• Embed Doc
  • Readcast
  • Collections
  • CommentGo Back
Download
 
Musculoskeletal System
Monday, July 06, 20099:27 AM
Osteoblast
bone marrow forming cells
Lay down new bone and become…
Osteocytes
Parathyroid hormone.
Osteoblast - trapped in bone matrix
Maintains bone makers.
Osteoclast
Removes bone during repair and remodeling process
Reabsorb bone - use citric and lactic acid to do it.
Bone Matrix
Collagen fibers
Give bone matrix strength
Proteoglycans
Large polysacchrides give strength to bone.
Important for movement of ions.
Glycoprotein complexes
Bone Mineralization
Synthesized and bone minerals are laid down.
Final hardening of bone
 Types of bone
Compact Bone
Highly organized, very strong
Organized by haviristim system.
Spongy Bone
Less complex organization of bone tissue
Periosteum
Double layer of CT
Outer layer has blood vessels and nerves.
Inner layer has collagen fibers that penetrate into bone.
Hormonal Control of Bone
Parathyroid Hormone
Important Ca & phosphate regulator
Helps Ca and phosphate be released from bone tissue.
Calcitonin
Helps regulate release of Calcium (Ca) from bone.
Released from thyroid gland.
Vitamin D
Steroid hormone, helps absorb Ca from intestine, get from intestinaldigestion and sun.
Activates Parathyroid Hormone.
Maintenance of Bone Integrity
Remodeling: maintains internal structure
 
Used for microscopic injuries in bone
Phase 1 (activation)
Stimulis - hormone, drug, physical stressor activates body to formosteoclasts.
Phase 2 (resorption)
Osteoclasts gradually reabsorb bone
Phase 3 (Formation)
Laying down of new bone by Osteoblasts lining walls of injuredsite.
Repair
Larger wounds
Hematoma formation
Blood clot over ends of bony tissue
Formation of procallus by osteoblasts
Sits up from bone tissue, forms seal over end of bone (byosteoblasts)
Happens within days of injury
Form bone matrix
Callus formation
 Takes a few weeks to form.
Structural integrity
Replacement and contour modeling
Can take years (up to 4 yrs)
Bone broken down (lysed), then mineralized.
Structure and Function of Joints
Stabilize and move
Synarthrosis
Completely immovable, i.e. Skull.
Amphiarthrosis
Slightly movable, where sternum and ribs come together
Diarthrosis
Freely movable, knees, hips, elbows.
Fibrous Joints
Connected by fibrous CT, usually synarthrosis.
Depends on how far apart the two bones are.
Radius ulna, teeth to mandible.
Cartilaginous Joints
Connected by cartilage.
2 types
Symphysis type joints (pad or disc b/t bones, pubis, intervertebraldiscs)
Synchondrosis type joints (have hyaline cartilage, costal cartilageb/t ribs and sternum)
Synovial Joints
Diarthrosis joints, most movable and most complex.
Uniaxial
Move in one direction
 
Biaxial
Move in two directions - finger
Multi Axial
Multiple planes - Hip
MSK injuries and Skeletal Trauma classification
Fractures
Complete Fracture
Incomplete Fracture
Open Fracture
Closed Fracture
Comminuted Fracture
2 or more areas
Liner Fracture
Parallel to axis of bone
Oblique Fracture
Oblique angel to bone
Spiral Fracture
Encircles bone
 Tansverse Fracture
Goes straight across bone
Pathologic Fracture
Break in bone tissue where there has been a preexisting abnormalityor underlying disease issue.
 Tumors, osteoporosis, infex of bone, metabolic bone disorders.
Stress Fracture
Occurs in normal or abnormal bones.
Repeated stress on bone.
Often in athletes
Repair is as described earlier.
Fractures
Clinical Manifestations
Pain, swelling, loss of function, deformity if not treated.
Diagnosis
Xray and full history
Underlying cause.
Mechanism of injury
 Treatment
Reduction and internal fixation, manual pressure/manipulation, closedprocedure.
Surgically, controlled situation
Immobolization, splints, calfs, traction, external fixation devices
Bone Healing
See above
Osteoporosis
Pourous bone
Structural integrity compromised, decreased mineralization.
of 00

Leave a Comment

You must be to leave a comment.
Submit
Characters: ...
You must be to leave a comment.
Submit
Characters: ...