = 2 2.
, 2 2 2,
2.
2

5
3
.

5 , (3
5 )(3 +
5 ) = 32 (
5 )2 = 9 5 = 4.
3 +
2
2(3 +
5)
2(3 +
5)
3 +
5
=
=
=
.
5
4
2
3
5 )(3 +
5)
(3
) ( 1)( + 1) + 1 = 2.
) 2007 2009 + 1
, .
) ( 1)( + 1) + 1 = (2 12 ) + 1 = 2 1 + 1 = 2.
) = 2008, 1 = 2007 + 1 = 2009.
:
2007 2009 + 1 = ( 1)( + 1) + 1 = 2 = 20082.
, 2007 2009 + 1 2008.

..
99 101 = (100 1)(100 + 1) = 100 2 1 2 = 10000 1 = 9999
1032 = (100 + 3) 2 = 100 2 + 2 100 3 + 3 2 = 10609
:
) (2x 3) 2 2(3x 1)(3x + 1)
) (x 2y) 3 (x y)(x 2 + xy + y 2).
) (2x 3)2 2(3x 1)(3x + 1) = (2x)2 2 2x 3 + 32 2(3x)2 12 =

= (4x2 12x + 9) 2(9x2 1) =
= 4x2 12x + 9 18x2 + 2 = 14x2 12x + 11
) (x 2y)3 (x y)(x2 + xy + y 2) = x 3 3 x2 2y + 3 x (2y)2 (2y)3 (x3 y 3)=
= x3 6x 2y + 12xy 2 8y3 x3 + y3 =
= 6x 2y + 12xy 2 7y3
46
042-052
3-11-06
00:58
47
1.5 A
( 2 + 2)( x 2 + y 2) = (x + y) 2 + (y x) 2
( T Lagrange) .
1 :
(2 + 2)(x2 + y2) = 2 x 2 + 2 y 2 + 2 x 2 + 2 y 2
2 :
(x + y)2 + (y x)2 = (x)2 + 2(x)(y) + (y)2 + (y)2 2(y)(x) + (x)2 =
= 2 x 2 + 2xy + 2 y 2 + 2 y 2 2xy + 2 x 2 =
= 2x2 + 2y2 + 2x2 + 2y2
(2 + 2)(x2 + y2) = (x + y)2 + (y x)2.
= , :

( 1, 2, 5)
1
= .
2
= .
= = = ( 7).
E
1
2
;
) (x + 3)2 = x2 + 6x + 9
) 0x = 0
) x + y = 0
) 2 = 3
) = 0
.
i) (x + )2 :
) x2 + 2
) x2 2x + 2
) x2 + x + 2
) x2 + 2x + 2
ii) (2 + 1)2 :
) 22 + 4 + 1
) 42 + 1
) 42 + 4 + 1
) 42 + 2 + 1
iii) (y 2)2 :
) y2 2y + 4
) y2 4
) y2 4y + 4
) y2 + 4y + 4
(), (),
.
) (x y)2 = x2 2x(y) + (y)2
) ( + )2 = 2 2 + 2
) (5 + 4)2 = 252 + 16
) (3x y)2 = 3x2 2 3x y + y2
47
042-052
3-11-06
00:58
48
M - 1
.
i) T (x + 1)3 :
) x3 + 3 x 1 + 13
) x3 + 13
) x3 + 3 x2 1 + 3 x 12 + 13
) x3 + x2 1 + x 12 + 13
ii) T ( 2)3 :
) 3 3 2 + 23
) 3 23
) 3 2 2 + 22 23
) 3 3 2 2 + 3 22 23
() (),
.
) (x y)3 = x3 3x2y 3xy2 y3
) (2x + 3)3 = 2x3 + 3 2x2 3 + 3 2x 32 + 33
) (3x 1)3 = (3x)3 3(3x)2 1 + 3(3x) 12 + 13
) (x + 2)3 = x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8
.
i) T (y 3)(y + 3) :
) y 2 3
) 9 y 2
) y 2 9
) 3 y 2
ii) T (y + x)(x y) :
) y 2 x2
) x2 y 2
) (x y)2
) x2 + y 2
iii) T ( 2)( + 2) :
) 2 22
) 2 + 42 ) 42 2
) 2 42
iv) T (5 x)(52 + 5x + x2) :

) 53 + x3
) x3 53
) 53 x3
) 25 x3
v) To (x + 2)(x2 2x + 42) :
) x3 + 23
) x3 (2)3 ) x3 23

, .

. (x + y)(y x)
. (x + y)2
. (y x)2
. (x y)(x2 + xy + y2)
. (x + y)(x2 xy + y2)
. (x y)3
48
) x3 + 83
B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
x
x3
x3
y2
x2
x2
x3
x3
2xy + y 2
y3
3x 2 y + 3xy 2 + y3
x2
+ 2xy + y2
y2
+ y3
3x 2 y + 3xy 2 y3
042-052
3-11-06
00:58
49
1.5 A
N :
) (x + 2)2
) (y + 5)2
) (3y + 2)2
) (x2 + 1)2
) (x +
2)2
) (
x +
y )2
N :
) (x 3)2
) (y 5)2
) (3y 2)2
) (x2 2)2
) (x
3 )2
) (
x
y )2
) (2 + 1)2
) ( y2 + y)2
1 2
) +
2
) ( + 2)2
) (2x2 + 3x)2
4 2
) +
) (3 1)2
) (y2 y)2
3 2
)
2
) (2 )2
) (2x2 5x)2
2 2
)
X :
) (
) (
) (
) (1
3 + 1)2
6 +
5)2
2 3)2
7)2
:
) (x ... .....)2 = ..... + ..... + 9
) (..... .....)2 = 16x2 ... 8x ... .....
:
) (x + 1)3
) (y + 4)3
) (x2 + 3)3
) (y2 + y)3
) (3 1)3
) (2x 3y)3
) ( ..... ... 4)2 = y2 ..... ... .....

) (..... ... 2)2 = ..... 4x2 ... .....
) (2 + 1)3
) (x 2)3
) (y2 2)3
:
) (x 1)(x + 1)
) (y 2)(y + 2)
) (x + 4)(4 x)
) (x y)(x y)
) (2x + 7y)(2x 7y)
) (x
2 )(x +
2)
) (3 + 2)3
) (y 5)3
) (2 2)3
) (3 )(3 + )
) (x + y)(x y)
) (
x +
y )(
x
y)
(x) = (x 3)2 + (3x + 1)2 10(x 1)(x + 1)

.
) ( )( + )(2 + 2)(4 + 4) = 8 8.
) : 9 11 101 10001.
, ,
.
1
6
5
12
)
)
)
)
3 +
2

51

7
3
2
3 +
6
49
042-052
3-11-06
00:58
50
M - 1
10
11
12
:
) (x 3)(x2 + 3x + 9)
) (2 + 1)(42 2 + 1)
) (y + 2)(y 2 2y + 4)
) (1 )(1 + + 2)
:
) (x 4)2 + (2x + 5)2
) (x + y)2 (x 2y)(x + 2y) + (2x y)2
) (2 + 1)3 + (2 1)3
)
2
3
2
3
) ( + ) ( )
)
) (x2 1)2 (x2 3)(x2 + 3)

) (3x 4)2 + (3x + 4)2 2(3x 4)(3x + 4)
( + 2)3 ( + 2)(2 2 + 4)
(4 1)3 (8 + 1)(8 1)
:
) (x 2y)2 (2x y)2 + 3x2 = 3y2
) ( 3)2 + (3 + 2)(3 2) (3 )2 = 2 + 42
) (x 1)(x + 1)3 2x(x 1)(x + 1) = x4 1
) (2 + 2)2 (2)2 = (2 2)2
) ( 4)2 + (2 3)2 = 2 + (2 5)2
) (2x2 + 2x)2 + (2x + 1)2 = (2x2 + 2x + 1)2
13
A x = 3 +
5 y = 3
5, :
2
2
) xy
) x y
) x2 + y2
) x3 + y3
14
5
) +
) ( 5 ) = 20
1
1
) x = (2005 +
(2005
401 )
401 )
(
15
16
17
50
A ,
.
5x+2
.
.
3x+2
.

4x+1
.

.
4
. ;
2 + 2 ( )2
.
2
) ,
10 cm, 2 cm.
) =
042-052
3-11-06
00:58
51
1.5 A
18

,
.

;
.

+
1
(+)0=
1
1
1
1 + 1
(+) =
2
2
1 + 2 + 12
1
2
1
(+) =
1 3
1 3
3
1
13 + 32 + 32 +1
(+)3=
1 4
1
4
6
4
1
14+ 43 + 622 + 43 +1
(+)4=
1
1 (+)5= .... + .... + .... + .... + .... + ....
1
1 (+)6= .... .... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... .... .... ...
1
+ .
1.
,
.
Blaise Pascal (1623 - 1662)
.
1.

;
2. ( + )5
( + )6,
.
3. ( )6,
,
, +.
.. ( )2 = 2 2 + 2, ( )3 = 3 32 + 32 3
4. ;
51
042-052
3-11-06
00:59
52
M - 1

A , ,
, ,
2 = 2 + 2 (1)

;
, , ,
(1), .
5, 4, 3 52 = 42 + 32.
, , ;
(6 ..)
2 + 1
2 1
,
, , ( = 3, 5, 7, ...)
2
2
.
) ;
) .
(5 4 ..)
2
2
1, , ( = 4, 6, 8, ...)
+ 1,
4
4
.
) ;
)
.
O (3 ..)
,
(
). 2 + 2, 2 2, 2,
, , .
) ;
)
.
(,
...)
( ,
...).
52
053-062
3-11-06
01:05
1. 6
53
1. :
) 7,32 25 + 7,32 75
) 347
7
1
347
6
6
R=32,50 m
2. R = 32,50 m
= 7,50 m.

.
=7,50 m
, , ,
,
.
, ,
, .
, R2 2
(R2 2) (R + )(R ) = R2 2,
:
R 2 2 = (R 2 2 ) = (R + )(R )
(R + )(R )

.
, ,
.
,
.
53
053-062
3-11-06
01:05
54
M - 1

,

.
3 + 3 3 =
3( + )
, 3 + 3 3
3, :
3 + 3 3 = 3( + ).
22 2 + 2, 2 2 + 2 1,
2 .

,
:
:
22
=
2
22 2 + 2 = 2( + 1).
(2 2 ) : ( 2 ) =
,
2.
(2) : (2) =
2
=
2
(2) : (2) =
2
=1
2
N :
) 12x 2 y 30xy 2 + 6 x 2 y 2
) ( x) + 3(x )
) 3(2x 1) + x(4x 2)
)
6xy, :
12x 2 y 30xy 2 + 6x 2 y 2 =
= 6xy(2x 5y + xy)
) , ( x)
3(x ).
x,
3( x), :
( x) + 3(x ) =
= ( x) 3( x) =
= ( x)( 3)
) A
2,
2x 1, :
3(2x 1) + x(4x 2) =
= 3(2x 1) + 2x(2x 1)=
= (2x 1)(3 + 2x)
) ()
x + y + 2x + 2y,
. ,
54
053-062
3-11-06
01:05
55
1.6
2,
x + y. , :
x + y + 2x + 2y = (x + y) + 2(x + y) = (x + y) ( + 2)
T .
. , :
x + y + 2x + 2y = ( + 2) + y( + 2) = ( + 2) (x + y)
N :
) 3 3 + 9
) 3x 3 12x 2 + 5x 20
) 3x 2 + 5xy + 2y 2
) 3x3 12x2 + 5x 20 = 3x2(x 4) + 5(x 4) = (x 4)(3x2 + 5)

) 3 3 + 9 = ( 3) 3( 3) = ( 3)( 3)
) 3x2 + 5xy + 2y2 = 3x2 + 3xy + 2xy + 2y2 =
= 3x(x + y) + 2y(x + y) =
= (x + y)(3x + 2y).
M ,

.. 5xy = 3xy + 2xy
)

( + )( ) = 2 2, :
2 2 = ( + )( )
,
, .. 2 9 = 2 3 2 = ( + 3) ( 3).
N : ) 4 2 25
) (3x 1) 2 81
) 2 7.
) 42 25 = (2)2 52 = (2 + 5)(2 5)
) (3x 1)2 81 = (3x 1)2 92 =
= (3x 1 + 9)(3x 1 9) =
= (3x + 8)(3x 10)
2
) 2 7 = 2 (
7 ) = (
7 )( +
7)
55
053-062
3-11-06
01:05
56
M - 1
)
( )(2 + + 2) = 3 3 ( + )(2 + 2) = 3 + 3
:
3 3 = ( )(2 + + 2)
3 + 3 = ( + )(2 + 2)
,
, ..
x 3 64 = x 3 4 3 = (x 4) (x 2 + x 4 + 42) = (x 4) (x 2 + 4x + 16)
y 3 + 27 = y 3 + 3 3 = (y + 3) (y 2 y 3 + 32) = (y + 3) (y 2 3y + 9)
N : ) x3 27
) x3 + 64
) 8 3 3
) x3 27 = x3 33 = (x 3)(x2 + x 3 + 32) =
= (x 3)(x2 + 3x + 9)
) x3 + 64 = x3 + 43 = (x + 4)(x2 x 4 + 42) =
= (x + 4)(x2 4x + 16)
) 83 3 = (2)3 3 = (2 )(2)2 + 2 + 2 = (2 )(42 + 2 + 2)
)
( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2 ( )2 = 2 2 + 2 :
2 + 2 + 2 = ( + )2
2 2 + 2 = ( )2
,
( ), ..
O (x + 2)2
(y 3)2
x 2 + 4x + 4 = x 2 + 2 x 2 + 22 = (x + 2) 2
,
y 2 6y + 9 = y 2 2 y 3 + 32 = (y 3) 2
(x + 2) 2 = (x + 2)(x + 2)
(y 3) 2 = ( y 3) ( y 3)
N :
) 4 2 + 12 + 9
) 2 10 + 25 2
) 4y 2 + 4y 1
) 42 + 12 + 9 = (2)2 + 2 2 3 + 32 = (2 + 3)2
56
053-062
3-11-06
01:05
57
1.6
) 2 10 + 252 = 2 2 5 + (5)2 =
= ( 5)2
) 4y2 + 4y 1 = (4y2 4y + 1) =
= (2y)2 2 2y 1 + 12 =
= (2y 1)2
2
+ 2 + 2 2 2 + 2
) x 2 + ( + )x +
(x + )(x + ) x2 + ( + )x + ,
(x + )(x + ) = x2 + x + x + = x2+ ( + )x + .
, x2 + ( + )x +

x2 + ( + )x + = (x + )(x + )
, x2 + 8x + 12
12 ( ) 8 ( x).
Y 12 (.. 1 12, 2 6, 3 4 ...).
, 2 6 8. :
2 + 8 + 12 = 2 + (6 + 2) + 6 2 = ( + 6)( + 2)
N :
) x2 8x + 12
) x2 + 5x 6
) 3y 2 + 12y 9
) x2 8x +12,
12
8.
,
.
2 6.
x2 8x + 12 = (x 2)(x 6)
( 2)+( 6)
x 2 8 x + 12 = (x 2)(x 6)
( 2)(( 6)
) x2 + 5x 6,
, 6 5.
6 1, x2 + 5x 6 = (x + 6)(x 1).
) 3y2 + 12y 9, 3, y2 1,
3y2 + 12y 9 = 3(y2 4y + 3)
y2 4y + 3,
3 4. 3 1,
3y2 + 12y 9 = 3(y2 4y + 3) = 3(y 3)(y 1).
57
053-062
3-11-06
01:05
58
M - 1
) 3x 2 18x.
) 3x 2 = 18x.
) H 3x2 18x : 3x2 18x = 3x(x 6).

) 3x2 = 18x 3x2 18x = 0
3x(x 6) = 0. 3x(x 6)
, 3x = 0 x 6 = 0, x = 0 x = 6.
x
1
y
A ,
.
.
x
1
1
y
y
, 1
,
, = x 1 + y 1 + xy + 1 1 = x + y + xy + 1.
x
, x + y + xy + 1=(x + xy) + (y + 1) =
= x(1 + y) + (1 + y) = (1 + y)(x + 1).
, 1 + y 1 + x.
1
y

:
) 786 45 + 786 55 ) 2005 2 1995 2 ) 565 499 + 565 66 435 2.
) 786 45 + 786 55 = 786(45 + 55) = 786 100 = 78600

) 20052 19952 = (2005 1995)(2005 + 1995) = 10 4000 = 40000
) 565 499 + 565 66 4352 = 565(499 + 66) 4352 = 5652 4352 =
(565 435)(565 + 435) = 130 1000 = 130000
:
) 3x 2 y 12y 3
) 5x 2 y + 1 0 x 2 + 5 x y + 10x
) 16 3 54
) x 2 4x + 4 y 2
) x 4 16y 4
) 3x 3 + 1 2 x 2 15x
) 3x2 y 12y 3 = 3y(x2 4y2 ) = 3y x2 (2y)2 = 3y(x 2y)(x + 2y)

) 5x2 y + 10x2 + 5xy + 10x = 5x(xy + 2x + y + 2) = 5x y(x + 1) + 2(x + 1) =
= 5x(x + 1)(y + 2)
58
053-062
3-11-06
01:05
59
1.6
) x 4 16y 4 = (x2)2 (4y2 )2 = (x2 + 4y2)(x2 4y2 ) = (x2 + 4y2) x2 (2y)2 =
= (x2 + 4y2 )(x 2y)(x + 2y)
) 163 54 = 2(83 27) = 2(2)3 33 = 2(2 3)(42 + 6 + 9)
) x 2 4x + 4 y 2 = (x2 2 x 2 + 22) y2 = (x 2)2 y2 = (x 2 + y)(x 2 y).
) 3x3 + 12x2 15x = 3x(x2 + 4x 5)
To x2 + 4x 5 , 5
4, 5 1.
, 3x2 + 12x2 15x = 3x(x2 + 4x 5) = 3x(x + 5)(x 1).
E
1
;
) 2(x y)(x + y)
) 2 + (x y)(x + y)
) 4( )2
) 4 + ( )2
) (x + 2y)x y
) (x + 2y)(x y)
) ( + )( + 3)
) ( + )( + 3) + 1.
.
) 8x + 16 = 8(.............)
) 3y y 2 = y(.............)
) 6x2 + 12x = .............(x + 2)
) 4x2 + 8x = 4x(.............)
)
) (x 1)2 (x 1) = (x 1)(.............)
2x +
2 =
2(.............)
.
3x3 + 3x2 + x + 1 :
) 3x2(x + 1)
) (x + 3)(3x2 1)
) (x + 1)(3x2 + 1)
) x(3x2 + x + 1).
(), (),
.
) x2 22 = (x 2)(x + 2)
) x2 9 = (x 9)(x + 9)
) 1122 122 = 100 124
) 4y2 1 = (4y 1)(4y + 1)
) 4x2 2 = (2x )(2x + )
) 2 ( 1)2 = ( + 1)( 1)

(x y)(x + y), ;
.
x
y
x
.
) 3 23 = ( 2)(................................)
) 3 + 33 = ( + 3)(................................)
) (2x)3 1 = (2x 1)(................................)
) 1 + (5y)3 = (1 + 5y)(...............................)
59
053-062
3-11-06
01:05
60
M - 1
(), (),
.
) x3 53 = (x 5)(x2 5x + 25)
) 8 + 3 = (2 + )(22 2 + 2)
) (3y)3 + 1 = (3y + 1)(3y2 3y + 1)
) 1 (2)3 = (1 2)(1 + 2 + 42)
.
) x2 + 6x + 9 = (.............)2
) 42 4 + 1 = (.............)2
) y4 2y2 + 1 = (.............)2
) 25 + 10x3 + x6 = (.............)2

2 + 2 + , > 0,
) 2 + 1
) + 2
10
) + 1
) ( + 1)
.
x2 + ( + )x +
(x + )(x + )
x + 3x + 2
x2 3x + 2
x2 + 5x 6
x2 + 5x + 6
x2 x 2
x2 + x 2
11
.
) x2 + ( + 2)x + 2 = (x + .....) (x + .....)
) x2 + (
2 +
3 )x +
6 = (x + .....) (x + .....)
60
N
) 3 + 6
) 9x2 6x
) 2 + 2
:
) 2x 8
) 82 + 42
) 23 42 + 62
N :
) x( ) + y( )
) (x + y) + (x + y)
2
) ( 2) 3(2 )
) 4x(x 1) x + 1
) 82 + 6
) 2x2 2xy + 2x
)
2 xy
18 y +
8 y2
) (3x 1)(x 2) (x + 4)(x 2)

) 2x2(x 3) 6x(x 3)2
053-062
3-11-06
01:05
61
1.6
i) :
) x2 + x
) 2y2 5y
) ( 3) 2(3 )
) (3 + 1) 4
ii) :
) x2 + x = 0
) 2y2 = 5y ) ( 3) 2(3 ) = 0 ) (3 + 1) = 4

) x2 + xy + x + y
) 2x3 3x2 + 4x 6
) 12x2 8xy 15x + 10y
:
) 72 + 10 + 32
) 5x2 8xy + 3y 2
:
) x3 x2 + x 1
) x3 5x2 + 4x 20
) 4x2 8x x + 2
) 9 182 + 10 5
) x3 +
2 x2 + x +
2 )
6x2 + 2
2x
3x 2
) 3x2 xy 2y 2
) 2 + 2 .
) , 2 + 2 = + ,
, .
:
) 22 2 + + x x
) 2 4 + 5 10 + 2 4
:
) x2 9
) 16x2 1
) 22 4
) 362 ( + 5)2
1
) 2 16
) x2 3
x
9
10
11
12
13
14
) 2 92
) 4(x + 1)2 9(x 2)2
) x2 2y2
:
) 2x2 32
) 28 7y2
) 2x3 2x
) 5x2 80

, :
) = 53, = 28
) = 0,37, = 0,12
) = 26, = 10
:
) x2 49 = 0
) 9x3 4x = 0
) (x + 2)3 = x + 2
) 8x3 1
:
4
4
) 3x3 24
) 164 + 2
) R3 3
3
3
:
) x3 ..... = (x 3)(..... + ..... + 9)
) 3 ..... = ( 2)(..... + ..... + 42 )
) x(x + 1)2 = 4x
:
) x3 27
) y3 + 8
) 3 + 64
) 2(x 1)2 8
) 27y3 + 1
) 4 + 4
) ..... + y3 = (2x + y)(4x2 ..... + .....)

) 3 + ..... = ( + 5)(..... ..... + 252 )
61
053-062
3-11-06
01:05
62
M - 1
15
:
) x2 2x + 1
) y2 + 4y + 4
) 2 6 + 9
) 2 + 10 + 25
) 1 4 + 42
) 9x4 + 6x2 + 1 ) 4y2 12y + 9
) 16x2 + 8xy + y2
1
y2
) 252 10 + 2
) ( + )2 2( + ) + 1 ) 2y + 9 ) x2 + x +
4
9
16
:
) 3x2 + 24x + 48
) y2 + 4y 4 ) 22 8 + 82
17
18
19
20
21
:
)
.
)

.
) 43 + 122 + 9
x
y
x
2x
,

.
x
x+2
:
) x2 + 3x + 2
) y2 4y + 3 ) 2 + 5 + 6
) x2 7x + 12
) y2 y 12 ) 2 9 + 18
) + 6 + 5
) 2 + 3 10
:
) x2 + (2 +
) x2 + (2 + 3)x + 6
3)x + 2
3
) x2 + (3
2)x 3
2
:
) 22 + 10 + 8
) 32 12 15
) x2 7x + 6
22
.
) 1453 1821 1453 821
) 8012 + 199 801
) 9982 4
) 999 1001 + 1
) 9992 + 2 999 + 1
) 972 + 6 97 + 9
23

) x2y2 4y2 x2 + 4
) (x2 + 9)2 36x2
) 1 2 + 2 2
) (y2 4)2 (y + 2)2
24
62
:
) x4 1 + x3 x
) 2 2 + 2 +
) y2 x2 10y + 25
) (2 + 2 2)2422
E x, y
,
.
xy x 2y + 2,

.
) x3(x2 1) + 1 x2
) x2 2xy + y2 2
) 2(x1)(x24)5(x1)(x2)2
) (x2+9)(2+4) (x+6)2
063-067
3-11-06
01:08
1. 7
63

(x) (x).

(x) (x).
1. A 325
19 , ;
.
2. (x) (x) = x2 x,
(x) = 2x2 3x 1 (x) = 7x 4.
, () ()
0 : ,
() (), :
= +
<
= 0, = .
.
, = 325 = 19,
325 : 19, = 17 = 2,

325 = 19 17 + 2 2 < 19
325 19
19
17
135
133
2
, (x) () (x) () (x)0

(x) : (x) ,
(x) () (x) (), :
(x) = (x)(x) + (x)
(T )
(x) (x).
,
(x) = 2x2 5x3 + 2x4 4 + 8x (x) = x2 x.
63
063-067
7-11-06
21:32
64
M - 1

x.
2x4
2x4
x2
= 2x2
x2
To 2x2
.
2x2,
, x2 x
2x2(x2 x) = 2x4 2x3
.
,

1 = 3x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4.
3x3
1 x2
3x3
2 = 3x . 3x
x
.
3x, , x2 x
3x(x2 x) = 3x3 + 3x2 1
2 = x2 + 8x 4.

( )

x2 x ( ),
.
2x 4 5x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4 x2 x
2x 4 5x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4 x2 x
22
2x 4 5x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4 x2 x
2x 4 + 2x3
22
3x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4
2x 4 5x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4 x2 x
2x 4 + 2x3
22 3
3x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4
2x 4 5x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4 x2 x
2x 4 + 2x3
22 3
3x3 +2x2 + 8x 4
3x3 3x2
x2 + 8x 4
2x 4 5x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4 x2 x
2x 4 + 2x3
2231
3x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4
3x3 3x2
x2 + 8x 4
2
7 4
, :
2x4 5x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4 = (x2 x)
(2x2 3x 1) + (7x 4)
)
= (
) (
)
+ (
)
(

.
64
063-067
3-11-06
01:08
65
1.7
(8x4 + 8x3 + 17x 5) : (2x2 + 3x 1), :

2 ,
, ,

.
8x 4 + 8x3
+ 17x 5 2x2+3x1
8x 4123 + 42
422+5
4x3 + 4x2 + 17x 5
+ 4x3 + 6x2 2
102 + 15x 5
102 15x + 5
0
, ,
:
8x4 + 8x3 + 17x 5 = (2x2 + 3x 1) (4x2 2x + 5)
)
= (
)
)
(
(
T = 2x2 + 3x 1 = 4x2 2x + 5
= 8x4 + 8x3 + 17x 5.
,
: , , = .

) (4x 4 + 3x 2 1) : (2x 1).
) 4x 4 + 3x 2 1 .
4x4
+ 3x2
1
4
3
4x + 2x
2x3 + 3x2
1
3
2
2x + x
4x2
1
2
4x + 2x
2x 1
2x+ 1
0
)
, :
2x 1
4x4+3x2 1=(2x1)(2x3+x2+2x+1).
2x3+x2+2x+1

:
2x3 + x2 + 2x + 1 =
= x2(2x + 1) + (2x + 1) =
= (2x + 1)(x2 + 1).
E,
4x4 + 3x2 1
:
4x4 + 3x2 1 = (2x 1)(2x + 1)(x2 + 1).
65
063-067
3-11-06
01:08
66
M - 1
= 3x + 2
= 3x 3 4x 2 2 x + 2 3 .
,
: . : .

3x3 4x2 2x + 23 3x + 2
:
3x3 2x2
3x3 4x2 2x + 23 =
6x2 2x + 23 x2 2x + 2
= (3x + 2)(x2 2x + 2),
6x2 + 42x
3x + 2
+ 32x + 23

32x 23
3x3 4x2 2x + 23
0
E
1
:
i) 4x + 7 :
) 1
) 2
) 3
) .
2
ii) To x 4x + 9
:
) 5
) 3x 2
) x2 + 3
) 4x.
2
iii) (x) 2x + x + 5 x4 + x 2,
(x) :
) 4
) 6
) 8
) .
:
8
7
3
6
66
2
3
(), (),
:
) (2x + 1)(x + 3) 2x + 1 x + 3.
) x + 6 x2 + 2.
) 6 2 ,
3 .
) x 4 x2 16.
) To (x3 + 1) : (x + 1) x2 x + 1.
063-067
3-11-06
01:08
67
1.7
N
.
) (2x3 + x2 3x + 6) : (x + 2)
) (6x4 x2 + 2x 7) : (x 1)
) (x5 x4 + 3x2 + 2) : (x2 x + 2)
) (8x4 6x2 9) : (2x2 3)

)
)
)
)
(6x3
(4x3
(9x4
(3x5
x2 10x + 5) : (3x + 1)
+ 5x 8) : (2x 1)
x2 + 2x 1) : (3x2 x + 1)
2x3 4) : (3x2 1)
N , .
)
) ..... + ..... + 2x + 20 x + .....
6x2 + ..... + .....
..... + 2
2
6x .....
2x + .....
..... 6x2
2x2 + ..... .....
18x + .....
4x2 + ..... + 20
18x .....
..... .....
0
10x + .....
..... + .....
.....
2
x x + 1 2x + 3 3x + 2;
N Q(x) (x), :
) (x) = 6x3 7x2 + 9x 18 Q(x) = 2x 3
) (x) = 2x4 x2 + 5x 3
Q(x) = x2 + x 1.
) (x4 2x3 8x2 + 18x 9) : (x2 9)

) N x4 2x3 8x2 + 18x 9.
) x + 1 x4 + 4x3 + 6x2 + 4x + 1.
) N x4 + 4x3 + 6x2 + 4x + 1.
3 + 3
, + .
, ;
(x) = (x3 + 2)(x2 5) + 4x2 6x + 7. N

) (x) : (x3 + 2)
) (x) : (x2 5)
(6x3 + ) : (x 1) ,
.
10
2x3 x2 4x + 3
(x 1)2, .
11

, 45 ,
56 16 .
5x + 4y, ;
y
y
67
068-070
7-11-06
21:35
1.8
68
... ...
:

.
1. 12, 24, 300

... ... .
2. ... ...

12x3y2, 24x2y3, 300x4y
3(x y)(x + y), 18(x y)2, 9(x y).
... ...
.
, 12, 24 300,
, :
12 = 2 2 3
24 = 2 3 3
300 = 2 2 3 5 2
,
...(12, 24, 300) = 23 3 52 = 600
(
).
2
...(12, 24, 300) = 2 3 = 12
(
).
, ... ... . :
(
... )
,
.
(
...)
,
.

. , ...,
...
... ... .
68
068-070
3-11-06
01:12
69
1.8 ... ...
,
12x 3 y 2 ,
24x 2 y 3 ,
300x 4 y
4 3
... = 600x y ... = 12x 2 y

18(x y)2,
3(x y)(x + y),
9(x y)
... = 18( y) (x + y) ... = 3( y)
N ... ... 6 x 3 y , 9 x 2 y 2 , 3 x y 4 .
O 6, 9, 3 ... = 18 ... = 3,
... = 18x 3 y 4 2 ... = 3xy.
N ... ... :
= 12x 3 12x 2 ,
B = 18x 2 3 6 x + 1 8 = 9 x 2 9x.

.
...
...
.
...
... .
= 12x2 12 = 12(x2 1) = 12(x 1)(x + 1)

= 18x2 36x + 18 = 18(x2 2x + 1) = 18(x 1)2
= 9x2 9x = 9x(x 1)
12, 18, 9
... = 36 ... = 3.
, ,
... = 36x(x 1)2(x + 1) ... = 3(x 1).
E
1
, ... .

. x4(x + 2)2,
. x3(x + 2),
2
B
1. 6x2(x + 2)2
x(x + 2)3
x(x + 2)
2. x3(x + 2)3
. 6x (x + 2), 2x(x + 2)
3. 6x2(x + 2)
4. x4(x + 2)3
69
068-070
3-11-06
01:12
70
M - 1
, ...
, .
4x 3
2 x(x 1)
9(x 1)2
6x 2
x 2(x 1)
8x 5
, ... .

. 6x3(x + 1)2,
3x(x + 1)3
. 2x2(x + 1)3,
3x4(x + 1)2
. 3x (x + 1),
6x (x + 1)
1. 6x2(x + 1)2
3. 3x2(x + 1)
4. x2(x + 1)2
...
, .
B
6 x (x 2) 2
2 x 3 ( x 2)
3 x3 (x 2) 3
3x 2
x 4 ( x 2) 2
6 (x 2)3
... ... :
) 12x 3 y 2 2 ,
18x 2 y 3 ,
24x 2 y 3 4
) 15xy 3 ,
10x 2 2 ,
5y2
) 2x2(x + y)2,
3xy3(x + y)2,
8x2y(x y)(x + y)
... ...
) 6(x2 y2),
4(x y)2,
) 2 3 + 2,
2 4,
) 3 2 ,
(2 )(2 1),
70
2. 3x(x + 1)2
:
12(x y)3
3 4
3 22 +
071-074
3-11-06
01:18
1. 9
71

.
.
3
1. x + 4 x = 0;
x1
M x = 1;
2. ;
6 2 + 7,
32
627 ,
3+2
627
32
3. ;
6x + y ,
3x
6xy ,
3+x
6xy
3x
xy
2
x3 + 4
,
,

x + y x2 + 4
x1
, .

, .
x3 + 4
,
, x 1.
x1
M ..
, ,
.
, , ,
.
6x + y , 6 x y ,
3x
3x
3x. A
,
6y
6y : 3x
2y
=
= 1 = 2y
3x
3x : 3x
H , ,
3 2y
6y

=
= 2y
3
3x
71
071-074
7-11-06
21:36
72
M - 1
A ,
:

.
,
5x 10
:
x2 4
5x 10
5(x 2)
5(x 2)
5
= 2
=
=
x2 4
x 22
(x 2)(x + 2)
x+2
;
x2 + 7x + 2
x2 + 6
x2 + y2
)
)
)
x
x+2
xy
x2 + 7x + 2
, x
x
, x 0.
) H
) O
x2 + 6
, x + 2 0, x 2.
x+2
x2 + y2
, x, y ,
xy
x y 0, x y.
N :
12 x 3 y 2
3x 2 3
)
)
3
6x 2 6x
8xy
x2 2 x y + y2
x3 y3
12x 3 y 2
,
8xy3
12x 3 y 2
3x 2 2
=
8xy3
2y2
)
x+1
3(x 1)(x + 1)
3x 2 3
3(x 2 1)
=
=
=
2
6x(x 1)
6x 6x
6x(x 1)
2x
72
xy
x2 2 x y + y2
(x y)2
=
= 2
3
3
2
2
x + xy + y2
x y
(x y)(x + xy + y )
071-074
8-11-06
15:41
73
1.9
E
1

, .
.
.
.
.
.
1. x 1
2. x 0 x 1
3. x 1
4. x 1 x 1
5.
6. x 0
(x + 2)(x + 1)
x+2
=
4
4(x + 1)
x2 y2
=x+y
xy
x+2
x + 2(x + 1)
=
4
4(x + 1)
(x y)2/
=x+y
xy
:
)
(), (),
.
x (x + 1)
x2/ + 1
)
)
=x+1
=x+1
x
x
)

1

x
x1

x+1
x

2
x 1
2(x 1)

x1
3

2
x +1
7x
7
=
x
2
x(............)
x(x + 1)
............
=x+1
( + )(............)
=1
( )(............)
............
1
=
2
+
2(+)
x(x + 1)
............
3(x + 2)
............
=x
3
x+2
x,
x
x
1
,
=

x (x 4)
x(x 4)
x4
x 4. ;
73
071-074
3-11-06
01:18
74
M - 1
:
1
y+3
2
6x + 1
)
)
)
)
2
x4
2y 5
( + 1)
x(x 3)
:
4x
3y2
)
)
6x
12y
)
74
y1
1y
2x2
8x 2
5 2 3
10 2
2
(2 ) 2
( )( )
( )( )
x2 + x
2 + x
5 2 20
( 2)2
6x2 + 3x
4x 2 2
2 + + 2
3 3
3 22 +
3
:
)
6x
2x + 4x
x2 16
x2 4x
3y 9
y2 3y
y2 1
y2 + 2y + 1
:
)
x+4
4+x
x2 + 3x + 2
x2 + 4x + 4
y2 5y + 4
y2 6y + 8
:
)
x(x 1) + 4(x 1)
x2 + 2x 3
y(y 3) + y 2 9
4y 2 9
(2 + 1)2 ( + 2)2
4 1
( + 1)( 2)2 4( + 1)
3 + 2

5 m/sec.

4 m/sec2.
t sec

5
t +
m/sec
2
075-084
3-11-06
01:26
1 . 10
75

.
.
2 3,
2 4
:
1. : 4 35 ,

5 4
5 7
2. :
2x
3xy ,
5
3x 2 2 2 ,

9xy
2
9x
3x 2
:
y + 1 5y + 5
, .
=
=

.
5x2
15x3
3x 5x2
,
3x
=
=
2y
2y
2y
(x2 1) 2x
2x
x2 1

=
=
x1
3x + 3
(3x + 3)(x 1)
2x(x 1)(x + 1)
2x
=
3(x + 1)(x 1)
3
,
.
: = =
. ,
x (x 1)(x + 1)
x(x2 1)
x
x
x1
2x 2
x2 1
: 2
=

=
=
=
2
2x 2 (x + 1)
x+1 x 1
x+1
2x
(x + 1) 2x2
2x
75
075-084
3-11-06
01:26
76
M - 1
:

, ,

.
22

x
2 2 x 2
x
,
=
=
2
4x
4

x2
N : ) ( 5 x 2 + 5x)
) (5x2 + 5x)
3x
(5x2 + 5x)3x
=
=
2x + 2
2x + 2
76
x2 2x + 1 x2 + 2x

3x + 6
x1
15x2
5x(x + 1)3x
=
2(x + 1)
2
2 x2
2
2 + 2x
x2 2 x3 3
x2 2
x2
(x 2 2 )x 2
(x )(x + )x 2/
:
=

=
=
=
x
x2
x
x3 3
x(x3 3)
x(x )(x2 + x + 2)
=
(x 1)x
x2 2x + 1 x2+2x
(x22x+1)(x2+2x)
x2 x
(x 1)2/ x(x + 2)

=
=
=
=
3
3x + 6
x1
(3x + 6)(x 1)
3
3(x + 2)(x 1)
N :
x2 2 x3 3
)
:
x
x2
3x
2x + 2
(x + )x
x 2 + x
=
x2 + x + 2
x2 + x + 2
2 x2
( x)( + x)
( 2 x 2 )
x
2
= 2
=
=
/
2
2 + 2x
2
(2 + 2x)
2 ( + x)
075-084
3-11-06
01:26
77
1.10
E
1
(), (),
.
1
x
1
x
) x
) x
=
=
y
xy
y
y
) 3x :
2
3
=
x
2
) 3x :
2
3x2
=
x
2
x1
5
5

=
y
x1
y
x2
x 2

=
x
x
x2
2 + 1

=0
+1
:
=1
+2 +2
:
..........
x
1
1
6x2
) 3x
)
=

= 2
y
y ..........
y
y
x + 2 ..........

=1
x 1 ..........
x + 2 ..........
:
=1
x1
..........
4x ..........
:
=
y
y
x
x+2
x
:
=
y ..........
x+2
:
1
9x
1
x
) 2
)

y
x
4y 3x
)
6
23

32 42
) (52)
:
3
1
6
) 8x :
) 2 :
x
y
y
+3
2 4
2
+2
+ 6
2
+1 ( + 1)2
:
2
x + y x2 + xy
:
x2 xy
xy
3
4
2
2
) (
2
: 32
3
x2 + x
x2 + 5x+6

2
x 4
x2 + 3x
:
2y 1
1 2y
x+4 x+4
)
:
)
:
1+y
15
y+1
5
)
3
10
:
y5
2+y
2x + 6
4x
)
)

2
5y
x+3
y+2
x
)
x3
x2
:
2
42
) (
x
x 3 2
2 3 x2 2
x
4y2 9
y2 + 3y

4y 12y+9
2y2 + 3y
2
+2
: ( + 2)
x2 4
x2
:
x3+8 x2 2x+4
:
x 2 4x + 4 8x 8
x + 2 2x + 6 x + 2
)
:
)
:

x+2
x1
x+3
x+1 x + 2
x1
1
9x
) 12x2
( xx+ 12 : 2xx +16 ) xx ++ 23

77
075-084
3-11-06
01:26
78
M - 1
1. : 7 + 19 11 ,
9
3 + 1 1.
2
6
3
2. :
3x
2x 1
7+x
+
,
x2
x2
x2
3 + 1 1.
2
6
3
+
+ =

. ,
3x + (2x 1) (7 + x)
3x
2x 1
7+x
+
=
=
x2
x2
x2
x2
=
3x + 2x 1 7 x
4(x 2)
4x 8
=
=
=4
x2
x2
x2
A ,
...
, .
2
5
2
,
+
3x 3x
6x
3x 2 3x = 3x(x 1) 3x 3 = 3(x 1)
...
.
... = 6x(x 1)
2
x1
3x 3
2x
M
.
2
5
2
5
2 =
2 =
+
+
3x 3x
6x
3x 3
3x(x 1)
6x 3(x 1)
E
.
78
4 + 5 (x1) 4x 4 + 5x 5 4x
x1
1
=
=
=
6x(x1)
6x(x1)
6x(x1) 6x
075-084
7-11-06
21:38
79
1.10
N : )
9x + 6
15
x2 1
2x 2
4
2
1
2
2
x2 2
x x
x + x
) , :
x2 1 = (x 1)(x + 1) 2x 2 = 2(x 1)
T ... 2(x 1)(x + 1).
2
x +1
9x + 6
15
9x + 6
15
2(9x + 6) 15(x +1)
=
=
=
2
x 1
2x 2
(x 1)(x +1) 2(x 1)
2(x 1)(x +1)
=
18x + 12 15x 15
3x 3
3(x 1)
3
=
=
=
2(x 1)(x +1)
2(x 1)(x +1)
2(x 1)(x +1)
2(x +1)
) , :
x2 2 = (x )(x + ), x2 x = x(x ), x2 + x = x(x + )
... x(x )(x + ).
x
x +
x
4
2
1
4
2
1
2
2
=
=
2
x
x x
x + x
(x )(x + )
x(x )
x(x + )
2
4x 2(x + ) (x )
4x 2x 2 x +
x
1
=
=
=
x(x )(x + )
x(x )(x + )
x(x )(x + )
x(x + )

5 0 . 0 0 0 . x1
,
m 2
m 2 m 2
x
. ( m).
A
x+1
1
1
A 50000 ,
100000 . x(x 1) m2,
x(x + 1) m2 (x2 1) m2.
50000
50000
m2
,
x(x 1)
x(x +1)
100000

. :
x2 1
x+1
x 1
50000
50000
50000(x +1) + 50000(x 1)
100000x
100000
+
=
=
=
x(x 1)
x(x +1)
x(x 1)(x +1)
x(x 1)(x+1)
x2 1
, m2 m2
m2 .
79
075-084
3-11-06
01:26
80
M - 1
E
1
(), (),
.
x
1
1
1
2
)
)
+
=1
+
=
x+1
x+1
x
y
x+y
)
+4
4
=1
x
1+x
=
) 1 +
+2
2
=
x
x
x

. ;
)
+
=
=
=1

)
+
+
+
=0
3x + 2
2x 1
3x + 2 2x 1
x+1
=
=
=1
x+1
x+1
x+1
x+1
N :
x
x
)
)
.......... = 0
+.......... = 1
x+6
x+6
) ..........
) ..........+
5
1
2x 1
)
=
+.......... = 2
x+2
x+2
x
x
2x
=
x+1
x+1
3x + 8
.......... = 3
x
:
1
1
3
2
)
)
+
x
y
x+1 x
80
1
1
2
y
y
:
2x
3
y6
4
)
) 2
2x 6
x3
y + 2y
y+2
)
1
x
+
2x + 12
36 x2
9x
3
+ 2
x x
x
:
1
1
y2+
x
y
x
)
)
1
1
y
1+
y
x
1
+1 +
1
1
3
1
2
2
2
+1
3 + 6
4
2
4
2 4
+7
3
+ 4 + 3 + 1
2
1
1

075-084
3-11-06
01:26
81
1.10
:
x2
4
8
2
)
+
x
x2
x 2x
2
3
y2 6
+
2
y2
y3
y 5y + 6
:
x
1
x+3
)
1+
2x + 1 2x 1
4x 3
)(
2
2
+ 2
)(
+
+
) =
3
2
2x + 16y
+ 2
x + 2y
x 2y
x 4y2
x2
y2
2xy2
2
+
xy
x+y
x y2
x3
x2 3
x+3
:
+
x2 1
(x 1)2
(x 1)2
2
2
+
1 :
+
) (
x3 y3
+ xy = (x + y)2.
xy
563 443
+ 56 44.
12
2x
x2 1
= 2
, 2 + 2 = 1.
x +1
x +1
2
) 1,
.
200
9999
,

10001 10001
1
1

= 3 (1 + )2 + 4
1
+
(
2004
) , = 32 = 3.
2004 0
( ... 2002).
, :
) ( + 3)2+1 + ( 3)2+1 = 0
) (x y )2 (y + x)2 = 0
x
= 1 , :
2
y
4x2 6xy + y2
x2 + y2
B=
2x3 2xy2 + 3y3

x2y + y3
(x) = 2x2 + 2x + 800.

) (1 x) = P(x).
) (100) (99).
81
075-084
3-11-06
01:26
82
M - 1
) 3 + 3 + 3 3 = ( + + )(2 + 2 + 2 ).
( uler).
3
3
3
) + + = 0, + + = 3.
) (x y)3 + (y )3 + ( x)3.
A + =
1 = 7 , :
3
3
) 2 + 2 = 43
9
) (3 + 1)2 + (3 + 1)2 + 9( + ) = 40
A x, y
x, y .
) x4 2y2 = x2(y2 2)
) x3 + y3 = x2y + xy2
) x2 + 4x + 3,
x2 + 2x 3.
1
1
1
) = 2
+ 2
+ 2
x + 4x + 3
x 1
x + 2x 3
= x(x + 3) = (x + 1)(x + 2).

) = + 2 + 1 = ( + 1)2.
) x(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) + 1.
10
) 16x4 + 8x2 + . .
)
4x 4x2 1.
11
) A , 2 + .
) ,
6, 1.
) 8.
12
) (x6 1) : (x 1)
7 6 1 6.
) (x5 + 1) : (x + 1)
215 + 1 9.
13
1
1
1
=
.
(x 1)x
x1
x
) x 2, 3, 4,
1
1
1
1
2007
..., 2008
+
+
+ ... +
=
12
23
34
2007 2008 2008
82
7-11-06
21:40
83
1.10
E 1o K
.

.. 2x 2 3y + 4
,
.

.
..
3x 2y (3 , x 2y ).
, .. 3x 2y , 72y, x2y
,
.
, .
.. 2x 2y + 32y 2y = 42y
A
.
.. 6x 2 + 2 42 + 3 = 22 + 5

.
, . .. (3x 2y) (2y3) = 6x3y4
.
1
12x4y
4
2
4
.. (12x y) : (3 y) = 12x y
=
= 4x2
32y
32y
,
. ..
3x 2y 5y + 2 ( 3x 2y,, 5y,, 2
).
075-084
- .

)
.
)
.
(x) (x) (x) 0
(x) : (x), (x) (x)
: (x) = ()() + () ( )
(x)
(x). A (x) = 0, (x) (x)
(x).
83
075-084
3-11-06
01:26
84
M - 1
.
.
:
( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2
( )2 = 2 2 + 2
( + ) 3 = 3 + 3 2 + 3 2+ 3
( ) 3 = 3 3 2 + 3 2 3
( + )( ) = 2 2
( ) ( 2 + + 2) = 3 3
( + ) ( 2 + 2) = 3 + 3
.
.
:
x + x = x( + )
x + y + x + y =
= (x + y) + (x + y) = ( + )(x + y)
2 2 = ( + )( )
3 + 3 = ( + ) ( 2 + 2)
3 3 = ( ) ( 2 + + 2)
2 + 2 + 2 = ( + )2
2 2 + 2 = ( )2
x2 + ( + )x +
x2 + ( + )x + = (x + )(x + )
.
,
.
..
2x 2 5
+ 4

. ,
.
.
84
(085-088)
3-11-06
01:45
85
2o
2.1 x + = 0
2.2 2
2.3
2
2.4
2.5

2

(085-088)
3-11-06
2.1
01:45
86
x + = 0

, . 1 km
1 km .
B

,
:
) 15 km;
) ;
) ;
, 3x = 12, 4y + 11 = 0,
...
1.
1 ( ) .
3x = 12, , x = 4. O 4,
3x = 12, .
, 0x = 3 0x = 0,
.
0x = 3 x, 0x
3. ,
, .
, 0x = 0 x
.
:
, 0x = 0 x
0, x + = 0 x =
.
= 0 , x + = 0 0x =
0,
),
(

:
= 0 , ( ).
86
(085-088)
3-11-06
01:45
87
2.1 x + = 0
x1
2x + 1
=x+1
2
6
x1
2x + 1
=x+1
2
6

... .
.
6
x1
2x + 1
6
=6x+61
2
6
3(x 1) (2x + 1) = 6x + 6
3x 3 2x 1 = 6x + 6
.
3x 2x 6x = 6 + 3 + 1
.
5x = 10

5x
10
=
.
5
5
x =2
x = 2
N :
) 3(x + 2) 3 = 3x + 5
) 2(x 1) x = x 2
) 3(x + 2) 3 = 3x + 5
3x + 6 3 = 3x + 5
3x 3x = 5 6 + 3
0x = 2
H
x, .
) 2(x 1) x = x 2
2x 2 x = x 2
2x x x = 2 2
0x = 0

x, .
E
1
.

.
3x = 7
0x = 0
0x = 5
5x = 0
1.
2.
3.
87
(085-088)
3-11-06
01:45
88
M - 2
(), (),
.
1
) x= 2 x = 6.
3
)
)
)
)
4x = 0 .
0x = 0 .
0x = 6 x = 6.
5(x + 1) = 5x + 5 .
:
) 3(x + 2) 2(x 1) = 8 + x
) 5( + 2) 4 = 6 5
:
x1
x+3
1
)
=x
2
6
3
)
2( 1) + 1
5
=
3
2
6
) 4y 2(y 3) = 2y + 1
) (2x + 1)2 + 5 = 4(x2 10)
y+5
y
3y
=1
5
2
10
) 0,2(3x 4) 5(x 0,4) = 0,4(1 10x)
To 5
10. ;
:
, .
, , 65 C;
:
.
10.
2 .
5,
.
;

16 km/h. ,

12 km/h .
44 km,
;
88
(089-098)
7-11-06
16:16
2. 2
89

.

.
.
9 m
1 m.
.
) .
9m
1m
,

, .
)
.
,
.
, ,
, ,
34 m2.
)
.
89
(089-098)
3-11-06
01:51
90
M - 2

2.
x2 = 9,
2 3 = 0,
2 + 15 16 = 0

2 ( ) .
2
x
x 2 + x + = 0 0
, ,
. O
x2 9 = 0
x2 3x = 0
x2 + 15x 16 = 0
.
:
:
=1
=0
= 9
:
=1
= 3
=0
:
=1
= 15
= 16
= 0 = 0 = 0
E x 2 + x = 0 0
x2 = 3x :
x2 = 3x
x2 3x = 0
x(x 3) = 0
.
.
x(x 3)
x = 0 x 3 = 0.
x=0 x3=0
x=0 x=3

, x = 0 x = 3
E x 2 + = 0 0
x2 9 = 0, :
1 :
.
.
(x 3)(x + 3)
x 3 = 0 x + 3 = 0
90
x2 9
x2 32
(x 3) (x + 3)
= 0
= 0
= 0
x3=0 x+3=0
x = 3 x = 3

, x = 3 x = 3
(089-098)
3-11-06
01:51
91
2.2 E
2 :
, x2 =
x =
, x =
x2 9 = 0
x2 = 9
9 x =
9
x =
x = 3 x = 3
x2 + 16 = 0, ,
x2 = 16. H (),

16.
, x2 = ()
x2 = 0 x = 0. H , x2=0
x x = 0, x = 0 x = 0 ( ).
E x 2 + x + = 0 0
9x2 6x + 1 = 0 :

2 2 + 2 = ( )2
(3x 1)2 = 0
3x 1 = 0
9x2 6x + 1 = 0
(3x) 2 3x 1 + 12 = 0
(3x 1)2 = 0
1
3x 1 = 0 x =
3
2
, x =
1
3
x2 + 15x 16 = 0
:
x 2 + 15x 16 = 0

4x 2 + 60x 64 = 0
4, x2.
(2x) 2 + 2 2x 15 = 64
M
(2x) 2 + 2 2x 15 + 152 = 64 + 152

(2x + 15) 2 = 289
2 + 2 2 2.
289 2x + 15 =
289
2x + 15 =
2x + 15 = 17
2x + 15 = 17
2.
2x = 2
2x = 32

x=1
x = 16
2 + 2 + 2 = ( + )2
,
2 2 + 2 = ( )2
x = 1 x = 16
x2 + 15x 16 = 0
.
91
(089-098)
3-11-06
01:51
92
M - 2
N : ) 2x 2 = 7x
) 3x 2 75 = 0
) 2x 2 + 8 = 0
2x2 = 7x
2x2 7x = 0
x(2x 7) = 0
x = 0 2x 7 = 0
7
x=0x =
2
3x2 75 = 0
3x2 = 75
x2 = 25
2x2 + 8 = 0
2x2 = 8
x2 = 4
25 x =
25
x =
x=5
( )
x = 5
N x 2(2x 1) 6x(2x 1) + 9(2x 1) = 0
2
B 2x 1. x (2x 1) 6x(2x 1) + 9(2x 1) = 0
(2x 1)(x2 6x + 9) = 0
O
(2x 1)(x 3)2 = 0
.
2x 1 = 0
x3=0
1
x=
x = 3 ( )
2
E
1
(), (),
.
) 0 x2 4x + 3 = 0.
) O 3 x2 4x + 3 = 0.
) O (x 2)(x + 1) = 0 x = 2 x = 1.
) x2 = 16 x = 4.
) H x2 = 9 .
) (x 2)2 = 0 x = 2.
(), (),
.
) H 5x 6 = x2 2 .
) x2 + 3x + 8 = x(x + 2) 2 .
) ( 2)x2 + 5x + 3 = 0
i) 1o , = 2
ii) 2 , 2.
x2 = 6x x
x = 6. x = 0. x = 0;
92
(089-098)
3-11-06
01:51
93
2.2 E
4
5
:
) (x 4)(x + 1) = 0
) y(y + 5) = 0
) 7x(x 7) = 0
) 3y
:
) x2 = 7x
) y2 = 9y
) 2t2 18 = 0
) 0,22 + 3,2 = 0
:
) (2x 1)2 1 = 0
(x 9)2
)
= 27
3
( 3y 2) = 0
) 3(x + 2)2 = 12
) (3x 1)2 4x2 = 0
:
) (3x + 1)2 = 5(3x + 1)
) 0,5(1 y)2 = 18
:
) x(x 4) = 4
) 2t2 7t + 6 = 0
) y2 + y 12 = 0
) 32 + 1 = 4
) (3 )(2 + 1) = 0
)
( 12 )(2 1) = 0
) 22 72 = 0
z2
)
0,5z = 0
6
) (x + 1)2 = 2x
) (x +
3)2 3 = 0
) (22 + 1)(2 16) = 0
) 2 2 15 = 0
) 5z2 3z 8 = 0
:
) 25x2 + 10x + 1 = 0
) y2(y 2) + 4y(y 2) + 4y 8 = 0
) 2 + 2006 2007 = 0
:
) x2 ( + )x + = 0
) x2 (
3 1)x
3=0
8
1
1
2
3
4
O:
1. M x2 = 12x
x2 + 225 = 30x
2. x(x + 4) + 8(x + 4) = 0
3. x2 10x + 9 = 0
4.
x2 = 25
H x2 = 32x
:
1. x2 20x + 100 = 0
2. To x(x 15) = x 15
3. To (x 5)2 (x 5) = 0
4. M x2 144 = 0
5. x2(x 12) + 2007(x 12) = 0
93
(089-098)
3-11-06
01:51
94
M - 2

x2 + 15x 16 = 0.
,
x2 + x + = 0 0. :
x2 + x + = 0
4.
4 x2 + 4 x + 4 = 0
.
4 2x2 + 4x = 4
(2x) 2 + 2 2x = 4
(2x + )2. (2x) 2 + 2 2x + 2 = 2 4
2x + (2x + ) 2 = 2 4
2.
2 4 ,
(2x + )2 = :
> 0 , :
2x + =
2x =

x=
2
= 0 , :
(2x + )2 = 0
2x + = 0
2x =
x = 2
,
,
x =
+

x = 2
2
x = 2
).
< 0 , (
2 4, , x2 + x + = 0 0,
. ,
= 2 4
:
x2 + x + = 0 0.

> 0 , x =
2
= 0 , x =
< 0 , ().
94
(089-098)
7-11-06
16:17
95
2.2 E
N :
) 2x 2 + 5x + 3 = 0
) 6x 2 5x + 2 = 0
) 16x 2 + 8x 1 = 0
) 2x2 + 5x + 3 = 0 = 2, = 5, = 3,
= 2 4 = 52 4 2 3 = 25 24 = 1 > 0.

5
1
5 1
, x =
=
=
,
2
22
4
5 + 1
5 1
3
x =
= 1 x =
=
4
4
2
) 6x2 5x + 2 = 0 = 6, = 5, = 2,
= 2 4 = (5)2 4 6 2 = 25 48 = 23 < 0.
().
) 16x2 + 8x 1 = 0 = 16, = 8, = 1, = 2 4 = 82 4 (16) (1) = 64 64 = 0.
8
1
, x =
=
=
2
2 (16)
4
N :
) 9x 2 (5x 1) 2 = 2x
x(x + 3)
x6
1
=
3
6
2
) 9x2 (5x 1)2 = 2x

9x2 (25x2 10x + 1) = 2x
9x2 25x2 + 10x 1 2x = 0
16x2 + 8x 1 = 0
1
x=
( )
4
( 1)
x(x + 3)
x6
1
=
3
6
2
)
6
x(x + 3)
x6
1
6
=6
3
6
2
2x(x + 3) (x 6) = 3
2x2 + 6x x + 6 3 = 0
2x2 + 5x + 3 = 0
3
x = 1 x =
( 1)
2
) 2x 2 8x + 6 = 0.
) 2x 2 8x + 6.
) 2x2 8x + 6 = 0 = 2, = 8, = 6,
= 2 4 = (8)2 4 2 6 = 64 48 = 16 > 0.
84

(8)
16
,
, x =
x=
=
4
2
22
x = 3 x = 1.
) 2x2 8x + 6 = 2(x2 4x + 3) = 2(x2 3x x + 3) = 2 x(x 3) (x 3) =
= 2(x 3)(x 1)
95
(089-098)
3-11-06
01:51
96
M - 2

:
2x2 8x + 6 = 0 3 1.
2x2 8x + 6 :
2 x2 8x + 6 = 2(x 3)(x 1)
1 , 2 x 2 + x + = 0 0 ,
x 2 + x +
x 2 + x + = (x 1)(x 2)
, 2x2 + 5x + 3 = 0 1
3
( 1).
2
2x2 + 5x + 3
( 32 ) = 2(x + 1)(x + 32 )
2x2 + 5x + 3 = 2x (1) x
O 16x2 + 8x 1 = 0 , x =
1
( 1).
4
16x2 + 8x 1
1
1
1
x
= 16 x
16x2 + 8x 1 = 16 x
4
4
4
)(
E
1
A x2 + x + = 0 0, () ().

>0
1. .
=0
2. .
0
3. .
<0
4. .
N (), (),
.
) 2 , .
) 2 ,
.
) 2x2 + 4x 6 = 0 1 3,
2x2 + 4x 6 2x2 + 4x 6 = (x 1)(x + 3).
96
(089-098)
3-11-06
01:51
97
2.2 E
N

) 2x2 = 7x
) 3x2 2x + 8 = 0 ) 2x2 + 50 = 0 ) 5x2 + x 4 = 0
x2 + x + = 0
.
x 2 + x + = 0
x (x 1) = 2
3x2 + 4 = 2(x + 2)
(x 1)2 = 2(x2 x)
:
) x2 x 2 = 0
) 2z2 3z + 1 = 0
) 3x2 + 18x + 27 = 0
) 4y2 + 3y 1 = 0
) 25t2 + 10t 1 = 0
) x2 4x = 5
) 22 + + 6 = 0
) 4x2 12x + 9 = 0
) x2 3x + 7 = 0
) x2 16 = 0
: ) x2 7x = 0
i)
ii)
:
) 3x2 2(x 1) = 2x + 1
) (2 3)2 ( 2)2 = 22 11
:
x+3
x2 1
)
=x2
5
3
) 0,5t2 0,4(t + 2) = 0,7(t 2)
) (y + 2)2 + (y 1)2 = 5(2y + 3)

) (8 ) (3 + 1)( + 2) = 1
6y + 1
y2
y2
=
2
4
6
3
(3 7) =
3
2
:
) x2 + 4x 12
) 3y2 8y + 5
) x2 16x + 64
) 9y2 + 12y + 4
) 22 + 5 3
) 2 + 10 25
, 0,

) x2 x + 1 = 0
) x2 + ( + )x + = 0
( + )x2 2x + ( ) = 0, , ,
. ,
.
97
(089-098)
7-11-06
16:18
98

( 1650 ..)
(*):
, 870.
.
,
, (
).

x, x2 x = 870.
O B
:
1

870
1.
2
1
1
1
, .
2
2
4
1
1
870 870 .
4
4
1
1
, 29 .
4
2
29
1
1
( )
2
2
30.
To 1 x.
( ).

.
, (.. x2 x)
,
(.. x2 + x)
N
2 .
;

.
3
, . ;
4
(*)( . : ,
, , 1997.
98
(099-102)
3-11-06
01:54
2. 3
99
2
, , ...
1
400 m 2.
N ,
41 m.
x, 41 x,
41 m. 400 m2,
x(41 x) = 400
41x x2 = 400
x2 41x + 400 = 0.
= 1, = 41, = 400,
= 2 4 = (41)2 4 1 400 = 1681 1600 = 81 > 0.
, x =

41
41 9
81
,
=
=
2
2
21
x = 25 x = 16.
A x = 25, 41 x = 41 25 = 16, x = 16, 41 x = 41 16 = 25.
E, 25 m 16 m.
2
x
1 2

x + 20x + 500 . 10
60 C,, , 3500 C;;
x , 60x C,
1 2
x + 20x + 500 C.
60x
10
3500 C
1 2
x + 20x + 500 = 3500
60x
10
1 2
x 20x 500 = 3500
10
600x x2 200x 5000 = 35000
x2 400x + 40000 = 0
60x
99
(099-102)
3-11-06
01:54
100
M - 2
H
= 2 4 = ( 400)2 4 1 40000 = 160000 160000 = 0.
, x =
400
=
= 200.
2
21
, 3500 C, 200 .
3
h
. ,
0,5 m/sec 2.
, 84 m.
.
:
:
h m,
1
t sec, h = gt2 g = 10 m/sec2 .
2
, t
1
s = t2.
2
t sec,

1
1
h = gt2 = 10t2 = 5t2, g = 10 m/sec2.
2
2

1 2
1
1
0,5 t2 = t2 , = 0,5 m/sec2.
h =
t =
2
2
4
E h + h = 84,
1
5t2 + t2 = 84 20t2 + t2 = 336 21t2 = 336
4
t2 = 16, t = 4 t = 4.
t , t > 0,

t = 4 sec.
100
h
84 m
h
(099-102)
3-11-06
01:54
101
2.3 2
x .
)
7
E = 20 m
10
m
2
m
E = 314 m2
x+1
x+2
, :
) .
) , 2 , 24.
) , 3 .
10 .
2,5 dm ,
. (1 = 1dm3)
150 m2.
5 m ,
.
, 74.

. , :
,
, 506.
;
( ). 240
, ;
4 cm, 6 cm 8 cm. x cm, . x.
101
(099-102)
7-11-06
16:20
102
M - 2

.
, :
5 ,
5 1200. ,
.
;
10
T
6 cm. A
,
,
3 . 8
.
11

3 m.

, .
12
6 m,
251,2 m2 .
.
13
,
,

5
9
.

(g = 10 m/sec 2).
102
(103-109)
3-11-06
01:58
2. 4
103
, .
+8
1. x + 4 = x 12
4
3
2. ... x + 2, x, x2 + 2x
x
4
x+8 .
+
= 2
x+2
x
x + 2x
E x ;
,

.
4
+8
,
+
=
4
4
+8
+
= 2
x+2
x + 2x

.

.
,
:
x
+ 4 = x2 + 8
x+2
x
x + 2x
x+8
x
4
+
=
x
x (x + 2)
x+2
x 0 x + 2 0
x 0 x 2

...
.
x(x + 2 ) 0
:
x(x+2)
x+8
x
4
+ x(x+2)
= x(x + 2 )
x
x (x + 2)
x+2
103
(103-109)
3-11-06
01:58
104
M - 2
x 2 + 4(x + 2) = x + 8
x 2 + 4x + 8 = x + 8 x 2 + 3x = 0
x( x + 3 ) = 0 , x = 0 x = 3 .
, .
x = 0 ,
x 0 x 2 ,
x = 3 .
N : )
x
8
=1
x+1
x
1
1
=
x2
x
2
x2 2x
) x 0 x 1. To E.K..
x(x + 1) 0
x
8
x(x + 1)
x(x + 1)
= x(x + 1) 1
x+1
x
8
x2 8(x + 1) = x(x + 1) x2 8x 8 = x2 + x 9x = 8 x =
9
8
( ). x =
9
) 1
1
2

=
(1).
x2
x
x(x 2)
x 0 x 2.
... x(x 2) 0 (1)
1
1
2
x(x 2)
x(x 2) = x(x 2)
x2
x
x(x 2)
x (x 2) = 2 x x = 2 2
0x = 0.
, 0 2.
42 km
.
, , 1 km/h , 1

.
10
;
x km/h, 42 km
104
(103-109)
3-11-06
01:59
105
2.4 K
42
. 1 km/h ,
x
(x + 1) km/h,

42
.
x+1
1
42
42
1
,
=
+
(1).
10
x
x+1
10
O , x > 0.
...
10x(x + 1) 0 (1)
42
42
1
10x(x + 1)
= 10x(x + 1)
+ 10x(x + 1)
x
x+1
10
420(x + 1) = 420x + x(x + 1) 420x + 420 = 420x + x2 + x x2 + x 420 = 0
H = 2 4 = 12 4 1 ( 420) = 1681 > 0.
, x =
1 41

1
1681
,
+
=
2
2
21
x = 20 x = 22.
E x > 0, 20 km/h.

4 9 .
.
: , R1, R2 , R
1
1
1
=
+
.
(x + 9)
R
R1
R2
x ,

(x + 4) (x + 9) .
(x + 4)
1 +
1 = 1 (1)

x+4
x+9
x
O , x > 0.
...
x(x + 4)(x + 9) 0 (1)
1 + x(x + 4)(x + 9)
1 = x(x + 4)(x + 9) 1
x(x + 4)(x + 9)
x+4
x+9
x
2
2
2
x(x + 9) + x(x + 4) = (x + 4)(x + 9) x + 9x + x + 4x = x + 4x + 9x + 36
x2 = 36 x =
36. x = 6 x = 6.
A x = 6 .
6 .
105
(103-109)
3-11-06
01:59
106
M - 2
E
1
(), , ()
.
6
4
)
+
= 8 x 0 x 1.
x1
x
) 0
1
x
+
= 2.
x+1
x
5
3
+ 2 = 2,
x
x
5x + 3 = 2.
x3
) 2
= x
x +1
x 0 .
A x 2 3 .
4
;
) x = 3
) x + 2 = 3
) x = 3
) x = 3
2x
4
x
4
x+2
4
x2
4
H x + 2 + x + 4 = 6
x1
x+1
) x = 1
) x = 1
) x = 0
) x = 2
1 , 2x 1 =
x1
x1
2x 1 = 1 ,
x = 1. H ;
:
2
1
)
)
=
x1
2
)
106
7
3
2
+
=
5
10
7
1
=
2y 3
3
4 + 1
9
=
2
2
2x + 1
7
=2
x3
3x
) 1
5
6y
=
y2
2y
(103-109)
3-11-06
01:59
107
2.4 K
:
4
3
)
)
2 =1
x
x
)
+5
1
2 + 5
=
1
:
1
1
) 1
2
=0
y
y y
)
1
2x 1
= 2
x 4x + 4
x 4
2
:
4
x
)
=
4
3
x
x
:
m
) p =
V
V
) R =
4
3
6
x+2
x+1
= 1 )
=
+
( 2)2 2
x(x + 3)
x
x+3
:
x+5
3
) 2
=
x 25
x+5
)
5
4
+
=2
y
y1
1
1
1
=
+
R
R1
R2
R
1
1
1
= 2 + 2 2
2
7
3
6
= 2
+2
y1
2
y+3
=
y
y+1
y(y + 1)
y+1
1
=0
y y2
y2
1
1
+
=
2 2
4
22
=3
+2
+ 2
3
+4
= 2
2
3 + 2
) 1 +
1
3
1+
x
) =
)
)
2
x6
= 2
x3
x 9
R
4R
P1V1
PV
= 2 2 T1
T1
T2
1
1
2
= +
) S =
) 17 .
4
) 3
5
4 .
5
) 3 .
4
107
(103-109)
3-11-06
01:59
108
M - 2
84 C.
3 ,
,

, 9 C
.
;

240 C. ,
4 C ,
2 . .
10
12 gr 15 gr 25 cm3 . ,
0,2 gr/cm3 .
11
O 120 . 2 ,
3
. .
12
O

210 km
.

. ,
,
10 km/h

.
.
108
(103-109)
3-11-06
01:59
109
2.4 K

H
,
;
( 4 ..)
.
,
. :
) 34 + 21 34 .
34
21
T ;
;
:
AB = ,

.
21
34
34 + 21 = 1,62
34
)
= (1).
) (1) x .

5+1
) = =
1,618...
2
1,618...
.
,
,
.
,

.
,
=
109
(110-120)
3-11-06
02:04
2. 5
110
.

.

.
.
,
.. 2 > 4,
3 < 2,
>
2.
2
x

, .
:
.
.
.

;
. .. 5 3, 5 > 3, , 5 3 = 2 > 0.
, 2 4, 2 > 4,
, (2) ( 4) = 2 + 4 = 2 > 0.
, 3 5 4 2, 3 < 5 4 < 2,
, 3 5 = 2 < 0
( 4) (2) = 4 + 2 = 2 < 0. :
> > 0
< < 0
,
,
.
110
> 0 >
< 0 <
= 0 =
(110-120)
7-11-06
16:21
111
2.5 A
0, 8, 2, 4, 5, :
1. , 3
2. ,
i) 3
ii) 2
iii) 2

;
O
. :
) ,
.
.. 8 > 4, 8 + 3 > 4 + 3 8 3 > 4 3. :
> + > + >
+ + ,
. :
( + ) ( + ) = + = . > , > 0.
( + ) ( + ) , + > + .
> .
)
, .
.. 8 > 4, 8 2 > 4 2 8 > 4 . :
2
2
> > 0 >
>
, . = ( ) (1).
> 0 > 0, > . ,
, ( ) > 0. (1)
, > .
>
111
(110-120)
3-11-06
02:04
112
M - 2
)
, .
8 < 4 . :
.. 8 > 4, 8 (2) < 4 (2)
2
2
> < 0 <
<
) ,
.
.. 3 > 2 7 > 4, 3 + 7 > 2 + 4. :
> > + > +
:
> > >
.. 3 > 1 1 > 2,5 3 > 2,5.
)
, .
.. 3 > 2 > 0 7 > 4 > 0, 3 7 > 2 4. :
, , , > > >
E > > 0, () > (1)

E > > 0, > (2)
(1), (2) > .
:
1)
,
:
, 2 + 2 = 0, = 0 = 0.
2) ,
.
6>4
,
,
3>1
3 > 3 2 > 4, .
112
(110-120)
3-11-06
02:04
113
2.5 A
.
3x + 1
3
, x
> ,
2
4
, :

... .
( ... = 4 > 0,
,
),
A .

( , ).
4x4
3x + 1
3
>
2
4
3x + 1
3
> 4
2
4
4x 2(3x + 1) > 3
4x 6x 2 > 3
4x 6x > 3 + 2
2x > 5
.

. ( 2 < 0
, ).
2x
5
<
2
2
x <
5
2
> 4
;
) 3 + 2 < 10
) 5 1 > 4
) 2( + 2) < 12
4
>4
3 < 12
3 + 2 < 12 + 2
3 + 2 < 10
( 3)
( 2)
113
(110-120)
3-11-06
02:04
114
M - 2
>4
5
)
4
5
5
>
4
4
4
5 > 5
( 1)
4
5 1 > 5 1, 5 1 > 4
4
4
)
>4
( 2)
+2 >4+2
+2 >6
( 2)
2( + 2) < 2 6
2( + 2) < 12
,
46
2,5 4,5.

) ; ) ;
) = 2 + 2.
46
8 2 12

2,
2,5 4,5
5 2 9

8 + 5 2 + 2 12 + 9 13 2 + 2 21 13 21.
13
21.
) = .
6
2,54 4,5
,
4 2,5 6 4,5 10 27 10 27.
10
27.
x, y,
x2 + y 2 2xy. ;
x2 + y2 2xy,
, x2 + y2 2xy 0 (x y)2 0.
H ,
.
(x y)2 = 0, x y = 0 x = y.
114
(110-120)
3-11-06
02:04
115
2.5 A
O
.
15
25 10%.
12 45
(, ...).
25,
;
x,
x > 25.
10
3
15x
15x = 15x x ,
100
2
12x + 45 .
,
3
15x x < 12x + 45 30x 3x 24x < 90 3x < 90 x < 30.
2
E 25 30,
, 30, .
30, .
E
1
(), (),
.
) < 6, 6 < 0.
) > , < .
) < 0, > 0.
) 3x > 12, x > 4.
y
x
)
>
, x > y.
4
4
) x > 0, x + 5 > 0.
) > 6 > 4, + > 2.
) x > 2 y > 3, xy > 6.
>, <, , ,
.
) > 3, 3 ... 0
) < < , ...
115
(110-120)
3-11-06
02:05
116
M - 2
) > 0 < 0,
... 0
) 0, 2 ... 0
) < 0 , ...
) 0 0, + ... 0
, 3x 4 < 7
11 ;
3x < 7 + 4 3x < 11 x <
3
x > 3
;
) x + 4 > 7
) x 2 > 1
) 5x > 15
) 6x < 18
A > 12 > 3,
;
) + > 15
) > 9
) > 36
)
>4
= , = .

> , > .
A 3( ) > 2( + ), > 5.
x > 6
;
) 5x 30 < 0
) 2(x + 4) > 4
A 2 < < 6,
) 2
) 3x + 18 > 0
) 2 5
) 1 3
A < ,
) 5 3 < 5 3
) 2 + 4 > 2 + 4
) <
+
2
A 1 < x < 3 2 < y < 5, :

) 3 < x + y < 8
) 4 < 2x + y < 11
) 4 < x y < 1
A x > 2 y > 3, :
) xy > 6
116
) (x 2)(y 3) > 0
) (x + 2)y > 12
A , > , 2 > 2.
+
<
2
(110-120)
7-11-06
16:24
117
2.5 A
:
) > 1, 2 >
) x > 2, x3 > 2x2

1
1
<
.
A > , ,
10
A x > 3 y < 2, :
) (x 3)(y 2) < 0
) xy + 6 < 2x + 3y
11
x, y, :
) x2 + 1 2x
) (x + y)2 4xy
)
x2 + y2 + 1 2y
.
12
:
) x > 0, x + 1 2
x
13
114 135 ,
15, 6.
14
30 35 C 22
25 C. 2 3 ,
;
15
51 (
50 ).
60 kg 100 kg, 4 kg 15 kg
13,25 t, .

20 t;
16
:
) 11 3x < 7x + 1
3 4x 3x
6x
)
>
5
10
2
17
18
) x < 0, x + 1 2
x
) 2x 9 > 5x + 6
2x + 1
3 2x
)
x<
6
3
:
7x 1 < 8 + 6x
4x + 3 < 9 + 5x
)
)
3x 2 > x 10
1 x < 2x + 7
x,
) 4(3x 5) > 3(4x + 5)

1
2
x+4
) 1
x+
<
2
3
6
x
31
<
x+1
40
2x + 5 <
x
+2
2
x1
1
+1>x+
2
3
x+1
31
>
x+2
40
117
(110-120)
3-11-06
02:05
118
M - 2
2
1
A , :
) (x + )2 (x + )2 = 2 2
x+ x+
=
1.
3y 2

.
x, y.
x+2
x+1
+
2y
To ,
, 7 23. .
, 0.
x
2x
3
1
6x
22
+
= 2
+ 2
= 2
)
) 2
x
x+
x x
x + x
x 2
x 2
x2 + ( 5)x + = 0 1, .
(x) = x3 + 3x2 13x 15. N P(x) = 0,

x 3 (x).
N ,
1.
N ,
2 m 399 m2.
( A = 90)
. = x,
= 2x + 9 = 3,
x.
2x + 9
10
N (1 + )(1 + ) 1 + + .
11
) ( )2 + ( )2 + ( )2 = 2(2 + 2 + 2 ).
) , , 2 + 2 + 2 = + + ,
= = .
118
(110-120)
3-11-06
02:05
119
2.5 A
4
1
2
>
.
( + 2)
( + 1)( + 2) ( + 1)
12
13
, , , :
) 2 + 2 < 2 + 2
) 2 + 2 > 2 2
) 2 + 2 + 2 < 2 + 2 + 2
14
, , ,
2007 = 2008 = 2009.
15
> 4, ( + 1)x2 (3 2)x + + 1 = 0

.
16
, ,
... 1995 ).
2 + 2 + 2 2 4 6 + 14 = 0. (
17
= 2 10 + 272 8 + 8.
... 2001).
, ; (
18
:
x 19
x 17
x 15
x 13
+
+
+
= 4.

2001
2003
2005
2007
O :
, 2020 .
;
:
19
x 19
x 2020 + 2001
x 2020
=
+ 1, ...
2001 =
2001
2001
2
1
. x + x + = 0 0..
2. .
3.
.
4. 2 .................
x2 5x + 6 = 0.
5. (x 1)2 = 0.
6. H 2 .......................... .
7.
.
1. 2 .
2. x2 + x + = 0, 0 2 4 > 0 .................... .
3. .
4. x + = 0 0 .................... .
5. .
6. 0x = 7.
119
3-11-06
02:05
120
M - 2
E 2o K
1 .
x + = 0 0, .. 3x + 18 = 0
. .. x = 6
3x + 18 = 0, 3 (6) + 18 = 0.
x + = 0
x + = 0
3
4 + 3 = 0 4 = 3 =
x =
0
4
=0
0
=0
()
()
0x = 2 ()
0 = 0 ()
2 .
x2 + x + = 0 0,
.. 2x 2 5 + 3 = 0 = 2,
= 5 = 3
x 2 =
x 2 =
>0
x =
x =
x = 2 x =
2 x =
2
<0
()
x2 = 4 ()
=0
x = 0 ()
x2 = 0 x = 0 ( )
x 2 + x + = 0 0
= 2 4
(110-120)
>0
=0
<0
x 2 + x + = 0 0
+

, x = x =
2
2
, x =
2
()
:
1, 2 x2 + x + = 0 0, x2 + x + = (x 1)(x 2)
3 .
.
( ) .
4 . NI
:
> 0, >
< 0, <
= 0, =
A > ,
+>+
A > > 0, >

A > < 0, <
>
>
<
A > > , + > +

A > > , >
( )
A > > 0 > > 0, >

:
120
2 0.
, 2 + 2 = 0, = = 0.
.
(121-127)
3-11-06
02:18
121
3o
3.1
3.2

3.3

3

(121-127)
3-11-06
02:18
3.1
122
x y, 6.
) x y.
) (1, 8), (0, 6), (2, 7), (2, 2) (3, 0), (3, 5)
;
)
.
.
)
.
x + y =
x, y
x + y = .
, 2x + y = 6 , = 2, = 1 = 6.
x = 1 y = 4 2x + y = 6 ,
2 1 + 4 = 6, x = 3 y = 5 , 2 3 + 5 = 11 6.
(1, 4) 2x + y = 6,
.
x + y = (x, y)
.
2x + y = 6 (1, 4), .
, x
y, (x, y) .
x = 1
x=0
x=2
x=3
122
2 (1) + y = 6,
2 0 + y = 6,
2 2 + y = 6,
2 3 + y = 6,
y = 8.
y = 6.
y = 2.
y = 0 ...
x
y
1
8
0
6
2
2
(1, 8), (0, 6), (2, 2), (3, 0), ... 2x + y = 6.
3
0
(121-127)
7-11-06
16:28
123
3.1
A

2x + y = 6, .
y
(1, 8)
,
, .. (4, 2), 2x + y = 6,
2 4 + (2) = 6.
(x, y)
.
2x + y = 6
: 2x + y = 6.
(0, 6)
:
2x
+y
=6
(2, 2)
A ,
.
A
,
.
(3, 0)
1
4 x
(4, 2)

y = k.
A 0x + 2y = 6,
y
x + y = = 0,
(1, 3)
(1, 3) 3
(3, 3)
:y=3
x y = 3.
, (1, 3), (1, 3),
(3, 3), ... .
1
, 0x + 2y = 6

0
1
1
3
x
y = 3 . xx
yy (0, 3). y = 3.
H y = k k 0 xxx
yyy (0, k), y = 0
xxx
123
(121-127)
7-11-06
16:29
124
M - 3
x = k
y
: x=2
3
(2, 3)
(2, 1)
A 3x + 0y = 6,
x + y = = 0,
y x = 2.
, (2, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), ...
.
, 3x + 0y = 6
x = 2
.
yy xx
(2, 0).

x = 2.
(2, 2)
H x = k k 0 yyy
xxx (k, 0), x = 0
yyy
x + y = = = 0
0x + 0y = 7 , (x, y)
).
(
0x + 0y = 0
(x, y). , (1, 0), (0, 1),
).
(2, 1), (2, 2), ... (
,
.
0x + 0y = 0 ,
.
y
(2, 2)
(1, 0)
(0, 1)
(2, 1)
(0, 0)
x
(1, 1)
, 2x + y = 6, 0x + 2y = 6, 3x + 0y = 6, 0x + 0y = 7, 0x + 0y = 0,
o x, y.
.
x,y .
x, y
x + y = 0 0.
124
(121-127)
3-11-06
02:18
125
3.1
) : 2x 3y = 12.
) 2. ,
;
)
: 2x 3y = 12
.
x = 0 3y = 12, y = 4.
y = 0 2x = 12, x = 6.
2x 3y = 12
(0, 4)
(6, 0).
y
:
12
B(6, 0)
2x
y=
3
M(3, 2)
A(0, 4)
) ,
. y = 2 x
2x 3(2) = 12 2x + 6 = 12 2x = 6 x = 3.
x = 3.
A : x y = 1 (2, 5),
.
: x y = 1 (2, 5),
x y = 1. 2 5 = 1
2 = 6 = 3. 3x y = 1.
x = 0 3 0 y = 1 y = 1 y = 1,
yy (0, 1).
1
y = 0 3x 0 = 1 3x = 1 x = ,
3
1,
xx
0.
3
40 m.
) x, y.
) A y 10 m,
x;
y
x
x
x
x
x
) 5x + y + 3x + y,
5x + y + 3x + y = 40 8x + 2y = 40 4x + y = 20 (1).
) y 10 m, y 10
, y 10. A (1) y = 20 4x,
20 4x 10 4x 10 20 4x 10 x 2,5.
x 2,5 , 2,5 m.
125
(121-127)
3-11-06
02:18
126
M - 3
E
1
(3, 2), (1, 5), (0, 6), (3, 10), (2, 8)

4x + 3y = 18;
N (), (),
.
) (3, 2) : 3x y = 7.
) H : 5x + y = 10 xx (2, 0).
) : 2x + 5y = 0 .
) H : 3x + y = 6 yy (0, 3).
N
:
1. y = 1
2. x = 1
3. y = x
4. x = 1
( )
O 1, 2 . .
y
1
i) 1 : ) x = 1
ii) 2 : ) x = 1
126
y
1
( )
( )
( )
1
1
) y = 1
) y = 1
) y = x
) y = x
) y = x
) y = x
.
i) H (4, 3) xx
:
) y = 4 ) x = 4 ) x = 3
) y = 3
) 4x 3y = 0
ii) H (4, 2) yy
:
) y = 4 ) x = 4 ) x = 2
) y = 2
) 4x 2y = 0
(121-127)
3-11-06
02:18
127
3.1
:
) 1 : 2x y = 2
) 2 : 4x + 2y = 10
) 3 : 10x 5y = 20
T ;
: 6x + 2y = 8 2.
) , .
) = 4 .
: 4x + 3y = 12 xx yy
, :
) .
) , .
) 1 : 2x = 4, 2 : 3y = 6
.
) ;
1 : 2x y = 6,
2 : 3x + y = 10
3 : 5x + 3y = 16
) o :
x = 1,
x = 5,
y = 2
y=3
) .
, ( 2)x +( 1)y = 6
:
) xx
) yy.
N .

4 km/h
2 km/h
.

, :
)
x, y.
) A 3 km, ;
x y .
25 , x, y.

.
127
(128-132)
7-11-06
3. 2
16:32
128
M
.
1.
1 : x + y = 5 2 : 2x + y = 8.
2.
.
x, y,
.. x + y = 5 2x + y = 8
(x, y)
,
x y .
(3, 2)
x+y=5
3+2=5

,
2x + y = 8
23+2=8
(3, 2) .
x y
(x, y) .

x, y; (x, y)
;
x, y
.

..
:
128
2x + y = 8
x+y=5
7-11-06
16:33
129
3.2
y
1
:x
+
y=
5
2:
8
y=
2x+

1 : x + y = 5
2 : 2x + y = 8,

.
(3, 2)
.
(3, 2)
, x = 3 y = 2
, (3, 2)
. 1, 2
,
. (3, 2)
.
A (3, 2)
3 4
x
:4
4
2
=
6y
2x
1:
=
3y
6x
2y=
12
3x
y=6

3x y = 6
6x 2y = 12

1 : 3x y = 6
2 : 6x 2y = 12,
,
, () .

.
.
1 :

2x 3y = 6
4x 6y = 24

1 : 2x 3y = 6
2 : 4x 6y = 24,

.
, .

.
2 :
(128-132)
129
(128-132)
3-11-06
02:30
130
M - 3
2x + 3y = 14
x 2y = 0
) 1 : 2x + 3y = 14,
2 : x 2y = 0 xxx.
() :
)
(1, 4)
4
1 : 2x + 3y = 14 0
2y=
x
.
2:
x = 1 2 + 3y = 14
3y = 12, o y = 4.
2
(4, 2)
x = 7 2 7+3y = 14
1 :
2x
+3
1
(
2
,
1
)
3y = 0, y = 0.
y=
14
1
0
x
B(7, 0)
1
2
(1, 4) (7, 0).
(4, 0)

2 : x 2y = 0 .
x = 0 2y = 0, y = 0.
x = 2 2 2y = 0 2y = 2, y = 1.
2 (0, 0) (2, 1).
1, 2 (4, 2),
() (x, y) = (4, 2).
) 1, 2 xx ,
= 7 = 2.
72
=
= 7 .
2
N : 1 : x y = 0, 2 : x + y = 0,
:
xy=0
xy =0
( 1) :
( 2) :
x+y=0
x + y = 0
3 : x + y = 3.
1 : x y = 0 .
x = 0 y = 0 x = 1 y = 1. 1
(0, 0) (1, 1).
2 : x + y = 0 .
x = 0 y = 0 x = 1 y = 1. 2
(0, 0) (1, 1).
130
3-11-06
02:30
131
3.2
3 : x + y = 3.
x = 0 y = 3 y = 0
x = 3. 3
(0, 3) (3, 0).
:x
+
y=
0
:
1
0
y=
y=
x+
(1,1) 3
(1, 1)
(1)
(0, 0), 1 2
(0, 0), (2)
, 1 2
.
(3, 0)
(0, 3)
E
1
.
xy=5

:
2x + y = 1
) (3, 2)
) (1, 1)
) (1, 4)
) (2, 3)
1
2,
, .

. 1, 2 .
1. To .
. 1, 2 . 2. .
. 1, 2 .

.
)
2x + y
2x 3y = 0
=4
y=0
2x + 3y = 12
2x + 3y = 12
2x 3y = 0
y
0
y=
3
x
2
2x
+3
y=
12
y=
3. .
2
x+
(128-132)
1
0
x=0
2x 3y = 0
131
3-11-06
02:31
132
M - 3
:
x=3
y=3
)
)
x + 2y = 7
2x + y = 1
xy=0
3x y = 2
2x + 4y = 6
3x + 6y = 9
xy=0
x+y=0
4x 2y = 1
2x y = 10

.
:
) .
)

;
m/sec
B
20
15
10
5
t
:1
0x
y
+
60
=
0
132
8 10
sec
y

300
3: y=300

:
240
20 C
.
180
60 C 120
10 C.
300 C .
60

0
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27
x

1, 2, 3.
) .
) ,
;
) 12 ,
;
) 15
, ;
) ;
20
xy
=0

:
x + 2y = 5
x 3y = 2
x+y=2
)
)
)
x + 2y = 1
2x 6y = 4
x + 3y = 6
1 :
(128-132)
(133-142)
3-11-06
02:39
3. 3
133

:
)
)
.
, 30
10,
. 3 , 1
. 44 ,
;

,
.
, ,
( )
.
,

. :
xx ++ y3y == 4420
:

.
x + y = 20
x x = 20 y
A

,
, .
x 20 y
x + 3y = 44 :
(20 y) + 3y = 44
20 + 2y = 44
2y = 44 20
2y = 24 y = 12
T
,
.
.
y = 12 x = 20 y
:
x = 20 12
x=8
x = 8, y = 12,
(x, y) = (8, 12)
133
(133-142)
3-11-06
02:39
134
M - 3
, x = 8 y = 12 8 + 12 = 20
(8, 12) ,
8 + 3 12 = 44.

y.
)
A , , , .
,
3x5x + 2y2y ==124 y
, y .
:
3x + 5x = 12 + 4 8x = 16, x = 2.
x , .. ,
:
3 2 + 2y = 12 2y = 6 y = 3.
x = 2, y = 3, (x, y) = (2, 3).

2x3x ++ 7y5y == 81
:

,

x,

2
3, :
3x + 5y = 1 (2)
6x 10y = 2
2x + 7y = 8 3
6x + 21y = 24
,

.
6x 10y + 6x + 21y = 2 + 24
11y = 22, o y = 2

,
.
y = 2, 3x + 5y = 1
:
3x + 5 2 = 17
3x + 10 = 1
3x = 9
x = 3

x = 3, y = 2,
(x, y) = (3, 2)
x = 3 y = 2
3 (3) + 5 2 = 1
(3, 2) ,
2 (3) + 7 2 = 8
.
134
(133-142)
3-11-06
02:39
135
3.3 A
N ,
12.
, , + = 180.
, = 3 + 12. ,
.
+= 3=+180
12
3=+312++12 = 180
12
3=+3=+180
12
= 168
4
= 3 + 12
== 42
3 42 + 12
== 42
138
= 138 = 42.
(x + 2y) + y = 7
x + 2y = 4
x + 2y 4 , :
4x ++ 2yy ==74
xy += 2y7 =4 4
xy += 2y3 = 4
yx += 63 = 4
xy == 43 6
xy == 23
xy += 23 3 = 4
x = 2, y = 3, (x, y) = (2, 3).
3
N
3x y
x+y
=1
2
8
2x 1
y3
+
=2
5
2
, , :
3x y
x+y
8
8
=81
4(3x y) (x + y) = 8
2
8
2x 1
y3
2(2x 1) + 5(y 3) = 20
10
+ 10
= 10 2
5
2
4y x y = 8
12x
4x 2 + 5y 15 = 20
4x12x24y+ 5yx = y20= 8
4x11x+ 5y5y == 378

135
(133-142)
3-11-06
02:39
136
M - 3
O y ,
: 11x + 4x = 8 + 37 15x = 45 x = 3.
x = 3 :
4 3 + 5y = 37 12 + 5y = 37 5y = 25 y = 5.
x = 3, y = 5, (x, y) = (3, 5).
O
50 1 . , 126
90 . ;
x 50 y 1 ,
x + y = 126 (1).
H 0,50 x + 1 y,
0,50 x + 1 y = 90 (2).
(1) (2):
0,50 x +x1+ yy == 12690 ( 2)
126
xx + 2yy == 180
M y 2y = 126 180 y = 54 y = 54.

A y = 54 :
x + 54 = 126 x = 126 54 x = 72.
72 50 54 1 .
E
1

) (2, 4)
) (7, 1)
) (6, 2)
xx + yy == 46
) (5, 1)
3x2x ++ 2yy ==75
:
) x;
) y;
) x;
) y;
3x2x + 5y5y == 91
;
) 3x = 1
) 2x = 9
) 5x = 10
) 5x = 10
136
(133-142)
3-11-06
02:39
137
3.3 A
M
y ;
5x + 4y = 9
.....
3x

+ 2y = 1 .....
.....
2x4x + 3y5y==14 .....
M ;
7x + 4y = 8
2x + 5y = 7
y = 3x + 2
5x + 3y = 2
)
)
)
)
y = 3x 5
5x 5y = 18
y = 5x + 8
3x 2y = 4

2x + y = 5
5x 7y = 4
(1) :
(2) :
2x y = 3
5x + 7y = 4
,
. ;
:
x 2y = 1
x + 3y = 2
)
)
y=4
2x + y = 0
:
3x y = 7
2x y = 3
)
)
2x + y = 4
5x + 2y = 6
x4x+3yy ==109
x3x++2yy == 34
2x3x + 2y3y==00
6x2x+9y3y==35
2x + y
=3
4
3x y
=4
2
x1
y=1
4
x
y
+
= 1
6
4
:
4x 3(2x + 3y) = 20 x + y
)
2(x 2y) + 5(x 2) = 3y + 4
:
1,3 0,8 = 2,1
)
0,9 + 0,4 = 0,5
x 5 2y + 1
+
=3
2
3
x+4
y6
=4
3
2
y(x 6) 15 + 3x
(xx(y+1)(x4) += 2y)
= (x + y) y(y + 1)
0,2 = 1,5
4
3 + 1,4 = 1
2,5x + 3,2y = 1,8

1,6x 2,4y = 5,6
137
7-11-06
16:35
138
M - 3
1
2
=0
x
y
x+y=3
1
2
1
+
=
6
3
4
5
+
=
6
+
1
1
=
3
9
=1
1 : 2x + 5y = 10 2 : x y = 1.
O :
1 : 2x 3y = 14
2 : x + y = 2
3 : 3x y = 14
.

;
x y
=14
4
1
y=
3
x
:2
3 : 3
(133-142)
0
:x
+
y=
2
A 3 + 3 + 3 + ... + 3 + 5 + 5 + 5 + ... + 5 = 410

100,
3 5.
10
x2x+yy==78
x = 1 y = 2,
, .
11
x + y = (1, 2) (3, 2).

, .
12
, , x2 + ( )x + 2 = 0
1 3.
13

180 cm

.
.
180 cm
14
138
2,5
800 2 5 .

.
(133-142)
3-11-06
02:39
139
3.3 A
15
O
16.
2 , 4
.
;
16
12 cm.
,
58 cm. .
17
,
8 , 4 .
.
18
400 38% vol, 32% vol 48% vol .

;
19

= 0 t, t

. 2 sec 12m/sec 2sec
4 m/sec, 0 .
;
20
945 1810 C.
2 C
1,2 C,

.
21
10
, . 7 64
, 4 28
.
;
139
(133-142)
3-11-06
02:39
140
M - 3
xx ++ yy == 1k, k .
A 1 : ( + )x + y = 7 2 : x + ( + 3)y = 1
(2, 1), .
(1):
2xx +y y==3 9 ,
(2) :
3x2x+yy==
, , .
x, y :
) (x + y 2)2 + (2x 3y + 1)2 = 0
) 2x2 + y2 2xy + 4x + 4 = 0
:
)
(2x 3y + 4)(x + y)=0

2x + y = 4
(3x 4y)(x + 2y) = 8

x
+ y = 2
2
x2 + y2 = 2xy
x+y=7
, 100 , 4 15.
(2 3)x = + 1 , , .
18 cm.
72 cm2, .
, 5 ,
4
11 .
3
10
, 18 C
6 C . 350
4500 C, .
11
, 10
, 18 .
12
,
6 3.
, 4
9. ;
140
(133-142)
3-11-06
02:39
141
3.3 A
13
2 m
5 m, 94 m2. ,
4 m 6 m,
104 m2. ;
14
55 km.
80 km/h
60 km/h

80 km/h
.
B
A
55 km

60 km/h .
;
15
45 km.
3 ,
, 20 .
;
16
.
,

180 m
,
12 sec.
930 m
42 sec.
.
17
R1, R2, , 2,4 .

R2 12 ,
R1. R1, R2.
E 3o K
1 .
x, y x + y = ,
.. 3 + 2y = 7.
x + y = (x, y)
.
.. (1, 2) 3 + 2y = 7, 3 1 + 2 2 = 7.
x + y = , 0 0.
141
7-11-06
21:43
142
M - 3
y
=
5y
4x
:
5
2
10
: x=3
2
: y=2
1
1
0
2
0 0,
x+y=

.
=0,
y=
xx xx.
=0,
x=
yy yy.
, .
.. (3, 4) : y = 0, 3 4 = 0.
,
. .. (0, 2) : 4 5y = 10, 4 0 5 (2) = 10.
2 .
x, y :
1 x + 1 y = 1
3 + 2y = 4
..
() :
2 x + 2 y = 2
3y = 5
() (x, y)
. .. (2, 1)
3 + 23yy == 45
2(1) = 4
322 + 3(1)
= 5
x, y :
)
1, 2.
8
2:
8
y=
2x+
5
y=
+
:x
1
2:
4x
6y
y
4
24
3
6
x
3 4
1, 2 ,

. ..
x + y = 5
2x + y = 8
(x, y) = (3, 2).
(3,2)
2 : 6
x2y
=1
1 : 3
xy= 2
6
(133-142)
x
:2
=6
1, 2

,
.
.
1, 2 ,
,
.

.
)

1 .
142
(143-149)
3-11-06
02:57
143
4o
4.1
y = x 2 0
4.2
y = x 2 + x +
0
4
(143-149)
3-11-06
02:57
4.1
144
y = x2 0

.
y = x2 0.
y = x2
.
1. :
y x y = ................
To y x y = ..........
To y x y = ..............
2. , x 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3,
y;
3. (x, y) .
y = x 2 > 0
x, y
, , x y. , y = x2 ,
x y.
.. x = 1 y = 12 = 1,
y
x = 2 y = 22 = 4 ...
9
(3, 9)
(3, 9)
,
8
(x, y), y
x,
7

y
M(x, y)
M(x, y)
.
6

y = x 2
5
x.
(2, 4)
x
y
3
9
2
4
1
1
0
0
1
1
2
4
3
9

.

y = x2.
144
(2, 4)
2
(1, 1)
(1, 1)
x
3 x 2
1 (0,0)
(143-149)
3-11-06
02:57
145
4.1 y = x 2 0
A :
(0, 0) xx ,
x y 0.
H y = x2 y = 0, x = 0.
x = 3 x = 3 y = 9 (3, 9) (3, 9)
yy. x
y, y = x2 yy.
y = x 2 < 0
M
y = x2,
.
:
(0, 0)
xx ,
x
y 0.
H y = x2
y = 0, x = 0.
x
y,
y = x2 yy.
3 x 2
1 (0,0)
(1, 1)
3 x
(1, 1)
3
(2, 4)
(2, 4)
6
y
M((x, y)
M(x, y)
(3, 9)
(3, 9)
y = x 2 0.

(0, 0) yy.
A > 0,
xx

y = 0, x = 0.
< 0,

xx
y = 0, x = 0.
y
O (0, 0)
y=x
>0
y=x2
<0
O(0, 0)
145
21-11-06
17:18
146
M - 4
y = x2
. :
y
)

y = x2
xx,

.

, .
y=2 2
x
y= 2
x
y=
1 x2
y = x2
y=
1 x2
y=2 2
x
(143-149)
) y = 2x2 y = 2x2
,
xx.
:
y = x2 y = x2
xx.
y=2x2
x
y=2x2
N , y = x 2
(1, 3).
y = x2 (1, 3), , y = x2.

, x = 1 y = 3, 3 = (1)2, = 3.
N y = 2x 2 2 x 2
y.
9 ;
2
y = 2x2.
x
y
146
2
8
1
2
0
0
1
2
2 8
21-11-06
17:19
147
4.1 y = x 2 0
M 2 1
. ,
x, 2 2
(2 x 2) y 8
0 ( 8 y 0).
(1, 2)
, y 0, x = 0
y 8, x = 2 x = 2.
y =
(1, 2)
9
:
2
9
9
3
= 2x2 x2 = , x = .
2
4
2
9
2
3
9
3
9
, .
,
2
2
2
2

,
9
: y =
y = 2x2.
2
(2, 8)
2
y = 2x
(143-149)
(2, 8)
A ,
t S, S = 1 gt 2 (g 10m/sec 2).
2
N .
S g = 10 m/sec2
1
S =
10 t2 = 5t2.
2
20
(2, 20)
15
2
S = 5t
(0, 0)
(1, 5), (2, 20) ...
,

1 .
10
5
(1, 5)
E
1
y = 2x2;
1
1
) (2, 8)
) (1, 2)
) (2, 8)
)
,
2
2
147
(143-149)
7-11-06
16:39
148
M - 4
o ;
) y = 4x2
) y = 4x2
) y = (4x)2
) y = (4x)2.
(), (),
:
) H y = 6x2 (0, 0).
) xx y = x2.
) y = 8x2 y = 8x2
yy.
) y = 3x2 y = 0.
) y = 2x2 y = 0.
) y = x2 (1, 2),
(1, 2).

1
y = x2.
4
)
.
)

1
y = x 2.
4
) = 1
) = 4
) =
1
8

.
1
1
1) y = x2
2) y = 3x2
3) y = x2
4) y = x2
3
3
)
148
A y = x2 (2, 4), :
) = 2
(143-149)
3-11-06
02:57
149
4.1 y = x 2 0
N :
) y = 2x2
) y = 2x2
) y =
3 2
x
4
2 2
x
3
) y =
N :
1
3 2
3
) y = x2, y = x2 y = 3x2
) y =
x y = x2
3
2
2
y
N
.

xx
.
2
x
(2, 1)
N y = 4x2 9.
N , y = ( + 2)x2
1, 1
.
2 2
y =
1 2
x
(2, ), .

1
m = m2.
2
) -
1, 2 4 .
) = 2,
.
3
) =
,
2
, .
149
3-11-06
03:01
4. 2
150
y = x2 + x + 0

y = x 2 + x + 0.
1. y = x2 4x + 3
:
x
y
2. y = x2.
3. N y = x2 (2, 1)
x = 2.
y = x2 4x + 3 ;
y = x2 y = x2, ,
y = 3x2 1, y = 2x2 + 8x, y = x2 4x + 3 ...,
.
T y = x 2 + x + 0.
, y = x2 4x + 3
,
x.
1
0
2
1
3
0
4
3
5
8

.

y = x 2,

2
1 .

y = x2 4x + 3.
150
y
8
4x
+3
0
3
y = x2
1
8
y = x2
x
y
x=2
(150-158)
3 2 1 O
1
2 3
1
K(2, 1)
3-11-06
03:01
151
4.2 y = x 2 + x + 0
y = x2 4x + 3 ,
(2, 1) x = 2.
H y = x2 + x + 0
:
, = 2 4
2
4

x =
2
y = x2 4x + 3 (2, 1)
x = 2.
,
( 4)2 4 1 3
4
=
= 2
=
= 1.
2
41
21
4
y
O,
y = x2 2x + 3 y = x2 ,
(1, 4)
( 2)2 4 (1) 3
=
= 4.
4
4 (1)
2
1
4
3 2 1 0
x = 1
2
=
= 1
2
2 (1)
2x +
x = 1,
K(1, 4)
y =x2
(150-158)
y = x2 4x + 3 y = x2 2x + 3,
, :
y = x2 4x + 3 > 0
(2, 1) y = 1, x = 2.
y = x2 2x + 3 < 0
(1, 4) y = 4, x = 1.
A > 0, y = x2 + x + y =
, x =
4
2
A < 0, y = x2 + x + y =
, x =
4
2
151
14-11-06
15:57
152
M - 4
N y = x 2 2
x xx.
H y = x2 2 y = x2 + x + = 1, = 0 = 2,
02 4 1 (2)

=
= 0
=
= 2.
2
21
4
41
y

(0, 2)
x = 0, yy.

.
x
y
3
7
2
2
1
1
0
2
1
1
2
2
3
7
y = x2
2
2
- 2
-3 -2 -1 0
-1

-2
y = x2 2 xx y = 0 (
xx 0) x2 2 = 0 x2 = 2,
x =
2 x =
2. , xx
(
2, 0) (
2, 0).
y=x 2
2
+2
+2
2
y=x 2
+2
y=x 2
+2
, y = x2 + 2, (0, 2)
y = x2
2 ( , 0).
+2
y = x2 2, (0, 2), y = x2
2 ( , 0).
(150-158)
-2
N y = (x 2) 2
y yy.
H y = (x 2)2 y = x2 4x + 4 y = x2+ x+
= 1, = 4 = 4, :
152
3-11-06
03:01
153
4.2 y = x 2 + x + 0
(4)2 4 1 4
=
= 2
=
= 0.
2
21
4
41
x
y
1
9
0
4
1
1
2
0
3
1
4
4
x=2
2) 2
,
(2, 0)
x = 2.

.
y = (x
5
9
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5
x

2
y = (x 2) yy, x = 0 ( yy 0), y = (0 2)2 = 4. , yy (0, 4).
, y = (x + 1)2,
(1, 0), y = x2 1
( ,
0).
+2
2) 2
+2
y = (x
y = x2
+ 1) 2
:
y = (x 2)2,
(2, 0), y = x 2
2 (
,
0).
y = (x
(150-158)
+2

1
+2
- 4 -3 -2 -1 0
+2
2 3 4
5 x
N y = x 2 4x x y < 0.
H y = x2 4x y = x2 + x + = 1, = 4
= 0,
(4)2 4 1 0
=
= 2
=
= 4.
2
21
4
41
, (2, 4)
x = 2.

.
153
3-11-06
03:01
154
M - 4
x
y
1
5
0
0
1
3
2
3
4 3
4
0
5
5
x=2
y = x2
4x

y
x
0 4. , y < 0, 0 < x < 4.
-1 0
1 2
4 5
-3
-4
K(2, 4)
E
y
5
3

y = x2 2x 3. N
.
) .............................
........................
.......................................
) ..............................
y = ................., x = ..................
) xx
................., ................... yy
.................. .
2x
y = x2
(150-158)
2
1
-2 -1 0
-1
3 4
-2
-3
-4
. y = 4x2 + 2 :
i)
) (4, 2)
) (0, 4)
) (0, 2)
) (2, 0)
ii)
) x = 2
) y = 0
) x = 0
) y = 2
(), (),
:
) y = 2x2 5x + 4 .
) y = x2 x + 2 yy (0, 2).
) yy y = 3x2 7.
) y = (x + 1)2 xx.
) H y = x2 + 2 yy.
154
(150-158)
3-11-06
03:01
155
4.2 y = x 2 + x + 0

.
1. y = (x + 1)2
2. y = x2 1
3. y = x2 + 1
4. y = (x 1)2
)
)
y
1 0
1
)
y
1 0
3 2 1 0
3 x
1
1 x
1 0
O y = x2 + x + < 0 .
x
y
2
5
1
0
0
3
1
4
2
3
3
0
4
5
:
)
........................... ...........................
) y = ....................., x = ..................
) xx .............,
........................... yy ...........................
:
) y = 2x2 + 4x + 6
) y = x2 + 2x 3
:
) y = 3x2 12x + 11
) y = 4x2 8x + 1
) y = 2(x 6)2 + 7
y = x2 + 2x 4 x 2
x, x 2 + 2x = 3.
y = x2 2x + 2
x2 + 2 > 2x x.
155
(150-158)
3-11-06
03:01
156
M - 4
y = x2 + 3x + .
) (1, 6)
;
) = 2, 4 x 1
.
y = x2 6x + 5. , ,
, .
, y = x2 + x + x = 4
y = 7.
y

,
M
10

5
A
10 m 40 m.
x
0
20
30
40
5
1
0
)
1 2
y =
x + x,
40
0 x 40.
) ,
, 30
;
4
1
N 9y2 = 4x4
xx, .
N , y = (2 1)x2 y = (1 42)x2
xx.
y = x2, y = 2x 3
.
, (2, 3)
yy (0, 5).
156
(150-158)
14-11-06
15:59
157
4.2 y = x 2 + x + 0
( = 90)
10 cm.
) y
1 2
= x y =
x + 5x, 0 < x < 10.
2
) .
) ,
.
, 6 m 3 m.
,

.
,
;
6m
= 10 cm
3m
.
,
;
6 m
, 8 m,
.
6 m ,
:
)

1 2
y=
x + 2x + 6, 0 x 6.
2
)

6 m ;
8
6

= 16 m
= 6 m.
)

3 2
y=
x + 6, 8 x 8.
32
6m
O
16 m
) ,
3,2 m .
157
(150-158)
3-11-06
03:02
158
M - 4
E 4o K
)
y = x 2 0

y = 0, x = 0
>0
(0, 0)
x=0
y

y = 0, x = 0
<0
y = x 2 + x + 0
y
>0
, )
( 2
4
x=
2
y = ,
4
x
x=
2
K
K
158
y
<0
y = ,
4
x=
2
(159-166)
3-11-06
03:13
159
5o
5.1
5.2
5.3
5

(159-166)
3-11-06
5.1
03:13
160

.

.

.
.
1. ;
2. ;
3. ;
4. ;

. ,
, ,
... , (, ,
, , , , ...),
(, , , ...) . , , , .
.

(, , , ...)
:
)

. ..
= , , , , , , , 2004
= 2, 0, 4, ...

.
, ,
160
(159-166)
3-11-06
03:13
161
5.1
. ..
= , , , ..., x, y, ,
= 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ....

, . :
)
= 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, ...,
, :
= = xN, x

.
) Venn
.
..
,
Venn.

= , , , = ,
= , , ,
.
, = .
, .
= , , , = , , , , , , ,

.
.
o ,
.
161
(159-166)
3-11-06
03:13
162
M - 5
:
.
, .
:
= 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...
= ..., 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
=
E
1
3
2
4
, , , 0
=
T
,
.
.
.. = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

, A = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , B = 2, 4, 6 ...

=
, .
.
.
.
4
2
1
= 1, 2, 3 , = 2, 3, 4, 5 ,

.

.
= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

, , ,
.
162
(159-166)
3-11-06
03:13
163
5.1
)
= 1, 2, 3 , = 2, 3, 4, 5 ,

.
,
.
= 2, 3 .
4
2
1

, , .
)
= 1, 2, 3, 4
= 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ,

6
. 0
.
2
1
7
= 0, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 .
8
3 4

5
Venn, :
9

A A = =
N :
= xx,, 3 x < 2 ,, =

3
= x,, x = x ..
T x,
3 x < 2, = 3, 2, 1, 0, 1.
, = 1, 3, 5, 7, ....
x3 = x x3 x = 0
x(x2 1) = 0 x(x 1)(x + 1) = 0.
x = 0 x = 1 x = 0, o =1, 0, 1.
= 0
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
= xx
, x = xx
, x 182 1 ..
) ,
Venn.
163
(159-166)
3-11-06
03:13
164
M - 5
) , , ..
) ( ) = ( ) = ..
) ,
:
= 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 = 1, 8, 2.
Venn .
) :
= 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 , = 2, 8 ,
= 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 = 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 .
4
3
6
7
9
) = 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 , ( ) = 3, 5, 7, 9 .
= 3, 5, 7, 9 , ( ) = .
= 2, 8 , ( ) = 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 .
= 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 , ( ) = .
E
1
(), (),
:
) = 1, 2, 3 = 3, 2, 1 .
) = 6, 7 = 67 .
) = , = , , , , .
) = x, 0x = 2 .
) = .
) = .

, .

164
x, x2 = 4
x, x2 = 4
x, 3x = 4
x, x 2

1. 0, 1, 2
2.
3. 2, 2
4. 2
5. 1, 2
(159-166)
3-11-06
03:13
165
5.1
4
2
1
5
7

, = , , , , .

.
. , ,
. , , , ,
.
.
A Venn

:
= ............................................................................
= .................................. = ..................................
= ................................. = .................................
= ........................... = ...........................

1. , , , ,
2.
3. , ,
4. ,
5. , , ,
6. ,
Venn
:
) : ..................................................................
) : ..................................................................
) : ........................................................................
) : ........................................................................
) ( ): ...............................................................
) ( ): ...............................................................
:
) = x, x2 = 25
) = x, x2 = 25
) = x, 2 < x 4
) = x, x 12
= 0, 2, 4 , = 1, 0 , = 1, 2, 3, = (1, 2), (4, 5)

= 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
= 6 =x, x2 + x = 0 ;
165
(159-166)
3-11-06
03:13
166
M - 5
N :
= 2123
.
N :
= (x, y), x, y x + y = 4
N :
) = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ...
) = , , , , ,
) = 0, 2
= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 , = 1, 2, 4, 5
= 2, 4, 6 . Venn
:
)
)
)
)
:
= ,
=
= .
) , ,
Venn.
) , , .
) ( ) = ( ) ( ).
:
= 2004 .
= 2004 .
:
) .
) .
) .
) .
= =
:
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
166
(167-173)
3-11-06
11:21
5. 2
167
,
.
,
.

.
1.
;
) . ;
) .
;
) . ;
) 2.
;
) 1 2.
;
) . ;
2. ,
; ;

, , . :
A ,
100 K.
2,
.
, ,
.
. ,

,
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
.
167
(167-173)
3-11-06
11:21
168
M - 5
, ()
(), = , .
N ( ) .
.. () = 6, () = 2.

, ,
.

, .
,
1 2, :

...
1
111
112
121
122
211
212
221
222
M ,
,
.
O

1 2, :
= 111, 112, 121, 122, 211, 212, 221, 222 ,
8 (() = 8).
1
2
1
2
2
A ,

, .
, :
= (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), ..., (6, 5), (6,6) ,
36 (() = 36).
168
2
1
(1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
(2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
(3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
(4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
(5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
(6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
(167-173)
3-11-06
11:21
169
5.2
E
, = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 .
= 2, 4, 6 , ,
.
, = 1, 2, 3 4.

.
6, = 2, 4, 6 ,
.
6 2
4. 2, 4, 6
.
, ,
, (). = 2, 4, 6 () = 3.

, 7
= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
.
6 .

.

, , Venn.

. :
,
,
, .
.. = 2, 4, 6 = 1, 2, 3 ,
= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 .
,
,
.
.. = 2, 4, 6 = 1, 2, 3 ,
= 2 .
4
2
6
5
4
2
6
5
169
(167-173)
3-11-06
11:21
170
M - 5
, .
..
= 2, 4, 6 , = 1, 3, 5 .
2
6
5

,
,
= .
.. , = 1, 3
= 2, 4, 6 ,

.
.
6
5
, = .
,
.
,
;
To (),
() ().

,
.
To :
= , , , , , , , ,
, , , ,
I
N
H
I
N
II
INH
INI
INN
H
I
N
H
I
N
NH
NIH
NII
NIN
NNH
NNI
NNN
H
N
I
N
170
(167-173)
3-11-06
11:21
171
5.2
4 1 4.
, ,
.
) .
) .
. .
.
.
. 3.
) 16
, :
= (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), ..., (4, 3) (4, 4) .
2
1
1
2
3
4
(1,1)
(2,1)
(3,1)
(4,1)
(1,2)
(2,2)
(3,2)
(4,2)
(1,3)
(2,3)
(3,3)
(4,3)
(1,4)
(2,4)
(3,4)
(4,4)
)
.
: = (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4) .

.
: = (2, 1) (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1), (4, 2) (4, 3) .

3.
: = (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 4), (1, 3), (2, 3), (4, 3) .
E
1
:
) .
) .
) .
) .

.

. ;
171
(167-173)
3-11-06
11:21
172
M - 5

2, 3, 5,

, .
;
2
3
5
= 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ,
;
) = 4, 8, 10 ) = 0, 2, 3, 6
) = 4, 7, 8, 10
) = 6
6. :
) = 2, 4, 6
) = 1, 3, 5
) = 4, 5, 6
) = 1, 2, 3
)
)
.
;
) 31 .
) .
) .
) 27 .

() ().
, .
;
) .
.
) .
.
172

1. .
2.
, .
3. .
4.
.
(167-173)
3-11-06
11:21
173
5.2
(), (), ()
(), ().

.
;
. ;

, , ,
( ).
.
, , ,
.
) .
) ;
) ;
4 (, , ,
) 3 (, , ).

. :
) .
) : .
: .
= 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 .
Venn
= x, x 9 = x, x < 6
, :
) , .
) .
) .

2. 6 8 9
4 7.
) ;
) :
: 7.
: 6 8.
173
(174-182)
3-11-06
11:23
5. 3
174
.
.

.
6
6. ;

,
= 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 .

,
.
,
.

6, = 0, 2, 4 0 2 4,
6 = {6, 8}
6 8. 5
, 3
2 .
3 60%
5
3
() =
60%,
5
(B) = 2 40%.
5
,
() = 3 () = 2,
, () = 5.
, ,

()
() =
=

()
, 25 , 11
14 , ,
174
(174-182)
14-11-06
16:01
175
5.3
: : :
() =
()
11
=
44%
()
25
() =
()
14
=
56%.
()
25
:
()
( )
() =
= 1 ( ) =
=0
()
()
0
1,
. :
0
() 1
,
= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 6 .
= 1, 2
()
2
1
() =
=
= .
()
6
3
4
2
()
= 3, 4, 5, 6 () =
= = .
6
3
()
1
2
() + () = + = 1.
3
3
2
5
, () + ()) = 1.
= 1, 2 , = 2, 3, 5
, :
= 1, 2, 3, 5 = 2 .
2
3
4
1
P( ) = .
() = , (B) = , P(A ) =
6
6
6
6
: (A ) + P( ) =
2
5
4
1
5
2
3
5
+
=
() + (B) =
+
= ,
6
6
6
6
6
6
(A ) + P( ) = () + (B).
, (A ) + P( ) = ( ) + ( B)

.
175
(174-182)
3-11-06
11:23
176
M - 5
.
:
: .
: .
: 31 .
12 ,
() = 12.
= , ,
() = 2.
() =
()
2
1
=
=
16,7%.
()
12
6
= , , , () = 3.
(B)
3
1
(B) =
=
=
25%.
()
12
4

= , , , , , , ,
( )
7
( ) = 7. ( ) =
=
58,3%.
()
12
M .
45%,
60%
27%, :
) .
) .

.
, :
45
60
27
() =
,
() =
( ) =
.
100
100
100
) ,
. () + () = 1, :
45
55
45
+ () = 1 () = 1
() =
.
100
100
100
55%.
176
(174-182)
3-11-06
11:23
177
5.3
)
,
, , .
( ) + ( ) = () + (), :
( ) +
27
45
60
=
+
100
100
100
( ) =
45
60 27
78
+
=
.
100
100 100
100
78%.
E
1
;
) 12 , 4 ,
4 4 , .
) 12 , 5 ,
5 2 , .
) .
) .
,
:
1
1
7
17
)
)
)
)
2
24
24
24
N .
(), (),
.
) () = 1,02.
) 80%, () = 80.
) 1
0.
) 32%,
68%.
3
,
5
:
5
1
2
4
)
)
)
)
3
5
5
5
N .
4
5
1
, () =
( ) =
.
11
11
11
6
( ) =
. ;
11
.
, () =
177
(174-182)
21-11-06
17:21
178
M - 5
1 13.
:
)
) 4;
1200 .
% 6 ;
52 12 .
, ;
20 , 8 , 7
5 . .
:
: .
: .
: .

25
.
,
:
) 15
) 14
) 16
) 19 20
9
10
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1
2
3
2
4
3
2
2
3
2
1
.
;
. :
: 6.
: .
: 5.
25 12 .
, ;
178
(174-182)
14-11-06
16:02
179
5.3

,
;
10

. ;
7
3
5
, () =
, () =
( ) =
.
10
10
10
( ).
1
5
11
, () =
( ) = , ( ).
14
14
2
11
() =
12
42%,
21% 15%.
;
13
,
24 , 18 , 14 20
. ,
;
,
. .
, ,
4 , 1 , 2 1
.
1
2
1
2
5
%
,
5
0
%
4
4
4 25%.

;
179
(174-182)
3-11-06
11:23
180
M - 5
5
1
= x, x 8 , A = x, x
= x, x 8 .
) , ,
Venn.
) , , .
) A , :
i)
ii)
iii)
iv) .
12 , 3 , 3 ,
3 3 .
; 1
, 2 1 .
;
80
. 18 30
, 36 .
) :

) . :
i)
ii)
iii)
iv) .
25, 36, 65, 92 , .

, ;
8, 12, 16, 20 .

;
1, 2, 3, 4
180
(174-182)
3-11-06
11:23
181
M - 5
.
.
) ) .
7
, ( ) =
10
11
() + () =
, ( ).
10
, ,
8 7.
;

( )
.
, , , ,
:

2 = 21
4 = 22
8 = 23
N :
) 5 .
) 5 .
) , 6 .
E 5o K
.
, .

Venn .
, .
,
.
.
181
3-11-06
11:23
182
M - 5
,
.
,
.

.
.
,
.
.
.
,
.

.
.
(174-182)

, .

.

.
, = .
.

() =

()
=

()
0 () 1.
() = 1 () = 0.

() + () = 1
, ( ) + ( ) = () + ().
182
(183-184) ()
3-11-06
11:25
183
(183-184) ()
3-11-06
11:25
184
(185-197)
3-11-06
11:29
185
1o
1.1 .
1.2 .
1.3 .
1.4 .
1.5 .
1.6
185
(185-197)
3-11-06
11:29
1.1
186

( ) .

.
.
A , , 1, 2, 3, 4.
1.
1, 2, 3, 4 .
2. :
= ....., = ....., = ....., = .....,
= .....
= .....
, ,
, , .
+ B + = 180

, .. , .

..
.
:
,
.
186
A,
(185-197)
3-11-06
11:29
187
1.1

, .
:
=
.
, , ,
, .

,
.

, , ,
, ,
.

,
,
. :

B
= ,
= ,
=
= , = , = .
, ,
.

, .
187
3-11-06
11:29
188
M - 1
I .
,
.
.
, ,
.

.
,
.
.

1 ( )

, .
,

= , =
= .
,
B

,
, , .
, .
5 cm
70
m
4c
,
,
( = = 4 cm, = = 5 cm)
( = = 70).
,
,
4 cm
(185-197)
70
5 cm
= , = = .
, , .
:
.
188
7-11-06
16:42
189
1.1
2 ( ).

=
= = .

,

,
.
, .

, .
,
,
( = = 8 cm)
( = = 60, = = 40).

,
= , = , = .
60
8 cm
40
8 cm
60
40
, , .
:
.
3 ( ) .

( = , = , = ).
,
,
. E
, .
m
6c
6
cm
5 cm
5c
m
,
,
, = = 3 cm,
A = = 6 cm = = 5 cm.
,
= , = = .
3 cm
(185-197)
cm
189
(185-197)
3-11-06
11:29
190
M - 1

.

2
1 ,
, .
2

. ,
.
.
,
.
3 ,
.
4 5 ,
,
180.
.

.

, .
:
,

.
190
(185-197)
3-11-06
11:29
191
1.1
( = ) .
) .
) = .
) ,
:
= ,
=
1 = 2, .
,
.
1 2
1 2
,
= ,
=
1 = 2.
1 = 2 1 + 2 = 180, 1 = 2 = 90,
. , = .
:
:
) .
) ,
.
= = = .
= .
, :
=
1 = 2

,
.
,
, = .
191
(185-197)
3-11-06
11:29
192
M - 1
()
. ,
= .
, :
= ,
= , .
,
.
,
, = .

:
.
,

.
z xOy
y
. ,

, = .
z
,
A
:
2
1
=
1 = 2, z xOy.
,
.
, ,
= .

:
.
,
.
192
7-11-06
16:44
193
1.1
E
1
= ....., = ..... = ...... .
cm
45
45

= ..... = .....
70
70
80
80

.
.
B
8 cm
8 cm
7 cm
6 cm
cm

,
.
60
60
75
45
60
45
7 cm
7 cm
7 cm
;
.
70
70
50
5 cm
= ..... , = ..... = .....
60
7 cm
cm
8
8 cm
5 cm
50
5 cm
60
5 cm
(185-197)
cm
(), (),
:
) , .
) , .
) .
) .
) ,
.
) ,
.
193
3-11-06
11:29
194
M - 1

;

.
55
8 cm
8 cm
35
50
40
40
5 cm
8 cm
cm
5 cm

.

.
6 cm
10

.

.
5 cm
6 cm
11
4c
m
m
4c
(185-197)
= = .
= .
xOy. =
, = .
A
x
, , = .
= .
y
= = .
= .
194
3-11-06
11:29
195
1.1
K
8 cm. = = = 3 cm,

.
3c
m
(185-197)
m
3c
3 cm
,

= .
= .
.
= = .

. :
) =
B
) .
10

.
.
30
30
70
70
B
11
,
,
12
195
(185-197)
3-11-06
11:29
196
M - 1
13

.
= = , :
B
) = .
) .
B
14
15

. = ,
:
)
) .
( = )
.
= , = .
16
= = 90 = . =
.
17
( = 90) . ,
= .
18
() .
, ().
19
=
= .
, :
) =
) .
20
, ,

, .
21
196

. ,

.
(185-197)
3-11-06
11:30
197
1.1

A ,
, :

.
, ..

= .
, ..
,

,
.

, .
, , 2.500
.
= ; ;

.
197
(198-205)
3-11-06
1. 2
11:32
198

.
.

.
M
.
1. .
2. ,
;

1, 2, 3

, , , 1
1
,
B
2
2
.
1
1, 2, 3 ,
2
3
, ,
, .
, // , //
:
=
= , =
, = .
2 = 2
2, 3
.
1 = 1
,
.
,
. ,
, = . , , :
,
.
198
(198-205)
3-11-06
11:32
199
1.2
, ( // )

, , , ,
,
. = .
, ,
//
// , , ,
,
. = .
, , :
()

, .

= 5 cm
, 1,66... cm,
.

,
y

:
x

, , .
x
, , ,
, , y . x
, . = = .
4, 5, 6, ...,
.
H
,
, 4 = 4 .
:
= 4.
199
(198-205)
3-11-06
11:33
200
M B - 1

4.
()
4 AB
, ,
1
,
:
3
1
=

= .
3
3
:
=
2

= .
3
1 ,
3
2
.
3
, , :

, = .
= 3 cm
= 6 cm,
1
,
2

3 cm
6 cm
3 cm
1
=
6 cm
2
,
.
, = 120 cm ZH = 1,5 m,
120 cm
120 cm
4
=
=
=
1,5 m
150 cm
5
, ,
.
..
= 2,
,
, = 80 cm = 40 cm = 18 cm
= 9 cm ...
200
(198-205)
3-11-06
11:33
201
1.2

9 cm
6 cm
3 cm
2 cm
= 9 cm = 3 cm,

= 3. , = 6 cm
= 2 cm,
= 3.
=
= 3,
.
, ,
, , .
, , ,
= .
=
, , , .
, ,
, .
, , ,
.
, , , .
:

.

.

.
= =
= = =
+
+
= = =
201
(198-205)
3-11-06
11:33
202
M B - 1

.
) , .

) ,
,
.

) O 1, 2, 3, 4 1,
. = = .
) , , , :
A
1
A
3
A
2
= ,
= ,
=
=1
,
// // , :
)
) =
2
) // , .
// , .
) ,
, = . =
, =
.
2
2
:
.
( = 90)
// , :
)
) =
2
) // , .
) // , . ,
= .
202
(198-205)
3-11-06
11:33
203
1.2
, =
. :
2
2
, , , = 2 cm,
= 4 cm = 3 cm, ,
, .
2 cm
4 cm
2 cm
1
=
=
4 cm
2
3 cm
3 cm
1
=
= .
6 cm
2
=
,
, .
E
1 // 2 // 3.
x.
A // //
4 cm,
.

;
.
:
)
4 cm
12 cm
203
(198-205)
3-11-06
11:33
204
M B - 1
= = =
:
)
(), (),
.
2
) = 8 cm = 12 cm,
= .
2
)
= , = 2 = 3.
3
) 1.
2
)
= , .
5
) 2.
) ,
1
= .
)
1
.
3
1
=
= 1 = 4,
.
;
// //
// // .
= , x y.
204
)
= 7 cm
2
= ,
5
4
6
= = .
5
5
) :
AB
ZH
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
ZH
ZH
7-11-06
16:46
205
1.2
)
)
)
1 cm
2 cm
( = 90) = 6 cm = 10 cm. :
)
)
)
4 cm.
.
, // .
:
) , ,
.
) ,
, .
= = 90.
A ,
= .

.
,

,
.
;
(198-205)
205
(206-209)
3-11-06
1. 3
11:35
206
1. ,
.
2. ,

, ;
1, 2, 3
, , ,

1
= 2 .
1, 2, 3
B

, , , 2

, 3
. = 2 .
,
1, 2, 3, 1, , 2, 3 ,
. = =
= 2 .
, = 2 = 2 , :
B .
2 B
=
=

2
,
, .
,

. :
1 // 2 // 3
=
=

.

.
=
=

206
(206-209)
3-11-06
11:35
207
1.3

.

, , //
// ,
, ,
, .
.
,
=
,
=
()
=
, // . :
, , :
//
=
.
=
// .
= 9, = 4 = 6.
// x, y.
// ,
:
x
9
=
=
10x = 36 x = 3,6.
4
10
y = 9 3,6 y = 5,4.
H
m
60
M = 50 m = 60 m
22 m
,
10 m - E
, .
10 m
= 22 m = 18 m, - Z
,
18 m
, .
// // :
207
(206-209)
3-11-06
11:35
208
M B - 1
60
=
22
50
50 = 1320 = 26,40 m.
E // //
60
=
=
50 = 1080 = 21,60 m.
18
50
= 60 (26,40 + 21,60) = 12 m.
E
1
A , , , ,
:
)
)
)
=
=
=
A // , (), (),
:
)
)
=
=
)
=
)
=

.
; .
1 // 2 // 3.
:
)
// // .
.

BK
.
K
208
2
1.
3
1
2.
3
1
3.
2
4. 3

B
3
3-11-06
11:35
209
1.3
. .
18
14
.
.
A
18
// . x.
18
21
o 1 // 2.
.
14
10
// , // .
x.
12
o // // . .
// // .
x, y.
10
18
18
12
34
cm
28
cm
cm
K ,
.
;
65
(206-209)
68
cm
209
(210-214)
3-11-06
1. 4
11:40
210
.
.
1. .
2. , , , , , ,
, , , .

.
3. , , , , , ,
, , , , .
. ;

,
, = 2 , O
= 2.
1
, =
,
2
1
= .
2

. ,
. .
= 2

, ,
. = 2

= 2 ,
=
= 2, // .
, = 2
210
A
= 2.
A
(210-214)
3-11-06
11:40
211
1.4 O
1
A = , :
2

1
1
=

= .
2
2
A
x
x y
(.. = 2),
x,
y , , , , .
xy, x y.

, x y = xy.

y
.

= 2, O

, , , ,
, , , .

, :
A

=
=
=
= 2 = , = , = , = .
A
= 2 .
1
= , :
2
A

1
=
=
=
=
2
A
= , = , = ,
= .
1
=

2
.

.

.
,
, > 1
, 0 < < 1
, = 1.
211
(210-214)
3-11-06
11:40
212
M B - 1
(, )
O
(.. = 2),

, .
(, ), = ,
(, ).
= 2, = 2 , = 2.
M , 1,5 cm
= 3, .
, , ,
= 3 ,
= 3 , = 3 , = 3 .
To
= 3,
:
B
1,5 cm
A

=
=
=
= 3.
A

, = 3 = 3 1,5 = 4,5 cm.
O = = = 4,5 cm
E , .
,
.
.
E
1
212
.

) = 5 ....... ) = 2 .......
1
3
) =
....... ) =
.......
3
5
(210-214)
3-11-06
11:40
213
1.4 O
(. 1)
3
(. 2)
:
E
(. 3)
3 cm.
1
) : i) =
ii) = 2.
2
) .
, = 12 cm
2

3
.
= 9 cm. =
N
= 3.
.
2c
m
45
(, )
= 3.
.
213
(210-214)
3-11-06
11:40
214
M B - 1
, , , , :
1
.
3
2.
2
.
3
3.
B
.
2 :
) ) ) .
.

(1, 1), (2, 2) (0, 2).
)
= 2. .
;
) (1, 1),
= 2 .
;
, , ,
1
1
1
= = . // = .
3
3
3

,
, .
A
A
B
214
(215-219)
7-11-06
16:47
1. 5
215
.
.
,
( )

( )
.
1. ( )
= 2.
2. .
3.

;

,
.
. :
.
,
, ;
( ) ( ),
.
( ) = 2,
,
. , 2 ,
, .
.
, :
A

=
=
=
= 2 (1) = , = , = , = (2)
A
A
, .
215
(215-219)
3-11-06
11:44
216
M B - 1

A
..
= 2 , .
A
,
, :
,
.
A (1) :
=
A

A + + +

=
=
=
=
=
.
A
+ + +

o .

,
. .
,
.
1 : 2000000 ,
1
=
, 1 cm 20 km
2000000
.
N .

.

, :
A
=
=
=
=
A

.

360
= 180
= 180 72 = 108.
5
216
3-11-06
11:44
217
1.5 O

, .

270 m.

.
;
4 cm
(215-219)
5 cm
T
, .
A

=
= (1).
A

.
2 4 + 2 5 = 18 cm,
, 270 m 27000 cm.
A
18
1
1
=
=
=
=
.
27000
1500
1500
A

:
A = 1500 = 1500 4 = 6000 cm A = 60 m.
= 1500 = 1500 5 = 7500 cm = 75 m.
, 60 m 75 m. 1
=
1 : 1500.
1500
E
1
(), (),
.
) .
) .
) , .
) .
) , .
) .
217
3-11-06
11:44
218
M B - 1
5
6
.
M
AEZH
A
, :
)
......................

)
......................
) 110, ....... 110.
m
15 c
12
cm
cm
A + + +
.......
+ + +
) ....... cm.
) =

; .
6 cm
)
)
3 cm
218
5 cm
60
4c
m
9c
m
2 cm
(215-219)
12 0
6 cm
6 cm
3-11-06
11:44
219
1.5 O
, x
:
)
)
6,3
cm
130
9 cm
6 cm
24 cm 18 cm.

20 cm, 4 cm.
; .
.
, ,
, .
1
= , // // .
4
:
.
)
.

, .

.

640 m,
. ;
M 1cm
1cm
(215-219)
219
3-11-06
11:46
220
M - 1
, ,
, ,

.

=
=
2c
m
3c
m
(220-224)
= , = ,
= .

; .
,
( = = ).
A ,

, ,
. // :
2
2
2

=
=
=
=

3
3
3

2
, . , , .
3
, .
, , ,
.
.
4 .
3 m
8 m, 12 m, .

,
= = 90
. , ,
,
=
(1).

220
8m
12 m
(220-224)
3-11-06
11:46
221
1.5 O
4 , = 5 3 = 15 m.
8
(1)
=
20 = 120,
15
8 + 12
= 6 m.
= 10 cm = 8 cm
.
. .
, = = 90
. , ,
.
.
= = 90 =
=
=
(1)
10
cm
8 cm
(1).
10
8
=
.
8
10 = 64, = 6,4 cm. = 10 cm = 6,4 cm

= 10 6,4 = 3,6 cm.
E
1
;
)
)
)
50
50
60
60
50
60
60
80
30
60
221
3-11-06
11:46
222
M B - 1
N
.
30
75
N .
)
)
)
A
N (), (),
.
) .
) , .
) .
) .
) 40, .
) ,
.
)
.
)
, ;

x :
)
)
)
x
cm
6c
m
cm
9 cm
222
8 cm
12 c
m
4 cm
(220-224)
8 cm
12 cm
(220-224)
14-11-06
16:04
223
1.5 O
( = 90) .
. = 4 cm = 9 cm,
.
= 8 cm = 12 cm
, = 2 cm = 3 cm. N
:
) //
) , .
,
= 12 m, = 28,8 m, E = 60 m
= = 90.
,
x.
3x
M 0,4 m
= 0,5 m.

, ,

,
= 16,8 m.
;
0,5 m
// ,
// // . ,
x.
16,4 m
0,4 m
12 cm
9 cm
x
15 cm
28 cm
223
(220-224)
3-11-06
11:46
224
M B - 1
1,36 m.

;

7 ..
(624 - 547 ..),
,
, ,
.

. , , :

,
o

.
, , ,
.
,
,
;
224
(225-230)
3-11-06
11:49
1. 6
225
M
.
1 : 50. 60 cm x 30 cm.
1. .
2.
.
3.
.
,
.
,
= 3.
, :
= 3 3 =
:

3 3
=
= 32
B
,
.
, ,
,
, = 3 = 3 ,
5
5
,

3 .
5
= 3 .
5
() () :
1

2
()
3 3
3 2
.
= 1
=

=

=
5
5 5
()

2
( )
225
(225-230)
7-11-06
16:49
226
M B - 1
, , ,
.

.
, ()
()
2 cm 4 cm .
2
1
() () =
=
,
4
2
1 2 1

=
= .
2
4
( )
4 cm
2 cm
,
2
= . 3
.
18 cm 2,
.
1 = ,
, .
, ,
2
=
= . () ()
3
()
2
=
3
()
( )
()
4
=
() = 8 cm2.
9
18
T () = 18 cm2 8 cm2 = 10 cm2.
, ,
.

;
o 2.
226
3-11-06
11:49
227
1.6
()
=
()
( )
( 12 )
1
.
4
E, () = 4(),
.
E
1
1, 2 ,
1, 2.
2 cm
2
1
4 cm
1
2
4 cm
E1 = ...E2
2 cm
E1 = ...E2
E1 = ...E2
N :
) ,
....................... .
) o ,
....................... .
) 6 cm
3 cm, .......................
.
1 2
2
.
5
1 16% 2.
;
// .
()

()
3c
m
2c
m
(225-230)
// B.
18 cm2,

.
3 cm
5 cm
227
21-11-06
17:22
228
M B - 1
= 1 cm = 5 cm,
.
.
, , , , ,
:
()
()
)
)
()
()
, //
// , 1, 2,
4
1
2
3 : 1 = , 2 = 3 = 1.
9
9
B
8 cm
4 cm

.
:
()
()
)
)
()
()
4 cm
(225-230)

. , ,
, , , :
) .
)
3

.
4
3 cm
40 cm2.
, :
) 120%
) 75%.
30%, %
.
10

20%,
. %
.
228
(225-230)
3-11-06
11:49
229
1.6

, = .
B
,
, = .
) .
: ) =
, .
.
= .
= , =
. .
// // .
) .
O
) 2 = .
6 cm
5 cm
A 3 cm
6 cm. N
.
8 cm
.
.
.
,
x, .
()
)
.
()
) () = 200 cm2, x. x
229
3-11-06
11:49
230
M B - 1
3c
m
//
9
() =
(). x.
16
10
// ,
// // . :
16
) =
) () =
()
49
5c
m
2c
m
(225-230)
E 1o K
. I

.
. :
( ).
( ).
( ).
. :
.
.
.
, ,
.

= .

, , , = .

. , ,
.
.

= .
.
.
.
.
,
.
.

.
, :
.
.
230
(231-236)
3-11-06
11:53
231
2o
T
2.1
0 180.
2.2
.
2.3 .
2.4
.
(231-236)
3-11-06
2.1
11:53
232
0 180

.

0 180.

.
xy
, x .
1.
2
1
2. .
3 4

, . ,
=
=
O .
y
xy
(4, 3) xx
B
M(4, 3)
3
yy, = 4 = = 3.
= xO
2
5
=
.
1
2
2
2
1 2 3 4
x
= = 4 + 3 ,
2
2
=
4 + 3 =
25 = 5.
232

3
=

5

4
=

5

3
=

4
(231-236)
3-11-06
11:53
233
2.1 0 180

.
,
xy,
,
x
2 .
(x, y), ,
=
=
x2 + y2
M(x, y)
O :
=

y
=

x
=

y
x
:
, x>0, y>0, >0, : >0, >0, >0.
, x<0, y>0, >0, : >0, <0, <0.
= 0 = 90 = 180.
,
0, 90 180.
y
M(0, 1)
M(1, 0)
M(1, 0)
= 0
A x
.. (1,0), =xM=0
==1. :
x
= 90
A y
.. (0,1), =xM=90
==1. :
x
= 180
A x
.. (1,0), =xM=180
==1. :
0 =
y
0
=
=0
90 =
y
1
=
=1
180 =
y
0
=
=0
0 =
x
1
=
=1
90 =
x
0
=
=0
180 =
x
1
=
= 1
0 =
y
0
=
=0
x
1
180 =
y
0
=
=0
x
1
90
( x=0)
233
(231-236)
7-11-06
16:51
234
M - 2
30, 45 60
.
30
45
60
2
3
3
2
3
3
x y ( 4, 3).
= x O.
= :
=
x 2 + y 2 =
( 4)2 + 32 =
25 = 5.
: =
x
y
3
4
4
= , =
=
=
5
5
5
o xy
z, x Oz = 135. z
1.

x O = 135.
y
3
3
=
=
= .
x
4
4
y
3
M( 4, 3)
z
M
135
B(1,0)
xx yy. xO = 135 xOy = 90
O = 45, .
= = = 1 y = 1.
(1, 1) =
x 2 + y 2 =
( 1)2 + 12 =
2.
135=
x
y
y

2

2
1
= 1 =
, 135= = 1 =
135= =
= 1.

2
2
x
1
2

2
E
1
234
(5, 12) = = 13. = xO

:
= .......
= .......
= .......
(231-236)
3-11-06
11:53
235
2.1 0 180
= xO ,
> <.
... 0
... 0
... 0

.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
90
180
0
90
0
180
0
180
1.
2.
3.
(), (),
.
) 1 1.
) , < 0.
) > 0, .
) .
= xO, :
) (3, 4)
) (5, 12)
) (0, 3)
y = 2x.
) N
1.
) = x O.

x 30. 10 .
10
30
O
235
(231-236)
3-11-06
11:53
236
M - 2

.
:
) .
)
120.
120
60
B( 2, 0)
x
y

.
)
(
3, 1).
)
150.
M
2
15 0
30
3
= .
4
1,
:
) .
) .

1.
1 2,

;
20
( ).
16
12
8

0
236
12
16
20
(237-239)
3-11-06
11:57
2. 2
237
:
.
.
xy (3, 4).
1. ,
yy;
2. N xO = xO = .
3. N
.
xy (3, 4)
(3,
4) yy.
A
xO,
y
xO = , = xO
(( 3, 4)
(3, 4)
= 180 ,
4
, + = 180.
3

2
= = =
9 + 16 =
25 = 5, :
1
4
3
4

= , = , =
5
5
3
x 3 2 1 0
1 2 3
x
=
4
3
4
, = , = .
5
5
3
, :
, = 180
.
180 :
(180 ) =
( 1 8 0 ) =
(180 ) =

, .
,
1
150 = (180 30) = 30 =
2
150 = (180 30) = 30 =
150 = (180 30) = 30 =

3
2
30
150

3
3
237
(237-239)
14-11-06
16:05
238
M - 2
150 30,
, . :
0 180,
.
, x = 35 0 x 180, x = 35 x = 180 35,
x = 35 x = 145.
N = 140 + 170 40 + 10.
140 40 , ,
140 = 40.
170 10 ,
, 170 = 10. :
= 140 + 170 40 + 10 = 40 10 40 + 10 = 0.
, , = 80 = 70
: ) ( + ) =
) ( + ) =
, ,
180, :
80 + 70 + = 180, = 30. :
) ( + ) = (80 + 70) = 150 = (180 30) = 30 = .
) ( + ) = (80 + 70) = 150 = (180 30) = 30 = .
E
1
(), (),
:
) 150 = 30
) 135 = 45
) 100 = 80
) 110 = 70
238
) 75 = 105
) 140 = 40
x 0 x 180, :
) x = 60,
x = ...............
) x = 20,
x = ...............
) x = 30,
x = ...............
3-11-06
11:57
239
2.2

.

.
140
140
140

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
40
40
40
40
40
40
:
) 120
) 135
) 150
:
) 108 + 77 72 + 103 = 0
) 122 58 135 = 0
:
) 245 + 2135 = 1
) 230 + 260 + 2120 + 2150 = 2
: (140 + x) = (40 x) (158 x) = (22 + x).
x, :

2
) x =
) x = 1 x
2
1
) x =
2
) x =

3
2
) 2x = 1 + x
) x =
3
.
;
= = 90. :
) + + = 0
) + = 0
8 cm
(237-239)
6 cm
6 cm
, = 2 cm.
.
6 cm
2 cm
239
(240-243)
3-11-06
11:59
2. 3
240

.

.
1 2 .
1. = xO.
2. ()2 + ()2
.
3. .

(x, y)
y
(x, y)
=
x 2 + y 2 2 = x 2 + y 2.
A 2, :
2
x2
y2
=
+
2
2
2
E =
( )
y
+
( )
=1
(1).
y
x
= , (1)
()2 + ()2 = 1 2 + 2 = 1.

2 + 2 = 1
y
x
A =
= ,
0, :
y
y
=
=
=
x
x
A 0
,

.
240
(240-243)
3-11-06
11:59
241
2.3
3
= , 5
.
A 2 + 2 = 1
3 2
2 = 1 2 2 = 1
5
( )
2 = 1
4
9
16
2 =
= .
5
25
25
< 0, =
4
.
5
3
5
, = .
=
=
4
= 2, .
= 2
= 2, = 2 (1).
2 + 2 = 1 2
(2)2 + 2 = 1 42 + 2 = 1 52 = 1 2 =
1
,
5

5
= 1 =
.
5

5
> 0, =
(1) = 2
N :
) (x x) 2 + 2xx = 1

5
.
5

5
2
5
=
.
5
5
) 1 + 2 =
1
2
)
(x x)2 + 2xx = 2x 2xx + 2x + 2xx = 2x + 2x = 1
)
1 + 2 = 1 +
2
2
2 + 2
=1+
=
=
2
2
1
2
241
(240-243)
3-11-06
11:59
242
M - 2
E
1
(), (),
.
3
2
) 2 = , 2 =
.
5
5
) = 0, .
) 2 = 2 1.
5
12
5
) =
=
, =
13
13
12
O , = 0 = 0.
; .
:
) = 1, = .............
) = 0, = .............
. =
)
2
5
4
5
2
5
2
5
3
, :
5
)
4
5
4
5
5
, 13
1
,
3
3
, 4
=
=
242
1
2
1
+
.
3
3
10
4
, :
5
(240-243)
3-11-06
11:59
243
2.3
:
) 3 + 2 =
) 2 4 = 22
x = 3 y = 3, :
) x + y = 3
) x2 + y2 = 9
N :
) 2 2 = 22 1
) 22 + 22 + 2 = 1
N :
) ( + )2 + ( )2 = 2
) ( + )2 + ( )2 = 2 + 2
N :
) 2x 2x + 2x = 1
10
N :
2x
)
= 1 x
1 + x
x + x
= x
1 + x
) x +
x
1
=
1 + x
x
11
N :
) 50130 50130
) 214 + 2114 + 2166 + 266
12
N :
) 7070 110110 = 0
) 240240 + 2140 = 1
13
= 30 = 60, :

3
2x + 2x =
4

14
, ,

+1
+2
.
+2
243
3-11-06
12:02
2. 4
244

,
. 100 m
.
= 45 B = 30.
10
0
(244-255)
45
30
1. ,

; ,
.
45
30
2. ,
;

,
.
;

. :
=
= (1)
= (2)
(1), (2)

=
.
=
.
, :
= =
244
3-11-06
12:02
245
2.4
.
, ,
,
( ).
,

8
=
=
8 = 670
70
670
6 0,94
=
= 0,705.
8
8
= 45.
=
70
(244-255)
=8
,
,
,
.
,

: 2 = 2 + 2 (1).
= , (1) :
2 = 2 + ( )2 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 2 (2).
2 + 2 = 2 =
= .
2
2
2
(2) : = + 2
.

2 = 2 + 2 2
2 = 2 + 2 2
245
3-11-06
12:02
246
M - 2
,
,
.
cm
, = 9 cm,
A
= 7 cm = 6 cm,
=
.
7
cm
.. :
2 = 2 + 2 2
B
= 9 cm
72 = 62 + 92 2 6 9
49 = 36 + 81 108 108 = 68
68
=
= 0,629. = 51.
108
(244-255)
= 120, = 45 = 30 cm. N
+ + = 180
120
120+ 45+ = 180
= 180 165 = 15.

45
B
= 30 cm

30
=
120 = 30 45 (1).
120
45

3

2
120 = (180 60) = 60=
45=
(1)
2
2
:
30
2
30
6

3

2

= 30
=
=
= 10
6 cm.
2
2
3

3
12 + 59 + 75 = 180,
= 46.
y
10
x
=
=
.
59
46
75
246
1, 2 10 .
,
. x, y
.
y
x
75
59
10
7-11-06
16:54
247
2.4
10
x
10 75
10 0,966
=
x=
x=
=13,44 .
46 75
46
0,719
y
10
10 59
10 0,857
=
y=
y=
=11,92 .
46 59
46
0,719
1 13,44 2 11,92 .
= 60, = 4 cm = 2 cm. N

, .
:
= + 2 = 4 + 2 2 4 2 60
1
2 = 12.
2 = 16 + 4 16
2
2
12
=
60
m
4c
=
=
2c
m
(244-255)
= 2
3 cm.
:
2 = 2 + 2 2 42 = 22 + (2
3)2 2 2
3 2
3 8
3 = 0 = 0, = 90.
16 = 4 + 12 8
+ + = 180 = 60, = 90, = 30.
F 1 = 4 N F 2 = 3 N
= 60. F.
H F F1, F2,
,
.

= F1, :
F2 = F12 + F22 2F1F2 (1).
60
, = 60
(1) :
F1
F2
60
F2 = F12 + F22 + 2F1F260 F2 = 42 + 32 + 2 4 3
F1
1
F2 = 37,
2
37 N F = 6,08 N.
F =
247
(244-255)
7-11-06
16:56
248
M - 2
E
1

= =
) = =
30
) = =
80
30
20
70
(), (),
:
) = .
) = 60, = 100,
=
.
100
20
) 2 = 2 + 2 2.
) = 70, = 80,
2 = 2 + 2 280.
) = 60, 2 = 2 + 2 .

:
x2 = ..................
y2 = ..................
2 = ..................

) x ..................
..................
75
y
60
x
60
10
x
12
50
) x ..................
..................
) x ..................
..................
4
x
5
) x ..................
..................
248
60
x
70
10
(244-255)
3-11-06
12:03
249
2.4
x :
)
)
)
45
x
45
75
15
x
45
120
30
x :
)
)
)
3
30
5
3
3
x
x
6
12 0
60
, :
) = 2, =
2 = 30 ) =
2 , =
3 = 60.
3,
= 30, = 10, = 10
.
N x

. ( ).
130
30
200 m
:
,
= 12, = 6, = 60 .
;
:
, .
;
F1
F1, F2 F = 10 N
F1 28 F2
35. F1, F2.
( ).
28
35
F2
249
(244-255)
7-11-06
18:01
250
M - 2
E Z = 46. 30 m,
E = 26. ,
1,4 m.
(
).
26
1,40 m
30 m
46
x :
)
)
)
)
30
3
2
7
3
45
7
2
3
12
x
5
13
x
10
, , = 120
= 3
3.
11
R = 10 cm,
120. .
cm
10
120
12
13
250
=4, =3
= 120.
B

100 m
154 m.
M = 73, 100 m 73
154 m

. ;
; ( ).
14-11-06
16:07
251
2.4
14

.
= 0,70 m, = 1,30 m
= 1,80 m.
, , ,
.
,
; (
).
m
1,30
A
0,70 m
(244-255)
80
1,
Fire
STOP
Y .
, ,
, ...
2
1
:
) (1 x + x)2 = 2(1 x)(1 + x)
x
1 + x
2
+
=
1 + x
x
x
xy (4, 0)
5 13.
O, .
= 30 cm, = 45 = 75.
,

.
2
, :
)
=
1
251
(244-255)
14-11-06
16:08
252
M - 2
)
1
= .
2
12
m
20
)

.
28 m
) 2 = 2 + 2,
.
) ( + ) + ( ) = 2,
.
:
) ( ) + ( ) + ( ) = 0
) 2 2 = ( )
) = +
2 + 2 + 2
+
+
=
,
3
, = .
4

,
. 30 m

,
. (
).
252
54
58
49 52
30 m B
(244-255)
14-11-06
16:10
253
2.4
E 2o K
T
xy, = xOz,
(x, y) z,
, :
z
(x, y)
y
x
y
= =
x2 + y 2 = , = , = .
12 + 22 =
5,
.. (1, 2), =
2
5
= 2 =
,
5

5
5
2
1 =
, =
= 2.
5
1

5

0 180
:
90
+
+
+
180
+

. ,
(180 ) =
(180 ) =
(180 ) =
..
160 = 20
160 = 20
160 = 20
:
2 + 2 = 1
( ).
( 0)
.. 235 + 235 = 1,
35 =
35
35

:
:
=
=
2 = 2 + 2 2
2 = 2 + 2 2
2 = 2 + 2 2
253
(244-255)
3-11-06
12:03
254
1 - 89
( )
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
254
0,0175
0,0349
0,0523
0,0698
0,0872
0,1045
0,1219
0,1392
0,1564
0,1736
0,1908
0,2079
0,2250
0,2419
0,2588
0,2756
0,2924
0,3090
0,3256
0,3420
0,3584
0,3746
0,3907
0,4067
0,4226
0,4384
0,4540
0,4695
0,4848
0,5000
0,5150
0,5299
0,5446
0,5592
0,5736
0,5878
0,6018
0,6157
0,6293
0,6428
0,6561
0,6691
0,6820
0,6947
0,7071
0,9998
0,9994
0,9986
0,9976
0,9962
0,9945
0,9925
0,9903
0,9877
0,9848
0,9816
0,9781
0,9744
0,9703
0,9659
0,9613
0,9563
0,9511
0,9455
0,9397
0,9336
0,9272
0,9205
0,9135
0,9063
0,8988
0,8910
0,8829
0,8746
0,8660
0,8572
0,8480
0,8387
0,8290
0,8192
0,8090
0,7986
0,7880
0,7771
0,7660
0,7547
0,7431
0,7314
0,7193
0,7071
0,0175
0,0349
0,0524
0,0699
0,0875
0,1051
0,1228
0,1405
0,1584
0,1763
0,1944
0,2126
0,2309
0,2493
0,2679
0,2867
0,3057
0,3249
0,3443
0,3640
0,3839
0,4040
0,4245
0,4452
0,4663
0,4877
0,5095
0,5317
0,5543
0,5774
0,6009
0,6249
0,6494
0,6745
0,7002
0,7265
0,7536
0,7813
0,8098
0,8391
0,8693
0,9004
0,9325
0,9657
1,0000
( )
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
0,7193
0,7314
0,7431
0,7547
0,7660
0,7771
0,7880
0,7986
0,8090
0,8192
0,8290
0,8387
0,8480
0,8572
0,8660
0,8746
0,8829
0,8910
0,8988
0,9063
0,9135
0,9205
0,9272
0,9336
0,9397
0,9455
0,9511
0,9563
0,9613
0,9659
0,9703
0,9744
0,9781
0,9816
0,9848
0,9877
0,9903
0,9925
0,9945
0,9962
0,9976
0,9986
0,9994
0,9998
0,6947
0,6820
0,6691
0,6561
0,6428
0,6293
0,6157
0,6018
0,5878
0,5736
0,5592
0,5446
0,5299
0,5150
0,5000
0,4848
0,4695
0,4540
0,4384
0,4226
0,4067
0,3907
0,3746
0,3584
0,3420
0,3256
0,3090
0,2924
0,2756
0,2588
0,2419
0,2250
0,2079
,01908
0,1736
0,1564
0,1392
0,1219
0,1045
0,0872
0,2698
0,0523
0,0349
0,0175
1,0355
1,0724
1,1106
1,1504
1,1918
1,2349
1,2799
1,3270
1,3764
1,4281
1,4826
1,5399
1,6003
1,6643
1,7321
1,8040
1,8807
1,9626
2,0503
2,1445
2,2460
2,3559
2,4751
2,6051
2,7475
2,9042
3,0777
3,2709
3,4874
3,7321
4,0108
4,3315
4,7046
5,1446
5,6713
6,3138
7,1154
8,1443
9,5144
11,4301
14,3007
19,0811
28,6363
57,2900
(244-255)
23-11-06
22:04
255
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 86, 94
. . . . . . . . . . . . 169
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
. . . . . 25
. . . . . . . . . . . . 201
. . . . . . . . . . . . 25
. . . . . . . . . . . . 34
. . . . 201
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
. . . . . . . . . . . . 38
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
. . . . 42, 43, 44
. .145, 151
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
. . . 12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
. . . . . . . 25
. . . . . . . . .170
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
. . 240
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
. . . . . 128
. . . 144
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
. . . . . 187
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Venn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91, 94, 95
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
. . . . . . . . . 17
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186, 187
,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
. . . . . . .145, 151
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
. .175
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208
. . .174
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .145, 151

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190
. . . . .188, 189
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .186
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199, 200

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225, 226
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
. . . . . . . . . . . 122
. . . . . . . . 128
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211
. . . . . . . 145, 151
. . . . 134
. . . . . . . . . . . . 133
. . . . 91
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
. . . . . . . . . . . . 244, 245
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144, 145
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
. . .56, 57, 96
. . . . . . . . . . . . 154, 155
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
. . . . . . . . . . . .169, 170
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162, 163
. . 233
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
. . . . . . . . 170
. . . . . . . . . . . 163
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144, 145
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
. . . . . . . . . . . 26
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 86
. . 63
Euler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
Lagrange . . . . . . . . . . . 47
. 20
. . . . . . . . . . 150
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
234
232, 233

. . . . . . . 237
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
. .187
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .192

. . . . 191, 192
255
(256-264)
3-11-06
12:07
256

.
1 ) 3x2y, ) x2, ) 3 x3, ) 0,4, ) 4 xy24, ) 0
1.1
1 ) 18, ) 10, ) 7, ) 20
2 2004
4 ) 1 , ) 1, ) 7 , ) 3
5 )
3 65 km, 25 km
2 ) 15x3,
2
5
9 5
4
3 4
3 5
) x , ) 6x y , ) 6x y , ) 26,
2
3
1
) x45, ) x3y44
3
3 ) 42, ) 4x , ) 5 3,
1
5
25
) 7x2, ) 4x3, ) 5
4 , ) 22 , ) 5
7
18
4 ) 2 x5y5,
) x3y5,
6 1 7 ) +, ) +, ) , + ) , + 8 ), ) , ) ) 4x8y116 5 ) 3x2, ) 2xy, ) x2 + xy, ) 4 + x2,

2
.
2
x
6
.
9 =4 ( x + y) + ( + )=2, =1 + (x + y) ( + )=3 ) 2xy + 2 (), (), ()
10 + = 28, + = 16,
1.3
= 24 + ( + ) + 2( + ) = 36
11 0.
1 ) x4 + 2x3 5x2 + 3x + 10,

) 2x3 6x + 1,
) x4 + x 5
) 2x3 3x2 + 7x + 7,
2 ) 9, ) y3 3xy2 + 2x3. x y 3
4
1 ) 23, ) 36, ) 103, ) 58, ) 32, ) 36, ) 2 , ) 32
3 ) (3)= 3 (2) = 3, ) (1)= 5 (3) = 15
3
4 ) .= 2x + 200, . = x2 + 200x,
2 ) 4, ) 1 , ) 1, ) 27, ) 10.000, ) 16, ) 9 , ) 1
9
4
10
) .= 388,4 m, . = 8826 m2
5 ) x3 + 7x2 2x + 1, ) 2x 2y + xy y 3,
3 ) 5x10, ) x5y7, ) 8x4, ) 8x , ) 108x12, ) 2x
27
3
1
11
4
) 2 7 22, ) 32 + + 3, ) x2
x+ ,
2
12
3
4 = 0, = 1, = 100.000, = 125 5 .
) 4x3 + 2x2 + 4 6 ) 5x3 x2 4x 2,
) 2x3 + 3x2 2x + 4, ) x3 + 5x2 9x + 14
.
7 ) 7x2, +3, 4x ) +5x, 2x3, 1 8 1 : 6x2 2x

11
1 ) 2
5, ) 3
7 4
3, )
, ) 9 2 ), ), ), ) +1 2 : 5x2 + x 2, x2 + 5x 6 3 :
28
3x2 x, 8x2 1 9 = 3, = 7, = 4 10 t2+20t, 125 m.
3 ) 4 ) 10 ) 6 4 1 :
B.
( )
12
2 , 10. 2 : 12
2 , 16, 3 : 12
2 , 18, 1 . 4
2
6 )
2, )
3
5, ) 2
,
5 ) 10, ) 6
2
1 ) 15x 3y 6x 2y 2, ) 8x 3 4x 2, ) x 2 + 9x,
2
6

5
3
3
2 ) 82 + 16 62, ) x3,
7 ) x =
)
2
5, ) x = 2, ) 2x y + 2xy
, )
, ) 2 +
3
2
4
3
2
) 6x 39x + 45x , ) x + 20, ) 6x4 + 11x3 + 9x2 4x,

3+1
8
9
) x = 8, ) x = 0
) 3x3 + 14x2y 3xy2 20y3 3 ) 12x4 29x3 + 23x2 6x,
2
) 2x4 + 4x3 5x2 + 11x 6, ) 22x3 + 41x2y 8xy2 3y3
=
50 +
8 = 7
2 10 = 3
5 =
5, 4
) ) N
5, ) 4+2
20, 2(2+
20). 5
o = 3 11 ) =2
) 8x3 + 30x2 37x + 15, ) 2x3 11x2 + 18x 9,
) 8x3 + 24x2 30x + 10 6 = 6, = 18, = 12, = 0
1.2
7 y. 8 1 = x(x+5) 2 = (x+2)(x1)
1 ) 4, ) 4
2 5 23
3 ) = 0, ) = 3, ) = 4
1.5
1 ) x2 + 4x + 4, ) y2 + 10y + 25, ) 42 + 4 + 1,
) 2 + 4 + 42, ) 9y2 + 12y + 42, ) x4 + 2x2 + 1,

) y4 + 2y3 + y2, ) 4x4 + 12x3 + 9x2, ) x2 + 2
2x + 2,
4
1
16
= 2, ) = 4, = 3, = 2 5 E = 42, V= 3, =1256, ) x + 2
2
2
)
x
y
+
y,
+
,
+
8
+ 2
3
4
V= 12560 6 x + 9, (x ) 7 x2+ 25, 169 2 ) x2 6x + 9, ) y2 10y + 25, ) 92 6 + 1,

3
4 ) = 3, = 2, ) = 4, =3,
256
(256-264)
3-11-06
12:07
257

) 42 4 + 2, ) 9y2 12y + 42, ) x4 4x2 + 4, ) (2x 3)(x2 + 2), ) (x 2)(4x ), ) ( 2)(9 5),
) y4 2y3 + y2, ) 4x4 20x3 + 25x2, ) x2 2
3x + 3, ) (3x 2y)(4x 5), ) (x +
2 )(x2 + 1), ) (
3 x + 2)(
2 x 1)
9
4
2
2
5
) x 2
) ( + )(7 + 3), ) (x y)(5x 3y), ) (x y)(3x + 2y)
xy + y, ) 3 + , ) 4 + 2
4
6 ) ( + )( 1), ) = =1
3 ) 4 + 2
3, ) 11 +2
30, ) 11 6
2, ) 8 2
7 4
7 ) ( 1)(2 + + x), ) ( 2)(2 + 5 + 2)
2
2
2
2
) (x + 3) = x + 6x + 9, ) (y 4) = y 8y + 16,
8 ) (x 3)(x + 3), ) (4x 1)(4x + 1), ) ( 3)( + 3),
) (4x )2 = 16x2 8x + 2, ) (x2 2)2 = x4 4x2 + 42
5 ) x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1, ) y3 + 12y2 + 48y + 64, ) ( 2)( + 2), ) 5( 1)(7 + 5), ) (x + 8)(5x 4),
1
1
) 83 + 122 + 6 + 1, ) 273 + 542 + 362 + 83, )
4
+4 , ) (x
3)(x +
3), ) (x
2 y)(x +
2 y)
x
x
6
4
2
6
5
4
3
) x + 9x + 27x + 27, ) y + 3y + 3y + y , 9
) 2(x 4)(x + 4), ) 7(2 y)(2 + y), ) 2x(x 1)(x + 1),
) x3 6x2 + 12x 8, ) y3 15y2 + 75y 125, ) 5(x 4)(x + 4), ) 2(x 3)(x + 1)
) 273 272 + 9 1, ) 8x3 36x2y + 54xy2 27y3, 10 N : 2 2 = ( )( + )
) y6 6y4 + 12y2 8, ) 6 65 + 124 83 ) 45, ) 0,35, ) 24 11 ) x = 7 x = 7, ) x = 0
6 ) x2 1, ) y2 4, ) 9 2, ) 16 x2, ) y2 x2, )
2
2
x=
x = , ) x = 0 x = 1 x = 3, ) x = 2
3
3
x2 y2, ) 4x2 49y2, ) x2 2, ) x y 7 P(x) = 20 =
8 ) (3 ), ) x = 3 x = 1 12 ) (x 3)(x2 + 3x + 9),
= 10 = 1 ) (y + 2)(y2 2y + 4),
) ( + 4)(2 4 + 16),
2
) (2x 1)(4x + 2x + 1), ) (3y + 1)(9y2 3y + 1)
3(
7+
3)
5(3
2)
5+1
9 )
)
)
, ) 2(2
3
6)
2
13 ) 3(x 2)(x2 + 2x + 4), ) 2(2 + 1)(42 2 + 1),
7
4
3
3
3
3
10 ) x 27, ) y + 8, ) 8 + 1, ) 1
4
) (R )(R2 + R + 2 ), ) ( + )(2 + 2 )
3
11 ) 5x2 + 12x + 41, ) 2x2 + 10, ) 4x2 2xy + 6y2,
14 ) x3 27 = (x 3)(x2 + 3x + 9),
) 64, ) 163 + 12, ) 62 + 12, ) 65 + 23, ) 8x3 + y3 = (2x + y)(4x2 2xy + y2),
)(
3
3
2
2
) 482 + 13 1 12 ), ), ) ) 8 = ( 2)( + 2 + 4 ),
3
3
2
) + 125 = ( + 5)( 5 + 252) 15 ) (x 1)2, )
, ), ), )
(y + 2)2, ) ( 3)2, ) ( + 5)2, ) (1 2)2, ) (3x2 + 1)2,
13 ) 4, ) 12
1
4
) ) (2y 3)2, ) (4x + y)2, ) (5 )2, ) ( + 1)2,
5, ) 28, ) 144
2
y
1 2
)
3 , ) x +
, )
3
2
= 2005, x = 20
15
16 ) 3(x + 4)2, ) (y 2)2, ) 2( 2)2, ) (2 + 3)2

17 ) x2 + 2xy + y2, ) x + y 18 x+1 19 ) (x+1)(x+ 2),
16
) (y 1)(y 3), ) ( + 2)( + 3), ) ( + 1)( + 5),
(+)2()2
17 )
=
4
) (x 4)(x 3), ) (y + 3)(y 4), ) ( 3)( 6),
3 ), ) (x + 2)(x + 3),
, ) ) ( + 5)( 2) 20 ) (x + 2)(x +
2
1
) (x + 3)(x
) 2( + 1)( + 4), ) 3( 5)( + 1),
2)
( = 24 cm 2 ) 18 ,
2
2
) (x 1)(x 6)
) N 1453,
( )( + ) = 2 2
) 801,) ,
1.6
1 ) 3( + 2), ) 2(x 4), ) 2(4 + 3), ) 3x(3x + 2),
) 999 = 1000 1, 1001 = 1000 + 1,

) 9992 + 2 999 + 1 = (999 + 1)2,
) 972 + 6 97 + 9 = (97 + 3)2
23 ) (x2)(x + 2)(y 1)(y + 1), ) (x + 1)(x 1)(x2 + x + 1),
) 4(2 + ),
) 2x(x y + 1), ) ( + 1), ) (x 1)2(x + 1)(x2 + x + 1), ) (x 3)2(x + 3)2,

) 22( 2 + 3), )
2 y(x 3 + 2y) 2 ) ( )(x + y), ) ( )( 1), ) (x y )(x y + ), ) (1 + )
) (x + y)( + ), ) (x 2)(2x 5), ) ( 2)(2 + 3), (1 + ), ) (y 5 + x)(y 5 x),

) (x 1)(4x 1), ) 2x(x 3)(2x + 9) 3 i) ) x(x+1), ) (x 1)(x 2)(3x + 14), ) (y + 2)2(y 3)(y 1),
) y(2y5), ) (3)(+2), ) 3(1) ii) ) x = 0 x = 1, ) ( + )( )( + + )( + ), ) (2x 3)2
5
, ) = 3 = 2, ) = 0 = 1 24 x 2 y
2
4 ) (x + y)(x + ), ) (x 1)(x2 + 1), ) (x 5)(x2 + 4), 1.
) y = 0 y =
257
(256-264)
23-11-06
22:00
258
1.7
1
(x+2)2
1
1
x2
,) 2 , ) 1 5 )
, )
, )
2
(+1)
x
2(x1)
2(x+3)2
1 ) (x) = 2x2 3x + 3, (x) = 0, ) (x) = 2x2 x 3,
(x) = 8, ) (x) = 6x3 + 6x2 + 5x + 7, (x) = 0, B. -

) (x) = 2x2 + x + 3, (x) = 5, ) (x) = x3 2x + 1, (x)
12
1 ) x+y , ) x2 , ) 1y
, ) 2 2
,
= 5x, ) (x) = 3x2 + x 1, (x) = 0, ) (x)= 4x2 + 3,
xy
x(x+1)
y2
( +1)
1
1
3
) (x) = x
(x) = 0,
x,
(x) = x 4
3
3
2 ) 1, ) 3 , ) 1 , ) 1 , ) 6 , ) 2
y
2
2(x6)
x
+3
2 ) (x) = 6x2 + 22x + 12, (x) = 3x + 2, (x) = 2x + 6,
2
3
2
2
) (x) = 2x + 10x + 2x + 20, (x) = x + 3, (x) = 2x
3 ) x 1, ) y1 , ) , ) 1
4 ) x+2 ,
y+1
+
x
1
+ 4x 10, (x) = 50 3 2x3 + x2 + 2x + 5 4 ), )
(x):: Q(x)
5 ) (x) = x2 2x + 1, (x) = 0, ) (x 3)(x + 3)(x 1)2
6 ) N , ) (x + 1)4 7
8 ) (x) = x2 5,
(3 + 3) : ( + )
2
3
(x) = 4x 6x + 7, ) (x) = x + 6, (x) = 6x + 27 9
(x) = 6x2 + 6x + 6, (x) = + 6 = 6 10 2x + 3
11
45x2 + 56xy + 16y2, = 9x + 4y.
1.8
2 3
1
6 ) o , ) +
() x = 56, y = 44
7 )
() x = 100
1
1 217
2 2+1 ,
1 ) .. = 72x3y34, ... = 6x2y2, ) ... =

2
3
y+3
2
2
, )
, ) x+y 5 )
, )
, )
,
x2y
y3
2x+1
x+1
24
E.K..
2 3
3 = 4, = 3
4 )
(99)=(1100)=(100) 5 )
30x y , ... = 5, ) ... = 24x y (x + y) (x y), ,

) (),
)
.. = x(x + y) 2 ) ..=12(x+y)(xy)3, M.K..=2(xy), (), 6 )
) .. = ( 1)( 2)( + 2 ), ... = 2,
2 + 2 = ( + )2 2, )
) ... = 2( + 1)( 1)2, ... = ( 1).
() 7 ) (xy)(x+y)(x2+2)=0, )
1.9
(xy)2(x+y)=0
3
1 ) x 4, ) y 5 , ) 1, ) x 0 x 3 ) = (x+3)(x1)
2
8
9
(x+1)(x+3),
(x+3)(x1)
) N ()
10 ) R = 4x2 + 1, ) R = 4x2 + 1 11 ) 2 + = (+1)

1
, ) 1
4
3
4x
2
2
, ), )
3 ) 3 , ) 3 , ) x , ) 5(+2) , ) x+4 , ) y1 ,
y
2
x
y+1 () 12 ) x61=(x1)(x5+x4+x3+x2+x+1), x = 7
x+2
2
2 ) 2 , ) y , ) , ) , ) 1, ) 1, )
3x
1
y1
1
) x5+1=(x+1)(x4x3+x2x+1). 215+1=
4 ) x+1 ,
)
, )
, )
,
2x
x+2
y2
+1
=(23)5+1=85+1 x = 8.
x+4
y3
3
4
5 )
6 13 )
, )
, ) 2
, )
.
x+3
2y3
+1
5t + 2t2
=
2t
2t
1.10
2.1. H x + = 0
. -
1 )
1
3
4x
, )
, )
,
xy
4y
3
2
2 ) 4x , ) 1 , ) 13 , ) 2x
3
,
2
3 ) 8 , ) 1,
) x = 2, ) , ) , ) x =
2 ) x = 1, ) , ) , ) x = 2
6 4 60 C
23
2
3 O
3y
3
x
3
x, 0x = 0 (T)
y+3 4
x
1
x+1
1
)
) 3, ) 1, ) , 6 2 .
, ) , )
, )
2y3
(x+)
x2
258
(256-264)
21-11-06
17:24
259
2.2.
.
3 2 dm
5 5 7 7 5
22 23 7 16 8 x = 2
35 2 10 18 cm, 24cm 11 3 m 12 4 m
) 6, ) 3
6
9
4 50 m
13 6 sec, 180 m.
1
) x = 4 x = 1, ) y = 0 y = 5, ) = 3
1
1
= , ) x = 0 x = 7, ) y = 0 y = 6, ) =
2
2
( ),
) x = 0 x = 7, ) y = 0 y = 9,
2.4. K
1
) x = 5, ) y = 9, ) , ) = 2, ) x
x3, ) 2 ) x = 1
1
x = 3, ) y = 5 y = , ) = 1 = 3, ) = 3
2
) z = 0 z = 3 3 ) x = 0 x = 1, ) x = 0
= 2, ) , ) y = 4 3 ) x = 10, ) y
1
x = 4, ) , ) x = 0 x = 18, ) x = 1 x = ,
5 y2 y-1, ) , ) =1
1
4
4 ) y = 2, ) , ) x=0 x=3, ) = 1
4 ) x =
) x = 0 x = 2
3
x = ,
4
3
3
m
) y = 7 y = 5, ) = 4 = 4 5 ) x = 2 ( 5 ) x = 4 x = 4, ) x = 6 6 ) V =
, ) R=
,
p
4
), ) y = 3 y = 4, ) = 5 = 3, ) t = 2
R 1R 2
PVT
p
) S = l , ) 1 = 1 1 2 , ) R =
, ) =
,
R
+R
2
P
V
R
1
2
2 2
3
1
8
t = , ) = 1 = , ) z = 1 z =
2
3
5
2 2
S 7
1
) 4 , ) 5, ) 6 8
) 2 = 2 2 , ) =
.
4
S
1
+
6 ) x = ( ), ) y = 2 y = 2 ( ),
5
84
84
240
240
8
+9=
,x=7 9
=
+ 4, x = 10
x
x3
x
x+2
) 2006 2007 , = 1
) = 6 = 6, ) , ) = 4 = 4,
= 2007. 7 ) x = x = , ) x =
3 x = 1.
10 12 +
B.
1 1 : x2 x + 2 = 0, = 1, = 1, = 2. 2 :
3x2 2x = 0, = 3, = 2, = 0. 3 : x2 + 1 = 0,
= 1, = 0, = 1
x = 10
15
120
3,
= 25, x = 1,2 gr/cm3 11 120 =
x0,2
x2
x
12 210 210 = 1 , 60 km .
x+10
2.5. A
2 ) x = 1 x = 2, ) y = 1
1 3( ) 2( + ) > 0
1
3
1
1
y = , ) = 2 = , ) z = 1 z = , ) t =
2 ) 5,
4
2
2
5
3
( ), ) x = ( ), ) x = 3 ( ), 30, )
2
3
) x = 1 x = 5, ) 3 ) x = 0 x = 7,
18, )
4 ) x = 1 x = 1 , ) y = 1 4
) x = 4 x = 4
3
3 ) 0 < 2 < 4, ) 1 < 2 5 < 7,
y = 5, ) = 4 ( ), ) 5 ) x = 2 2

3
8
5
6
, ) y = ( ), ) t =1 t = , ) =
3
5
2
5
5
= 2
3 6 ) (x 2)(x + 6), ) 3 y
(y 1),
3
3
2 2
) 2( 1)
, ) (x 8)2, ) 9 y +
, ) ( 5)2
2
3
x=
) 5 > 1 3 > 17
), )
, ) 2 < + , )
+ < 2 5 6
7
> >
) = (2 1)2 0, ) = ( )2 0 > 1
, ) x
8 2 = 2 + 2.
> 2 x2 9 N >
7
2.3.
1 ) x = 10 m, ) x = 7 m, ) x = 4 m, ) x = 6 m 2 ) 4,
> 0 10 ) x 3>0 y 2<0,

) xy + 6 2x 3y = (x3)(y2)
11 ) (x 1)2 0. H
259
(256-264)
3-11-06
12:07
260

x = 1, ) (x y)2 0. : 1, 2 : 2, 3 : 3, ) 24
x = y, ) x2 + (y 1)2 0. , ) 2, ) 90 a, ) 1 :
x = 0 y = 1. 12 ) H (x1)2 0, 6 , 2 :
) (x + 1)2 0 13 126 14 M 6 24 , 3 :
126 a 145 a 15 16,51 < < 19,10 16 ) x > 1, 24 .
) x < 5, ) , ) x < 4, )
17 ) 4 < x < 9, ) x > 2, ) x < 2
x, ) x > 0
3.3
18 x = 3.
1 ) x = 9, y = 4, ) x = 2 , y = 4 , ) x = 3, y = 2,
1 ) x = , ) x = 2 x = 3, y = 5 3 15 16
4
1
) x = 1, y = 1 2 ) x = 11, y = 26, ) x = , y = ,
3
3
4 ) x = 2 , ) x = 13
) x = y = 0, )
5 x=2
(x) : (x 3) 3, 1, 5 7 2 3
8
19m 21m
y = 2, ) x = 5, y = 4
y = 3
3
4
) x = y = 4, ) x = 3,
) x = 0, y = 2, ) x = 3,
5 ) = 1, = 1, ) = 2, = 5, ) x = 2,

y = 1 6 ) x = 1, y = 2, )
, , , x = 9 10
2 , = 2,
, > 0, < 0, = 0 11 )
= 6, )
, )
15 8
,
3 , ==3 7
7 7
1
2
()
( + 1)( +
2) > 0 13 )
1 2 (4, 2),
+ > , ) 2 3 (3, 5) 3 1
9 45 55 10 =5, =1 11 =1, =1
< + + > , ) (8, 10)
12 = 5, = 7 13
() 14
2 300 5
>1
>1 15 =5(4)> 0
16 35 cm 23 cm
16 (1)2+(2)2 + (3)2=0, =1,
19 0 = 20
=2 =3 17 =(5) +2(2) 0,
2
= 20 cm, = 30 cm 14 500
15 19 13
18 250 150
17 = 16, = 24
m/sec = 4 m/sec2 5 sec
20 845 100
21 10 2.
18
0 =10 =2
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
(x 2020)
2001
2003
2005
2007
x = 2020.
= 0,
1 1 = 1 2 = 5
=2 3 =2 = 10 4 ) x = y = 1, ) x = y = 2
5
) (x = 1, y = 2) (x = 4, y = 4), ) x = 2
7
6 83 17 7 = 2 = 1
y = 1, ) x = y =
2
3
3.1
1
2 ) = 4 3 ) (3, 0), (0, 4),

) = 6 4 ) (2, 2), ) 3 5 )
30 6 ) = 2, ) = 1 7 ) x + 2y = 4,
1 // 2 // 3
) 15
3.2
8 11 cm 7 cm
10 : 50
: 300 11 64 12 75 13 32 m 28 m
14
30 15
16 25 m/sec 120 m
15
75 km/h 60 km/h
17 R1 = 4, R2 = 6.
8 2x + 3y = 25, (2, 7), (5, 5), (8, 3) (11, 1).
H o

4
4.1
9 9 4
y = x 2 0
) (3, 2), ) (1, 3), ) (0, 0), ) (1, 1), ) ,
2 ) , ) , )
m/sec, 10 m/sec, ) t = 10 sec, = 20 m/sec
260
3 ) 0
4 ) 1
1 2 2
(256-264)
3-11-06
12:07
261

3 y = 1 x2, y = 1 x2
4 A 3 , 9 , B 3 , 9
(2
) (
) , )
) E
, )
= 0 6 = 2 7 ) , )
1
= 2, = 2, = 22, ) 1 , ) , )
2
, )
(), ) 4 ().

4.2
y = x 2 + x +
0
, )
.
1 ), ) 3 2 )
1, ) 5, ) 7 3 x=1, x= 3
5.2
4 y > 0 x 5 )
= 2, ) (1, 0), (2, 0), (0, 2) 6 10 7
1 = {, , , , , } 2 = {, , ,
, , , , } 3 , , , , , , ,
= 4 7 = 42 + 4 + , = 8 = 9
2
8 ) = 20 (0, 0)
2
(20, 10) , ) 7,5 m (10 , 7,5).
, , , ,
) = {, , }, )
, ) 5 ) = {, , ,
, , , , , , , , }, ) = {, , ,
, , , , }, = {, , , , , , , ,
6 ) = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9}, ) = {1, 3},
) = {6, 7, 8, 9 } 7 ) {2642, 2672, 2842, 2872, 2942,
4
1
2
y = x2
3
= 0
2972}, ) = {2672, 2872, 2972}, = {2642, 2672, 2842,

(1, 1), (3, 9)
4 y = 2x2 8x + 5 5 ) =10x > 0,
) , x=y=5 cm
2872}.
5.3
6
3
2 0,5% 3 40
4 () = 7 ,
, )
13
13
52
20
15
13 5
3
8
10
3
)
)
() =
, ( ) =
, )
, )
20
20
25
25
25
25
= 2 (0, 6), (2, 8) ,

2
6 2
7 ()= 1 , ()= 6 , ( )= 11 8 13 , 12
) 4 m 9 ) y = x2 + 6
8
36
36
36
25 24
(8, 0) , ) 9 1
1
1
12
11
12 48% 13
25% 10
50%
4
10
14
24
1,6 5,76 m.
6 E = (6 x)(3 + x), x = 1,5 m
7 = x,
2
= 2x 20x+100 AB 8 )
5
5.1
1
) = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8},
={1, 2, 4, 8}, ) ={0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8}, = {2, 4, 8},

= {1, 3, 5, 7}, = {0, 3, 5, 6, 7}, ) i) () = 5 ,
9
) = {5, 5}, ) = {5}, ) = {1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4},

5
) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12} 2 , , = , = ii) () = , iii) ( ) = 3 , iv) ( ) = 6
9
9
9
3 ={1, 2, 3}. : {1}, {2}, {3}, {1, 2},
3 ) 1 : 12, 36 - 2 : 18, 14
{2, 3}, {1, 3}, , 4 = {(0, 4), (1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 1), (4, 0)} 2 3 , 6
12 8
5 ) = { }, ) = {
30
32
12
68
2
4
ii )
ii i )
iv )
,
,
}, ) = { 20} ) i ) 80 ,
80
80
80
12
6 ) = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6}, ) = {2, 4},
5 3 75% 6 ) 4 , ) 6
7 2
8
) ={3, 6}, ) ={1, 3, 5} 7 ) ={, , , , , },
4
12
12
10
= {, , , , , }, = {, , , , }, ) =
5
6
{, , , , , , , }, = {, , , }, = {, , }, , , (8) = 36 (7) = 36 .
8 ) ,
) ( ) = {, , , , }
) ,
261
(256-264)
21-11-06
17:26
262

1.4
1
1.1
1 , ( )
, , ( )
4
, ( )
, ( ) 5
, , ( ) 6 ,
7 ,
( )
( ) 8
9 )
10 ( )
, ( ), ) ( )
11 , ( ) 12
13 )
, ( )
, ( ), ) ( )
14 ) , ( ), )
( ) 15 ,
16 ,
17
18 ,
19 )
, , ) ( )
20
,
21 ,
= = 90.
1.2
1
2
v)
1
3
) i)
5

5
3 ) 2, )
, )
2

3
2
2
5
3
, ii) 2, iii) , iv) ,
5
6
2
4 ) 3 , ) 4 , ) 3
, ) = = 2 7 ,
. 8
.
2 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm
3 A = 90, B = = 45
) i) 1,5 cm
ii) 6 cm
= = 6 cm,
2 cm
B = 6
4
6 7 ) (2, 2), (4, 4), (0, 4).
) (3, 1), (3, 3), (1, 5).

8
1 9

3
5
,
2

1.5
1
2 ) x = 4,2 cm, ) x = 50 3 .
4
1
2
5 )
1
, )
4
3
,
4
6 120 m, 1:: 4000.

2 A = 6 cm
3 ) = , )
5 x=4
1.6
1
6 21 m
7 x = 6cm
4 = 25 m
8 1,70 m.

9
25
2 50 cm2
3 25
4 ) 1 , ) 1
4
4
2
2
2
1
5 1 =
6 ) 16 ,
2 =
3
3
9
16 7
)
)
25
()
1
1 2 8
) 57,6 cm2,

, )
=
2
2
()
( )
( )
( )
) 22,5 cm2
1.3
1 ) x = 6cm, ) x = 6cm, ) x = 3cm
2
3
9 69%
10 36%.
=7 2 =3,2, =4,8 3 x=12 4 O=15,

= 12 5 x = 7,5 6 = 15, = 9 7 x = 10,8,

y = 6 8 = 62 =31 =
262
1
2 ) ,
) = 3
(256-264)
21-11-06
17:27
263
2.3
, 5 ) = 9,6 cm OE = 12,8 cm

6 6
2 cm 7 36 cm2 8 ) 2, ) 10 cm 9 1 cm
10 ) ,
) (Z)=( )( )( )( ).

2
2 = 2
, = 2
2
1 = 12 , = 5
13
12
3 = 3 , = 4
5
5
4 = 0
) , ) 2
x, y
1 2, )
T
0 180
1 ) = 4 , = 3 , = 4 , ) = 12 ,
13
5
12
= , = , ) = 1, = 0,
13
5
2
5

5
2 ) 2, ) = 5 , = 5 , = 2
4 ) (1,
3),
3 (5
3, 5)
120=
1
, 120=
3
2
) 120=

3
,
2
5 )
1
xx = 1, ) 150=
,
2

3

3 6
3
3
) , ) = ,
150= 2 , 150= 3
4
5
4
7 1(10, 7) 2(20, 18),
=
5
12 = 7.
2.2
3
1
1 ) 120=
, 120= , 120=
3,
2
6 ), )
7 ) 2
8 ), )
2.1
2
9 ) 2x = x , )
2
x
x
10 )
x
x
2x = 1
2x = (1 x)(1 + x), ) -
x
11 ) 1, ) 2
12 )
x =
x
70
70=
70 + 110 = 180,
70
40
) 40=
40 + 140 = 180
40
13
= 30 = 60.
+1 2
2
:
+
=1,
+2
+2
= 180.
2.4
) (
1 ) 2
2, ) 5
6, ) 4
6 2 ) 90, ) 30, ) 90
3 ) A = 45 = 105 A = 135 = 15,
) = 45 A = 75 4
5 448 m 6
=
3
7 F1 6,44 N F2 5,27 N
8 29,06 m
9 ) 5,
1
0
1
1
) 120, ) 2, ) x = 90
==3
10
3 cm
12 =
1 3,
=
3 7 13 .
2 ) 108+72=180 77+103 =180, . T
) 122+ 58 = 180 3 ), ) 157,19 m 14 126.

2

2
) 135=
2 , 135= 2 , 135= 1,
1

3

3
) 150= , 150=
2
2 , 150= 3
5 ) 45 135, ) 30
1 ) , )
2 = 5
150, ) 30, ) 120, ) 120, ) 45 6 1
13
6 cm.
= 15 3 = . = 10
4 ) ) ,
7 ), )

) = 5 ) A = 120,
4
3
4
A + = 180 8 = , = , =
() = 60
3 m2 6 )
5
5
3
, ) ( + ) = ( ) = 1 7 )
, 9
, ), ), )
3
21

7
, = 14 , = 14 , = 3
3 , 8 = 6,
= 5, = 4 = 5, = 6, = 4 9 65 m.
.
263
(256-264)
3-11-06
12:07
264

,

. ,
.
,

7 1129 15/21 1946 ( 1946, 108, ).
,
(copyright), ,
.

ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΑ Γ΄ ΓΥΜΝΑΣΙΟΥ

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΑ Γ΄ ΓΥΜΝΑΣΙΟΥ

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

(001-008)-

... / II / 2.2.1. / 2.2.1.:

(+5) (+7) = +35

A = x2 (x2 y3)2 (x1)3 = x2 x4 y6 x3 = x2 x4 x3 y6 = x9 y6 =

52 58 37 127

145 107 + 212 143

T ( ) 30 1,77 m = 177 cm,

T ( ) 30 1,77 m = 177 cm,

(12x 4y2) : (4x 2y) = 12x 4y 2 2 =

3x2y + 2xy4 5x3y3

3x2y + 2xy4 5x3y3

(x) = x 2 3x + 4, Q(x) = P(2x) P(x).

o (2x) , (x) , x 2x, :

T (x), B(x) (x) 2, 3 2 .

= 2xy2 + y3 + 2x3 xy2.

) 3x2y (2xy yx2) + (3xy y3)

A (x) = 2x3 x2 + x 4, B(x) = 3x3 + 5x 2 (x) = 4x2 3x + 8,

A P(x) = (5x2 + 4x 3) (x2 2x + 1) + (3x2 + x) Q(x) = x2 + x + ,

) (2x2 5x + 6)(x 2) = 2x3 4x2 5x2 + 10x + 6x 12 = 2x3 9x2 + 16x 12

(x) = 2x2 + 5x 3 Q(x) = 4x 5, :

P(x) = 3x(2x + 4)(x 1) Q(x) = x3 + x2 + x + ,

(2x + 3y)2 = (2x)2 + 2 2x 3y + (3y)2 = 4x2 + 12xy + 9y2

) (x 2y) 3 (x y)(x 2 + xy + y 2).

) (2x 3)2 2(3x 1)(3x + 1) = (2x)2 2 2x 3 + 32 2(3x)2 12 =

iv) T (5 x)(52 + 5x + x2) :

) ( ..... ... 4)2 = y2 ..... ... .....

(x) = (x 3)2 + (3x + 1)2 10(x 1)(x + 1)

) (x2 1)2 (x2 3)(x2 + 3)

) 3x3 12x2 + 5x 20 = 3x2(x 4) + 5(x 4) = (x 4)(3x2 + 5)

) 83 3 = (2)3 3 = (2 )(2)2 + 2 + 2 = (2 )(42 + 2 + 2)

) H 3x2 18x : 3x2 18x = 3x(x 6).

) 786 45 + 786 55 = 786(45 + 55) = 786 100 = 78600

) 3x2 y 12y 3 = 3y(x2 4y2 ) = 3y x2 (2y)2 = 3y(x 2y)(x + 2y)

) (3x 1)(x 2) (x + 4)(x 2)

) ..... + y3 = (2x + y)(4x2 ..... + .....)

, (x) () (x) () (x)0

(8x4 + 8x3 + 17x 5) : (2x2 + 3x 1), :

) (x4 2x3 8x2 + 18x 9) : (x2 9)

(x) = (x3 + 2)(x2 5) + 4x2 6x + 7. N

1. 12, 24, 300

1.8 ... ...

... = 600x y ... = 12x 2 y

3(x y)(x + y),

... = 18( y) (x + y) ... = 3( y)

= 12x2 12 = 12(x2 1) = 12(x 1)(x + 1)

( xx+ 12 : 2xx +16 ) xx ++ 23

2x3 2xy2 + 3y3

(x) = 2x2 + 2x + 800.

= x(x + 3) = (x + 1)(x + 2).

) 0,2(3x 4) 5(x 0,4) = 0,4(1 10x)

N x 2(2x 1) 6x(2x 1) + 9(2x 1) = 0

) (22 + 1)(2 16) = 0

) 9x2 (5x 1)2 = 2x

2x2 + 5x + 3 = 2x (1) x

) (y + 2)2 + (y 1)2 = 5(2y + 3)

4 cm, 6 cm 8 cm. x cm, . x.

E > > 0, () > (1)

A 1 < x < 3 2 < y < 5, :

) x > 2, x3 > 2x2

) 4(3x 5) > 3(4x + 5)

(x) = x3 + 3x2 13x 15. N P(x) = 0,

> 4, ( + 1)x2 (3 2)x + + 1 = 0

A > > 0, >

A > > , + > +

={1, 2, 4, 8}, ) ={0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8}, = {2, 4, 8},