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Print Page - The Special Features of the Khawarij and its Hukmfile:///C|/...ers/NSA/Desktop/Print%20Page%20-%20The%20Special%20Features%20of%20the%20Khawarij%20and%20its%20Hukm.htm[7/18/2009 12:48:46 AM]
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Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq => Khawarij => Topic started by: Muferrid Muhammed Selefy on September 16,2008, 04:26:09 AM
Title:
The Special Features of the Khawarij and its Hukm
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Muferrid Muhammed Selefy
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September 16, 2008, 04:26:09 AMThe Special Features of the Khawarij and its Hukm
Ibn Kathir said: “I say this group of people is from the strangest type of children of Adam(as). So how free from all imperfection is the One who varied His creation as He willed andinitiated with His magnicifent degree. And what is better than what some of the salaf used tosay concerning the Khawarij, that they are mentioned in the statement of Allah (awj): “Say: ‘Shall we tell you of those who lose most in respect of their deeds? Those whose efforts havebeen wasted in this life, while they thought that they were acquiring good by their works?’ They are those who deny the Signs of their Lord and the fact of their having to meet Him (inthe Hereafter): vain will be their works, nor shall We, on the Day of Judgment, give themany weight.” (al-Kahf 18/103-105) So the intended meaning is that these misguidedignoromause and these criminals in terms of statements and actions have united their viewthat of the Khawarij whilst they are in the midst of Muslims. And they agreed to travel tothe cities in order to overtake the people and fortify the cities and then to send outdelegations to their brothers and followers from amongst those who are upon their opinionand madhab. These are from the people of Basra and other than them, so they agreed uponthis and their unity was based on upon this. So Zayd ibn Husayn at-Tai said about them: ‘Indeed the cities can not be overtaken, since they have armies that you can not overpowerand they will prevent you from them. However arrange to meet your brothers at the bridgeof Jawfaa. And do not come from Kufah in groups but come out of it one by one so that youdo not rouse suspicious.’ So they wrote a general letter to whomsoever was upon theirmadhab and metholody from the people of Basrah and other than them. So in the letter,they mentioned to them to meet at the river so that they may be one hand against thepeople. Then they come out, pulling out one by one so that no one would know about them.So he prevented them from khuruj. So they came out in the midst of fathers, mothers,maternal uncles and maternal aunts and they separated the ties of kinship. They believed,due to their ignorance lack of knowledge and intellect that the Lord of the heavens and theearth would be pleased with this affair. So they did not know that this was from the greatestof major sins, disasters and offences. This was from that which was made to look tobeautiful to them by Iblis an accursed devil who was banished from the heavens, who raisedenmity for our father Adam (as) then to his children for as long as their souls inhabit theirbodies. And Allah is the One Who is asked to protect us from him, by His might and power.Indeed He answers the innovocations.” (al-Bidaya wa’n-nihaya 7/228)The ideology of Khawarij was the first innovation to appear in Islam. The Khawaarij (singularKhariji -seceder) (Fathu’l-Bari, 12/296) are group of innovators. The word “Khawaarij” isfrom the Arabic root verb: “kharaja” meaning to go out or leave something. This label of theirs may be translated as separatists, insurgents, rebels, nonconformist, etc. They arecalled as ‘khawarij’ that because of their leaving the (fundamentals of the) religion and fortheir opposing the best Muslims (the Companions of the Prophet saw). (Ibn Hajar, Fathu’l-Bari, 12/296-316; Nawawi, Sharh Sahih Muslim, 7/170; Shahrastani, al-Milal wan’nihal, 107)And it is also said that they were called Khawarij due to their khuruj (leaving) the path of the jamaah. They are the first people to go against Imam Ali in the war of Siffin, theydistanced themselves from Uthman and Ali. They called people with major sins kuffar andthey said that it is legitimate and compulsory to rebel against an Imam if he differs oropposes a Sunna (according to their opinion). (Al-Milal wan-Nahal, 87-99)And the first opposition and insurgency from them occurred against the leader of thebelievers, Ali Ibn Abi Talib (ra) when the issue of who has the right to pass rulings wasdebated. The Khawaarij gathered at a place called Harura near Kufah in Iraq. The people of 
 
Print Page - The Special Features of the Khawarij and its Hukmfile:///C|/...ers/NSA/Desktop/Print%20Page%20-%20The%20Special%20Features%20of%20the%20Khawarij%20and%20its%20Hukm.htm[7/18/2009 12:48:46 AM]
the land of Iraq have a history of fitnah and groups that cause strife. They are so infamousfor it that; it is related from Amr ibn al-As (ra) that he said of them, “People of division andhypocrisy.” RasulAllah (saw) said following in a hadith which is narrated from Abdullah Ibn Umar (ra): “OAllah, put barakah (blessing) on our Sham! O Allah put barakah on our Yemen. The peoplesaid, And on our Najd as well? I think the third time he (saw) said, There (Najd) is a place of earthquakes and afflictions and from it the horn of Shaitan will come out.” (Bukhari) IbnHajar quotes a sahabi by the name of al-Khatibi about this hadith, who had this to say, “TheNajd is in the direction of the east and is in the city of the highlands of the Iraqisteppe/desert. Its direction is east of the people of Madinah, and the root of the word ‘najd’ means what is risen up (raised/elevated) from the earth in contravention to al-Gawr for thatis what is lower than it..” Ad-Dawudi has also said, “Najd is with regard to the land of Iraq(min Naahiya al-Iraq).” (Fathu’l-Bari, 13/ 51).There are some other ahadith narrated regarding the matter such as: It is narrated from Ibnumar (ra) that RasulAllah (saw) said: "O Allah bestow your blessings on our Madinah, andbestow your blessings on our Mecca, and bestow your blessings on our Sham, and bestowyour blessings on our Yemen, and bestow your blessings in our measuring (fee saa'inaa wamuddinaa). A person said, O RasulAllah and in our Iraq (as well?) and so he (saw) turnedaway from him and said, there will occur earthquakes, trials and tribulations and there willappear the horn of Satan." (Abu Nu'aym, al-Hilya, 6/133) This hadith of Ibn Umar (ra) alsonarrated by Tabarani that RasulAllah (saw) prayed Fajr and then faced the people and said,"O Allah bestow your blessings on our Madinah, O Allah bestow your blessings in ourmeasuring, O Allah bestow your blessings in our Sham and our Yemen. A person said, AndIraq O RasulAllah? He (saw) said, from there arises the horn of Satan and the trials andtribulations would come like mounting waves." (al-Awsat) There is another hadith which issimilar is related by Tabarani from Ibn Abbas (ra) that RasulAllah (saw) supplicated and said,"O Allah bestow your blessings on our Sham and Yemen. A person from amongst the peoplesaid, O RasulAllah and Iraq? He (aaw) said, indeed there is the Horn of Satan, and the trialsand tribulations will come like mounting waves, and indeed harshness/coarseness is in theeast." (al-Kabeer) Abu Sa'ed al-Khudri said that RasulAllah (saw) made a mention of a sectthat would be among his ummah which would emerge out of the dissension of the people.Their distinctive mark would be shaven heads. They would be the worst creatures or theworst of the creatures. The group who would be nearer to the truth out of the two would killthem. RasulAllah (saw) gave an example (to give their description) or he said: A man throwsan arrow at the prey (or he said at the target), and sees at its iron head, but finds no sign(of blood there), or he sees at the lowest end, but would not see or find any sign (of bloodthere). He would then see into the grip but would not find (anything) sticking to it. AbuSae'd then said: People of Iraq! It is you who have killed them.” (Muslim) It is narrated fromYusair bin Amr: “I asked Sahl bin Hunaif, ‘Did you hear the Prophet saying anything aboutAl-Khawarij?’ He said, I heard him saying while pointing his hand towards Iraq. ‘There willappear in it (i.e, Iraq) some people who will recite the Qur’an but it will not go beyond theirthroats, and they will go out from (leave) Islam as an arrow darts through the game'sbody’.” (Bukhari)It can be deduced from the above Hadith that Najd is neither blessed nor a good place but aplace of Fitna and Evil. Najd has been deprived of the prayers of RasulAllah (saw) andtherefore Najd has the seal of misery and misfortune and hoping for any good from there isgoing against the Will of Allah. According to the ahadith; it is a place that so many fitnah hadoccurred and will be occurred.It is narrated from Abu Said Khudri (ra) that he said: “Once we were in the presence andcompany of RasulAllah (saw). He was distributing booties (Spoils of War) when a personnamed Thul-Khuwaysara, who was from the tribe of Bani Tamim addressed RasulAllah (saw) ‘Oh Muhammad Be Just!’. RasulAllah (saw) replied: ‘A Great pity that you have doubts, if Iam unjust then who will be just, you are a loser and a failure.’ Thul-Khuwaysara's attitudeinfuriated Umar (ra) and he pleaded with RasulAllah (saw) to permit him to slay Thul-Khuwaysara. RasulAllah (saw) remarked: ‘Leave him, as his slaying will serve no goodpurpose, as he is not the only individual but there are a host of others like him and if you
 
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compare their prayers and fasting to that of yours, you yourself will feel ashamed. These arethe people who will recite the Quran but it will not go beyond their throats, with all theseapparent virtues they will leave the fold of Deen just like the arrow leaves the bow’.” (Bukhari)It is said that these people of Khawarij are the offsprings of Thul Khuwaisarah at-Tamemeeand he was among the tribe of Tamemee. During the era of Abu Bakr (ra) the people of tribe of Tamemee were behind the false prophets such as Sajah and Musailamah.The Khawaarij collectively agreed that both the 3rd and 4th caliphs of Islam; Uthman (ra)and later Ali (ra) were in fact disbelievers as were the other companions...And they thinkrevolting against the leaders and governments is permissible. They also believe that anymajor sin is an act of disbelief… Many authentic ahadith from RasulAllah (saw) condemningthem have come in ten different forms of narration like what Al-Khalaal narrated from ImamAhmad that he said, “The Khawaarij are wicked people, and I don’t know of any people onearth more evil than they.” And he said, “RasulAllah’s (saw) ahadith about them areauthentic in ten different forms.” (Al-Khalaal, as-Sunnah, I, 145, # 110) Ibn Taymiyyah(Majmu al-Fatawa, 3/279), mentioned that Muslim recorded some of them in his authenticcollection as did Bukhari (Muslim; Bukhari; Fathu’l-Bari).Shahrastani said: “Everyone who revolts against the true leader whom the Muslims haveagreed upon, then he is to be called a khariji; regardless whether the khuruj occurred in thedays of the companions as khuruj against the rightly guided caliphs or as revolt against thosewho followed them in goodnees and the leaders in every age.” (al-Milal wan’nihal, 105)The Khawaarij are known by other (Arabic) names such as “Al-Haruriyyah,” “Ash-Shurah,”  “Al-Maariqah,” and “Al-Muhakkimah”. (Imam Al-Ash’ari, Maqaalaat Al-Islamiyyeen, I, 206-207) They don’t mind these labels except for “Al-Maariqah” which is the name taken fromthe Hadith when RasulAllah (saw) described them as those who “maraqa (go through or passin and out)” of the religion. Qadi Iyad said: “They were named Mariqah (renegades) due tothe statement of RasulAllah (saw) ‘They shoot through the religion’ (Suyuti, Sharhus sunnaof Nisai, 7/85) and they were pleased with all of the names and titles, except al-Mariqah.” (Mawqif Ahlu Sunna wa Jamaah, 1/137-139) And they have been called al-Haruriyah becausethey gathered and revolted at a place called Harura. And it is a town close to Kufah.(Nawawi, Sharh Sahih Muslim, 7/170) And they are called people of Nahrawan, because Ali(ra) fought them there. And they are called al-Muhakkimah due to their objection to tahkim(arbitrary/judgment), and their statement ‘There is no judgment except for Allah.” (al-Ashari,Maqalatu’l-Islamiyya, 207)Sects of Khawarij are also classified as sitters and revolutionaries. Khawarijuth-Thawriyyah isthe sect who revolt and fight against. Khawariju’l-Qa’diyyah (sitters) is a sect of Khawarijwho are a revolutionary movement; prefer sitting and provoking common-folks against theruler without actually revolting themselves.The definition of the Qa’diyyah in the Arabic language comes from al-qu’ood (to sit) with adamma, and al-maq’ad with a fathah is something that is sat upon. Al-Qa’dah is the plural of Qaa’id, who is an instigator. (az-Zubaydi, Taju’l-Urus, 5/194; al-Azhari, Mu’jam Tadheebul-Lughah, 3/3003; al-Khaleel, al-Ayn, 3/1501)Az-Zubaydi said: “The Qa’dah are a people from amongst the Khawarij who sat back fromhelping Ali ibn Abi Talib (ra) and they sat back from fighting with him. And whoever holdstheir opinion is a Qa’di instigator. They hold the judgment to be a right, but they sit backwhen it comes to revolt against the people…And the Qa’diyyah are those who do not leavefor the fighting. So it is the name of the group and the Haruriyah (a sect among Khawarij)are named Qa’diyyah. And the Shurat (a sect among Khawarij) are those who try to gain therule but do not go into battle; they are also named Qa’diyyah.” (az-Zubaydi, Taju’l-Urus,5/195) Al-Azhari said: “al-Qa’d: plural of Qaa’id and the Qadee is from amongt thoseKhawarij who hold judgmenet to be a right, but they sit back from the revolt against thepeople.” (al-Azhari, Mu’jam Tadheebul-Lughah, 3/3006) al-Azhari quoted that ibn Arabi said:al-Qa’d: The Shurat who desire to attain ruler-ship, yet do not wage war.” (al-Azhari, Mu’jam
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