is merely a size, shape, volume, or phase change. Therefore, when there is a chemical change you aremaking something new, a new chemical. When there is a physical change there is no change in the chemicalformula of the substance, just looks a little different. You could list a number of different chemical andphysical changes.Chemical Changes: things like paper burning, gasoline burning, iron rusting,Physical Changes: things like melting, freezing, water boiling, condensing, sublimationHand in Group B Parallel Exercises: 1,3,4,5,7,8,9
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1. Write the chemical symbols for the following chemical elements:a)Argon, Ar; b)Gold, Au; c)Neon, Ne; d)Sodium, Na; e)Calcium, Ca; f)Tin, Sn3. Identify the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the following isotopes:
X
Y Z
Y is the mass number and equal to the number of neutrons plus protonsZ is the atomic number and it is equal to the number of protons in an atom of the element (also equal to thenumber of electrons in a neutral atom of the element)a)
14
7 protons, 7 electrons and 7 neutrons,
N
7
b) 3 protons, 3 electrons and 4 neutrons;c)
17
17 protons, 17 electrons, 18 neutrons
Li
73
Cl
35
d) 20 protons, 20 electrons, 28 neutronse) 29 protons, 29 electrons, 34 neutrons
Ca
4820
Cu
6329
f) 92 protons, 92 electrons and 138 neutrons
U
23092
4.
Identify the period and the family in the periodic table for the following elements:Use periodic table onpage 249.a) XenonXe is in period 5 and in family VIIIA (new way of numbering families would make this 18)
b) PotassiumK is in period 4 and in family IA (new way of numbering families would make this 1)c) ChromiumCr is in period 4 and in family VIB (new way of numbering families would make this 6)d) ArgonAr is in period 3 and in family VIIIA (new way of numbering families would make this 18)e) BromineBr is in period 4 and in family VIIA (new way of numbering families would make this 17)f) Barium
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Ba is in period 6 and in family IIA (new way of numbering families would make this 2)5.How many outer shell electrons are found in an atom of:Remember from class that for the main group elements (those with A in the numbering) the roman numeraltells you the number of outer shell electrons found in a neutral atom of the element.a) NaSodium is in group IA so it has one outer shell electron. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
b) PPhosphorus is in group VA so it has five outer shell electrons. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
3
c) BrBromine is in group VIIA so it has seven outer shell electrons. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
2
3d
10
4p
5
d) IIodine is in group VIIA so it has seven outer shell electrons. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
2
3d
10
4p
6
5s
2
4d
10
5p
5
e) TeTellurium is in group VIA so it has six outer shell electrons. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
2
3d
10
4p
6
5s
2
4d
10
5p
4
f) SrStrontium is in group IIA so it has two outer shell electrons. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
2
3d
10
4p
6
5s
2
7.Identify the charge on the following ions:Remember that you can use the information on the periodic tableto identify the charges on ions too. Remember, if metals ionize they form cations (+ charged ions) and if nonmetals ionize they form anions (- charged ions). Then, remember that in nature there is the magicnumber of 8 electrons in the outer shell that seems to be most stable. So if the element has fewer than 4 outershell electrons it will give up those electrons and become a cation – leaving the next shell with 8. If the
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