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On
 
the
 
Brink 
 
of 
 
the
 
Precipice:
 
 A
 
Human
 
Rights
 
 Account 
 
of 
 
Kenya’s
 
Post 
‐
2007 
 
Election
 
Violence
 
Preliminary 
 
Edition
 
1
KENYA
 
NATIONAL
 
COMMISSION
 
ON
 
HUMAN
 
RIGHTS
 
ON
 
THE
 
BRINK
 
OF
 
THE
 
PRECIPICE:
 
A
 
HUMAN
 
RIGHTS
 
ACCOUNT
 
OF
 
KENYA’S
 
POST
‐
2007
 
ELECTION
 
VIOLENCE
 
August
 
2008
 
 
On
 
the
 
Brink 
 
of 
 
the
 
Precipice:
 
 A
 
Human
 
Rights
 
 Account 
 
of 
 
Kenya’s
 
Post 
‐
2007 
 
Election
 
Violence
 
Preliminary 
 
Edition
 
2
TABLE
 
OF
 
CONTENTS
 
ACRONYMS
 
....................................................................................................................................
 
3
 
PREFACE
 
.........................................................................................................................................
 
4
 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
 
...................................................................................................................
 
5
 
MAPS
 
...............................................................................................................................................
 
EXECUTIVE
 
SUMMARY
 
....................................................................................................................
 
6
 
KEY
 
FINDINGS
 
.....................................................................................................................................
 
7
 
RECOMMENDATIONS
 
.......................................................................................................................
 
10
 
CHAPTER
 
ONE:
 
INTRODUCTION
 
.....................................................................................................
 
12
 
CHAPTER
 
TWO:
 
TRIGGERS,
 
FUELERS
 
AND
 
ROOT
 
CAUSES
 
OF
 
The
 
VIOLENCE
 
.....................................
 
20
 
CHAPTER
 
THREE:
 
PROTESTS,
 
VIOLENCE
 
AND
 
DIALOGUE
 
.................................................................
 
31
 
CHAPTER
 
FOUR:
 
THEATRES
 
OF
 
VIOLENCE
 
.......................................................................................
 
37
 
NAIROBI
 
REGION
 
..............................................................................................................................
 
37
 
THE
 
SOUTH
 
RIFT
 
REGION
 
..................................................................................................................
 
49
 
NORTH
 
RIFT
 
REGION
 
.........................................................................................................................
 
59
 
CENTRAL
 
RIFT
 
REGION
 
......................................................................................................................
 
70
 
NYANZA
 
REGION
 
...............................................................................................................................
 
86
 
WESTERN
 
REGION
 
............................................................................................................................
 
97
 
COAST
 
REGION
 
...............................................................................................................................
 
102
 
CENTRAL
 
REGION
 
............................................................................................................................
 
109
 
CHAPTER
 
FIVE:
 
FINDINGS
 
ON
 
NATIONAL
 
TRENDS
 
AND
 
PATTERNS
 
OF
 
THE
 
VIOLENCE
 
.....................
 
116
 
CHAPTER
 
SIX:
 
FINDINGS
 
ON
 
RESPONSIBILITY
 
UNDER
 
DOMESTIC
 
AND
 
INTERNATIONAL
 
CRIMINAL
 
LAW
 
FRAMEWORKS
 
.....................................................................................................................
 
126
 
CHAPTER
 
SEVEN:
 
IMPACT
 
OF
 
THE
 
VIOLENCE
 
ON
 
KENYA’S
 
OBLIGATIONS
 
.......................................
 
144
 
CHAPTER
 
EIGHT:
 
REMOVING
 
THE
 
SHIELD
 
OF
 
IMPUNITY
 
................................................................
 
152
 
BACK
 
FROM
 
THE
 
PRECIPICE?
 
A
 
POSTSCRIPT
..................................................................................
 
156
 
 
On
 
the
 
Brink 
 
of 
 
the
 
Precipice:
 
 A
 
Human
 
Rights
 
 Account 
 
of 
 
Kenya’s
 
Post 
‐
2007 
 
Election
 
Violence
 
Preliminary 
 
Edition
 
3
ACRONYMS
 
ACHPR
 
 –
 
African
 
Charter
 
on
 
Human
 
and
 
Peoples
 
Rights
 
AP
 
 –
 
Administration
 
Police
 
AU
 
 –
 
African
 
Union
 
CIPEV
 
 –
 
Commission
 
of 
 
Inquiry
 
into
 
Post
‐
Election
 
Violence
 
CRC
 
 –
 
Convention
 
on
 
the
 
Rights
 
of 
 
the
 
Child
 
CSO
 
 –
 
Civil
 
Society
 
Organisation
 
ECK
 
 –
 
Electoral
 
Commission
 
of 
 
Kenya
 
FBO
 
 –
 
Faith
‐
Based
 
Organisation
 
GEMA
 
 –
 
Gikuyu,
 
Embu,
 
Meru
 
and
 
Akamba
 
GSU
 
 –
 
General
 
Service
 
Unit
 
ICC
‐
International
 
Criminal
 
Court
 
ICCPR
 
 –
 
International
 
Covenant
 
on
 
Civil
 
and
 
Political
 
Rights
 
ICERD
 
 –
 
International
 
Convention
 
on
 
Elimination
 
of 
 
Racial
 
Discrimination
 
ICESCR
 
 –
 
International
 
Covenant
 
on
 
Economic,
 
Social
 
and
 
Cultural
 
Rights
 
IMLU
 
 –
 
Independent
 
Medical
 
Legal
 
Unit
 
KNCHR
 
 –
 
Kenya
 
National
 
Commission
 
on
 
Human
 
Rights
 
KPTJ
 
 –
 
Kenyans
 
for
 
Peace
 
with
 
Truth
 
and
 
Justice
 
NARC
 
 –
 
National
 
Rainbow
 
Coalition
 
NPWJ
 
 –
 
No
 
Peace
 
Without
 
Justice
 
NSIS
 
 –
 
National
 
Security
 
Intelligence
 
Service
 
ODM
 
(K)
 
 –
 
Orange
 
Democratic
 
Movement
‐
Kenya
 
ODM
 
 –
 
Orange
 
Democratic
 
Movement
 
PNU
 
 –
 
Party
 
of 
 
National
 
Unity
 
SLDF
 
 –
 
Sabaot
 
Land
 
Defence
 
Force
 
TJRC
 
 –
 
Truth,
 
Justice
 
and
 
Reconciliation
 
Commission
 
UDHR
 
 –
 
Universal
 
Declaration
 
of 
 
Human
 
Rights
 
UN
 
 –
 
United
 
Nations
 
of 00

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