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Chapter 1
Factorisation of Algebraic Terms
1
Chapter 1
Factorisations of Algebraic Terms
 Standard Competence:
4. Understand and doing the operation of algebraic ,function, linear equation, linear equationsystem and using it in problems solving.
 Base Competence:
4.1.Solving the operation of algebraic terms.4.2.Determining the factors of algebraic expressions.4.3.Solving the operation of algebraic fractions.
 Indicators:
a.Explaining the definition of coefficient, variable constant, one term, two terms and three termsin the same variable or not. b.Solving the operation of addition, subtraction, multiplication and the power of one term or two terms.c.Solving the operation of division by the like terms or unlike terms.d.Factorizing the terms of algebraic to three terms.e.Simplifying the algebraic expressions.f.Solving the power of constant and terms.g.Solving the operation of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and the power of algebraic fractions with the denominator one term or two terms.
A.SOLVING THE OPERATION OF ALGEBRAIC
1.
The definition of coefficient, variable, constant and terms
.
Coefficient 
is a multiplying factors.Thus in 3
 x
, 3 is the coefficient of 
 x
in -4
 pq
, -4
q
is the coefficient of 
q
Variable
is a quantity whose value changes.
Constant 
is a quantity whose value constant.
Terms
are parts of the expressions which are connected by plus or minus.Example : In Algebraic expression :
6 bananas + 3 apples – 2 bananas – 5 apples – 5
We can write : 6
b
– 3
a
– 2
b
– 5
a
- 5 Note:6 is coefficient of b,3 is coefficient of a,-2 is coefficient of ba and b is variables5 is constant6b and -2b are
like terms
6b and - 3a are
unlike terms
AL. Kristiyanto : SMPN 21 Semarang
 
Chapter 1
Factorisation of Algebraic Terms
2
2.
Addition and subtraction of algebraic.
The algebraic expression can be simplified if only have the like terms.Example:Simplify : 3
 x
+ 7
 y
–11
 x
+ 5
 y
= 3
 x
– 11
 x
+ 7
 y
+ 5
 y
( Grouping the like terms )= - 8
 x
+ 12
 y
TASK 1
1.Simplify : 2 mangoes + 4 apples – 5 mangoes + 3 apples + Rp5,000= …….. - ………. + ………+ ……… + ……….= …………………2.Add 5
 x
+ 7 and 3(4
 x
– 4)= ………. + ……………= ………………………..= ………………………...3.Subtract 5
 x
+ 7 of 3(6
 x
+ 8)= ………….. - .………….= …………………………= …………………………4.Subtract 5
 x
+ 7 with 3(6
 x
+ 8)= ………….. - …………..= …………………………= …………………………5.Add 2
 p
+ 5 and 3(2
 p
– 3)= ……….… + ………….= ………………………...= ………………………..
TASK 2
 
1.Find the number of terms in the following algebraic expressionsa. 3
 x
+ 5
 y
– 7d. 4
 xy
+ 7
 x
– 5
 y
+ 8 b. 5
 p
2
– 8
 p
+ 3e. 2
 x
2
 y
– 
 x
c. 5
 x
–2f. –2
m
+ 7
n
– 42.Find the coefficients and variables in the following algebraic expressions :a. 2
 x
+ 5
 y
– 11c. 4
m
2
+ 5
mn
- 7
n
 b. –5
 xy
+ 7
 x
– 10
 y
d. 15
 x
2
 y
– 5
 x
2
– 103. Simplify :a. 3
m
+ 7
n
– 10
m
+ 5b. 2
 x
+ 11
 x
– 5
 x
– 7
 x
AL. Kristiyanto : SMPN 21 Semarang
 
Chapter 1
Factorisation of Algebraic Terms
3
c. 4(
k 
– 5) – 2(
k 
+ 11)e. 12
 p
+ 15
q
– 3
q
+ 4
 p
d. –5(
 p
2
+ 7) + 2(3
 p
2
– 15)f. 14
m
– 3(2
m
– 3)4.Add :a. 4
m
+ 5 and 7 – 9
m
c. 5
 x
– 11 and 2
 y
– 11
 x
+ 7 b. 15
k 
– 7 and 8
k 
+ 5
m
– 3d. 2(3
 x
+ 3) and 4(3
 x
– 5)5. Subtract :a. 5
 x
– 8 of 7
 x
+ 10c. 2
 x
+ 12 of 15
 x
– 5 b. 5(2
 x
+ 2) of -2
 x
+ 1d. 4
m
+ 3 by 2(5
 x
– 1)
3.Multiplication of one term, two terms and three terms
TASK 3
1.Expand :a. 3(2
 x
+ 5
 y
) = …… + …… (
distributive property
) b. –3
k 
(5
kl 
+ 4) = …… ……2.5 (4
a
+ 3
b
– 7
c
)= ……………………………..3.4 (-3
 x
+ 4
 y
– 6
 y
)= ……………………………..4.(3
a
+ 7)(2
a
– 8)= …… - …. + …. - …..= ………………………………5. (4
m
+ 7)
2
= …… + ……+ …… + ….…= …………………………….
4.
The power of one term, two terms and three terms.
The power of one term can use the properties of the power / indices.(ab)
c
= a
c
b
c
then, the power of two terms and three terms and the next can use the Pascal`s Trianglefor finding its coefficient1111 2 1second power…..(
a
+
b
)
2
=
a
2
+ 2
ab
+
b
2
1 3 3 13-th power…… (
a
– 
b
)
3
=
a
3
- 3
a
2
b
+ 3
ab
2
+
b
3
 1 4 6 4 14-th power 
AL. Kristiyanto : SMPN 21 Semarang
 
Special Product :
 
(a + b)
2
= a
2
+ 2ab + b
2
(a – b)
2
= a
2
– 2ab + b
2
(a + b)(a – b) = a
2
– b
2
( ab )
2
= a
2
b
2
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