(IntServ)

Integrated Service (IntServ, RFC 1633) .

(End-to-End) ,
. IntServ RSVP,

. IntServ (Resource
reservation).

RSVP
QoS-
.
, .
RSVP , -
. , RSVP
,
, (Network File System
NFS) (Virtual Private Networks VPN).
RSVP
. RSVP ;
, ,
. I-,
RSVP .

RSVP
RSVP QoS
. RSVP-
, . RSVP
.
RSVP-
. . 8.1 ,
, RSVP

. 8.1. RSVP
, RSVP-
(admission control)
(policy control). ,
QoS.
, ,
. - , RSVP-
, . , RSVP (packet classifier)
(packet scheduler) QoS.

QoS , ,
QoS. (Weighted Fair Queuing
WFQ) (Weighted Random Early Detection
WRED) QoS . WFQ WRED
.

,
. ,
,
. ,
, ,
. - ,
.

.
RSVP-, RSVP- .
.

1. RSVP PATH ,
.
, .
2. RSVP- -, IP-
,
,
.
3. - , RSVP RESV- RSVP-
. RSVP RESV -
, RSVP .
4. RSVP- , RESV-. ,
. ,
.
5. ,
, . .
RESV-.
RSVP- . 8.2.

. 8.2. RSVP-

RSVP-
RSVP- :

RSVP- (RSVP sender) , RSVP. , RSVP-

RSVP-:
o ;
o .

, RSVP- (RSVP-enabled router network),

RSVP- RSVP-.

RSVP- (RSVP-receiver) , RSVP-.

IP (Voice over IP VoIP)
RSVP-, RSVP-.
, RSVP- RSVP-:
;
;
QoS, :
o -
;
o ,
.

RSVP- :
.

(distinct reservations) ,
.
,
.
,
.

, .

(shared reservations) ,
,
, VoIP. ,
,
.
,
,
.
RSVP (shared flow);
.
.

(Shared Explicit SE) ,

, .
(Wildcard Filter WF)
.
,
.

RSVP ,
RSVP RESV:
.


(controlled load service) ,

, . ,
Cisco .

.
, Internet, .
, " " .
, FTP (File Transfer Protocol ).

(guaranteed bit rate service)
, ,

. ,
,
.
,
.
-
. -
.
.

, - .

.
,
( , ),
( ,
) ( ).
RESV-
. WFQ WRED
,
.

RSVP
RSVP ,
.
Internet-
,
Internet.

DiffServ
1998 IETF
(diffserv Working Group). diffserv ,

 intserv
. diffserv
.
diffserv
(DS) (Type of Service ToS)
IPv4 (Traffic Class) IPv6.
(per-hop behavior ), ..
.
(A Framework for
Differentiated Services/Bemet Y. et al, Internet Draft),

.

(Differentiated Services Code Point DSCP)
.
(-).

. 8.3. DiffServ
- ,
(DSCP).

DSCP.
8.1.

diffserv-

diffserv-

-



DSC

DSCP

diffserv- -,
. ,
diffserv-
diffserv- . , :

( DSCP);

diffserv-
. diffserv-
,
-.
. 8.3 .
8.1.

,
,
.
DSCP,
.
,
diffserv-.
, DSCP-
, ,
.

.
DSCP,
.
.

/ DSCP ,
.

, .
, ,
"" ""
.

(traffic shaping)
.

,
.
(traffic policing).

 DSCP
IP- -.
-
- ,
, . " ",
,
.
- diffserv-
. DSCP,
DSCP .
DSCP 000 000.
-, , :

.
;
.
, diffserv-;
. ,
diffserv-.

- - (EF ) (AF ).

- (Expedited
Forwarding EF )
B diffserv-,
, ,
, . EF
, IP (Voice
over IP VoIP), , ,
,
diffserv-.
(premium service).
, ,

. -
,
, .
EF
( ),
. ,
( )
. , ,
, MTU- ( ,
) .
,
,
EF .
( ),

.

- (AF )
- (Assured Forwarding AF )
,
IP-, diffserv- . AF
-.
-
AF-. AF-
,
. AF-
(, ),
(Random Early
Detection RED).
AF ,
IP-
DSCP.
PHB:

;
;
.

.
, ,
QoS
.

-
RSVP . RSVP
diffserv- , .

QoS
QoS, .
COPS (Common Open Policy
Service) IETF.

FIFO
,
" " (first-in first-out FIFO). , .

PQ.
Priority Queuing (PQ) . 4
: high, medium, normal low. ( high low),
,
. , .
, , (default).

CQ.
Custom Queuing (CQ) .
. 17 . 0
( ..)
.
, . ,
,
. 0, ,
, .

WFQ.
Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) (flows).
256, . , ,
. ()
ToS, IP- , IP- ,
( IP). .
WFQ (scheduler) (fair )
. ,
. , (weight),
IP- (TOS).
.
WFQ ,
ToS. IP- ToS
; IP- .
,
.
WFQ RSVP . WFQ .

WRED.

(Weighted Random Early Detection

WRED)
RED
IP-. , WRED
, ,
.

CBWFQ
Class Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ)
. 64 :
, (access list), , DSCP, MPLS QoS.
.
(bandwidth
kbit/s) (bandwidth percent) .
, , ,

. .

LLQ
Low Latency Queuing (LLQ) . LLQ
CBWFQ PQ (LLQ = PQ + CBWFQ).
PQ LLQ . LLQ
(VoIP) . ,
.