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Bhgnhkblbhy oj Iqeddehm * Adn{yehm bjjekebhku eh Osbhkn{y nhiRhibqmqorhi Lehb{&&&
R{b oj Loibqh sqbke{eoh Iqeddehm$ Bdbkyqohek Ibdnu Ibyohnyoq {u{ybl nhioygbq {osge{yeknybi B~reslbhy{ }eyg Hb},mbhbqnyeoh Blrd{eoh Bwsdo{ezb{nqb ygb hbbi,oj,ygb gorq(
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Nrygoq , Snqygn In{ [gnqln
'A(Ybkg,Goh{( Eh Lehehm Bhmm(%B(lned,
{gnqlnsi>Cmlned(kol
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Ehyqoirkyeoh6
Kolsrybqevbi iqeddehm nhi bdbkyqohek ibyohnyoq{ nii sqbke{eoh ny ygb lehb{ yodo}bq io}h{yqbnl ko{y{( Mnehehm n kolsbyeyezb bimb eh n lnyrqb nhi an{ek ehir{yqu de`brhibqmqorhi nhi osbhkn{y lehb{ / ~rnqqeb{$ ey gn{ yn`bh n lnfoq dbns joq}nqi eh bhgnhkblbhy oj Ybkgho,Bkoholek{ niznhynmb{ eh }oq`ehm oj lehb{(Iqeddehm nhi Adn{yehm e{ ygb lo{y elsoqynhy nkyezeyeb{ eh }oq`ehm oj nhu lehb{( Eh snqyekrdnq$bdbkyqohek{ nqb aqehmehm n dbzbd oj rhsqbkbibhybi sqbke{eoh yo ygb sqokb{{ oj aqbn`ehm qok` eh ygblehb{( Kolsrybqevbi iqedd{$
Lbn{rqb,]gedb,Iqeddehm 'L]I%
{u{ybl{$ nhi bdbkyqohekibyohnyoq{$ nqb mnehehm }eibq nkkbsynhkb eh ~rnqqeb{$ osbhkn{y nhi rhibqmqorhi lehb{(Ko{y kbhybq{ {rkg n{ iqeddehm$ adn{yehm$ bwknznyeoh$ gnrdehm nhi kqr{gehm nqb {bbh n{ ehybqqbdnybiznqenadb{ eh ygb yoynd ko{y b~rnyeoh( N{ ygb jeq{y {ybs eh yge{ ehybqqbdnybi sqokb{{$ elsqozbi qb{rdy{jqol iqeddehm nhi adn{yehm0 bzbh ej ey ko{y{ loqb0 knh {emhejeknhydu elsqozb ko{y{ nhi sqoirkyezeyuoj io}h{yqbnl ko{y kbhybq{ {rkg n{ bwknznyehm$ gnrdehm$ nhi kqr{gehm( Eh oqibq joq ygb niznhkb{eh adn{yehm ybkghodomu yo bjjbkyezbdu qbirkb ygb lehehm ehir{yqu―{ ko{y b~rnyeoh$ {lnqy b~reslbhynhi oygbq ehhoznyezb lbn{rqblbhy ybkghodomeb{ }edd hbbi yo ab ibzbdosbi oq niznhkbi {o ygnyehjoqlnyeoh knh jdo} ank` ehyo ygb sqokb{{ joq kohyehror{ elsqozblbhy(Loqbozbq$ n{ ibzbdoslbhy oj Blrd{eoh Bwsdo{ezb{ gn{ bjjbkyezbdu {ra{yeyrybi hbbi oj  Heyqomdukbqehb an{bi nhi [drqqu an{bi bwsdo{ezb{$ ehyqoirkyeoh oj {osge{yeknybi lbn{rqehmeh{yqrlbhy{ }eyg elsqozbi {ojy}nqb byk( gnzb qb{rdybi eh nkgebzehm abyybq Ybkgho,Bkoholek{ ehlehehm osbqnyeoh(
>% Sqbke{b Iemeynd Iqeddehm6
Kolsrybqevbi iqedd{ nhi L]I {u{ybl{ nqb y}o ybkghodomeb{ ygny knh sqozeib jbbiank` ohelsoqynhy n{sbky{ oj ygb iqeddehm jrhkyeoh6
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Koqqbky doknyeoh nhi ibsyg oj adn{y godb{(
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Nkkrqnyb qbkoqiehm oj ‗n{,iqeddbi― kohieyeoh{(Kolsrybqevbi iqeddehm {u{ybl{ sqozeib ygb knsnaedeyu yo nryolnyb ygb iqeddehm sqokb{{$ }gekg knhehkqbn{b lnkgehb ryedevnyeoh$ elsqozblbhy eh iqeddehm nkkrqnku$ }gekg gbds{ osyelevb adn{yehm nhielsqozb {njbyu(Eh n
KNH,ar{ {u{ybl 'Kohyqoddbq Nqbn Hby}oq`%
oj iqeddehm$ }gekg kolsqe{ehm n hrlabq oj {lndd oh,aonqi kolsrybq{ deh`bi au n {ehmdb knadb$ ndd guiqnrdek{ gnzb abbh qblozbi jqol ygbkna nhi n kodoq loheyoq qbsdnkb{ yqnieyeohnd iend{ nhi mnrmb{(N
Qem Kohyqod [u{ybl 'QK[%
{bh{b{ znqenyeoh{ eh qok` kohieyeoh{ nhi nifr{y{ iqeddehm jrhkyeoh{yo osyelevb iqedd sbhbyqnyeoh nhi nkkrqnku nhi yo lehelevb koh{rlsyeoh oj iqedd yood{( ]gedb
 
1
iqeddehm$ ygb {u{ybl dom{ ibzenyeoh{ nhi oygbq snqnlbybq{ joq dnybq nhndu{e{$ }gekg knh qbzbndmbodomek oq godb kohieyeoh{ ygny knh elsnky bwsdo{ezb{ doniehm oq oygbq adn{yehm sdnh{( L]I snqnlbybq{ ehkdrib sbhbyqnyeoh qnyb$ sbqkr{{eoh sqb{{rqb$ jbbibq sqb{{rqb$ inlsbq sqb{{rqb$qoynyeoh {sbbi$ qoynyeoh sqb{{rqb$ nhi jdr{g neq sqb{{rqb(R{b oj n
Mdoand so{eyeohehm [u{ybl 'MS[%
joq nkkrqnybdu so{eyeohehm ygb qem yo iqedd godb{nkkoqiehm yo ygb adn{y ib{emh }eygory {rqzbuehm oq {yn`ehm nddo}{ bn{b nhi bjjekebhy osbqnyeoh([olbyelb$ adn{y godb iqedd loheyoqehm nhi hnzemnyeoh {u{ybl ygny nddo}{ osbqnyoq{ yo mby }eygehnssqowelnybdu 7 eh( oj ygb ib{emhbi godb doknyeoh }eygory {yn`ehm( N kodoq loheyoq ie{sdnu {go}{ygb osbqnyoq }gbqb bzbqu godb {gordi ab iqeddbi n{ }bdd n{ ygb doknyeoh oj sqbzeor{du iqeddbi godb{(N{ ygb iqedd lozb{ nqorhi ygb iqedd snyybqh$ ygb lns lozb{ oh ygb osbqnyoq―{ ie{sdnu yo nddo}~rek` hnzemnyeoh aby}bbh godb{ nhi n ze{rnd dok` qehm jrhkyeoh ehieknyb{ }gbh ygb iqedd e{ so{eyeohbi }eygeh yodbqnhkb oj ygb ib{emh doknyeoh oj n godb( Lns inyn e{ yqnh{jbqqbi yo nhi jqolygb iqedd zen {sqbni {sbkyqrl qnieo(Eh {olb iqedd {u{ybl$ MS[ {u{ybl r{b{
Qbnd Yelb @ehbyek 'QY@%
so{eyeohehm ybkghodomu$ }gekge{ >33 yelb{ loqb nkkrqnyb ygnh Iejjbqbhyend MS[ nhi ohdu qb~reqb{ n {goqy eheyendevnyeoh sbqeoi oh so}bq rs yo nkgebzb kbhyelbybq,dbzbd nkkrqnku( Ygb {u{ybl nd{o ehieknyb{ ygb bdbznyeoh naozb {bndbzbd oj ygb iqedd aey n{ ygb godb e{ iqeddbi( Koh{b~rbhydu$ ygb ynqmby aoyyol oj bnkg godb knh ab{sbkejebi n{ nh bdbznyeoh$ qnygbq ygnh n ibsyg$ yo qbirkb rhibq, nhi ozbq,iqeddehm$ bdelehnyb gnqi,iemmehm yob{$ nhi kqbnyb dbzbd abhkgb{( Hbkb{{nqu {ojy}nqb e{ donibi yo sbqjoql naozb sqbke{eoh nkyezeyeb{ {rkg n{ sqozeiehm jbbiank` yoygb osbqnyoq oh iqeddehm sqoirkyezeyu nhi sbqjoqlnhkb$ nhnduvb iqedd znqenadb{ nhi ibybqlehb godbmbodomu }gedb iqeddehm byk( Yombygbq$ ygb{b snqnlbybq{ sqozeib qbnd,yelb mbodomeknd ehjoqlnyeohygny knh elsqozb bwsdo{ezb{ r{b nhi sqoirkb abyybq jqnmlbhynyeoh( Ygbqbau$ ygb qem ryedevnyeohozbqndd bjjekebhku knh ab ehkqbn{bi hbnqdu au >3 yo >2 sbqkbhy au elsdblbhyehm ygb{b nryolnybijrhkyeoh{(
1% Sqbke{b Ibdnu Ibyohnyeoh {u{ybl6
Fr{y n{ nkkrqnyb godb doknyeoh nhi iqeddehm knh elsqozb jqnmlbhynyeoh nhi ibkqbn{b jdu,qok` nhizeaqnyeoh 'ndd njjbkybi au nkyrnd godb arqibh nhi bwsdo{ezb{ doniehm%$ {o yoo knh ygb yelehm oj ibyohnyeoh oj bnkg godb( Bdnaoqnyb adn{y ib{emh{ }eyg lrdyesdb ibdnu{ aby}bbh godb{ nhi qo}{ nqbohdu n{ bjjbkyezb n{ ygb sqbke{eoh oj ygb ledde{bkohi 'l{% ibdnu{ r{bi( Bdbkyqohek ibyohnyoq{ }eyg sqbke{b ibdnu{ gnzb ~rek`du lozbi jqol bwsbqelbhynd nhi ibzbdoslbhynd {ynmb{ yo kollbqkendr{b eh lehb{( Qbjbq Hoyb oh Bdbkyqohek Ibyohnyoq{ abdo}(Nkkrqnyb nhi jdbweadb yelehm$ go}bzbq$ nddo}{ adn{ybq{ yo ln`b {lndd godb,yo,godb nhi qo},yo,qo} kgnhmb{ yo nkkorhy joq iqeddehm ehnkkrqnkeb{( Nifr{yehm ygb adn{y ib{emh yo nkyrnd kohieyeoh{knh elsqozb {njbyu nhi jqnmlbhynyeoh$ }gekg knh kry ko{y{ au osyelevehm ygb doniehm nhi gnrdehmkukdb$ ehkqbn{ehm kqr{gbq ygqormgsry$ nhi qbirkehm ygb nlorhy oj ozbq{evb gnhidehm nhi{bkohinqu aqbn`ehm( Eh niieyeoh$ sqbke{b nhi znqenadb ibdnu yelehm lnhesrdnyeoh{ gnzb bhgnhkbigemg,}ndd {ynaedeyu nhi abhkg kqb{y sqb{bqznyeoh$ qb{rdyehm eh {njbq lehb{ osbqnyeoh{ nhi nd{o joq qbirkyeoh oj adn{y ehirkbi mqorhi zeaqnyeoh( Ygb{b elsqozblbhy{ nddo} joq loqb nkkrqnyb sdnkblbhy oj aoqbgodb{ joq {rkkbbiehm adn{y{( Osyelevnyeoh oj ygb adn{y ib{emh yo yn`b mqbnybq niznhynmb oj ygb bdbkyqohek ibyohnyoq{― sqbke{eoh }n{ bwsbkybi yo bwsnhi ygb adn{y snyybqh nhiqbirkb ygb bwsdo{ezb koh{rlsyeoh }eygory hbmnyezbdu njjbkyehm sqoirkyeoh(Bdbkyqohek ibyohnyoq{ mbhbqnddu nqb sqomqnllnadb eh >,l{ ehkqblbhy{ nhi gnzb ibdnu nkkrqnku'{knyybqehm% n{ {lndd n{ ¾3(2 l{( Lnhu adn{yehm bhmehbbq{ qbsoqybi ygb joddo}ehm qb{rdy{6
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;1,sbqkbhy ibkqbn{b eh ygb lbnh {evb oj qok` eh ygb so{y,adn{y lrk` sedb(
 
;
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;=,sbqkbhy ehkqbn{b eh 7,eh(,lehr{ qok`(
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12,sbqkbhy qbirkyeoh eh iemmehm yelb yo bwknznyb ygb lrk` sedb(
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:, yo >3,sbqkbhy {nzehm{ eh sqelnqu kqr{gehm ko{y{$ lbn{rqbi au so}bq koh{rlsyeoh(
 HOYB OH BDBKYQOHEK IBYOHNYOQ[ 
Ygb lehehm nhi bwsdo{ezb ehir{yqeb{ qnseidu niosyehm hb} ybkghodomu$ eh ndd joql{$ eh oqibq yo elsqozbozbqndd sbqjoqlnhkb$ bjjekebhku nhi ko{y bjjbkyezbhb{{( Ohb {rkg ybkghodomu ygny e{ abehm ibzbdosbi yoelsqozb ybkgho bkoholek qbdnybi lnyybq{ eh r{nmb oj bwsdo{ezb nhi adn{yehm bjjekebhku(Ygbqb nqb {bzbqnd yusb{ oj bdbkyqohek {u{ybl{ abehm yb{ybi nhi r{bi eh ygb lehehm ehir{yqu$ ndd oj }gekgryedevb {olb yusb oj {yoqbi bhbqmu ibzekb yo sqozeib bhbqmu joq ygbeq yelehm nhi jeqehm keqkrey{( Ndd  Bdbkyqohek Ibyohnyoq{ gn{ n {u{ybl yo {yoqb bdbkyqeknd bhbqmu eh{eib ygb ibyohnyoq n{ n lbnh{ oj  sqozeiehm ibdnu yelehm nhi eheyenyeoh bhbqmu( Ndd oygbq bwe{yehm kohzbhyeohnd ibyohnyoq ybkghodomeb{ ehkdriehm {gok` yrab$ bdbkyqek oq {njbyu jr{b byk(ryedevb{ suqoybkghek bhbqmu n{ n lbnh{ oj ibdnu nhi eheyenyeoh( Ndygormg koh{yqrkyeoh oj bdbkyqohekibyohnyoq lnu hoy nssbnq yo ab {emhejeknhydu iejjbqbhy$ ygbqb e{ n zbqu an{ek ib{emh iejjbqbhkb aby}bbhnh bdbkyqohek ibyohnyoq }eyg oygbq y}o {gok` yrab nhi bdbkyqek ibyohnyoq{(Ohb oj ygb an{ek iejjbqbhkb{ eh bdbkyqohek ibdnu }eyg suqoybkghek {u{ybl oj ibdnu deb{ eh ygb doknyeoh oj  Emheybq( Eh bdbkyqohek ibyohnyoq ygb Emheybq e{ doknybi abdo} ygb ibdnu 'yelehm% loirdb$ }gbqbn{ aoyg {gok` yrab nhi bdbkyqek ibyohnyoq ryedevb ygb Emheybq ngbni oj ibdnu bdblbhy '{gok` yrab jrhkyeoh n{ Emheybq eh ygb {gok` yrab ibzekb%(Oygbq an{ek iejjbqbhkb eh ib{emh oj bdbkyqohek ibyohnyoq e{ ygb r{b oj {olb yusb oj {yoqbi bdbkyqeknd bhbqmu ibzekb$ yuseknddu knsnkeyoq$ e{ r{bi eh ygb ibdnu loirdb( Ygb koh{yqrkyeoh nhi ib{emh oj bdbkyqohek ibyohnyoq znqeb{ jqol lnhrjnkyrqbq yo lnhrjnkyrqbq( N{ ie{kr{{bi ygb bdbkyqohek ibyohnyoq ryedevb{ {ynhinqi {gok` yrab dbni n{ ygb ehsry {emhnd$ }gekg e{yqnh{joqlbi ehyo bdbkyqeknd srd{b ygqormg ygb r{b oj sqehkesnd kolsohbhy 6 N {lndd bwsdo{ezb kgnqmb'aoo{ybq% korsdbi yo n gemgdu bjjekebhy senvo kbqnlek bdblbhy 'mbhbqnyoq% nhi 'bdbkyqeknd bhbqmu {yoqnmbkbdd 'knsnkeyoq%( Rsoh qbkbesy oj n ygbqlnd {emhnd jqol {gok` yrab ygb {lndd bwsdo{ezb kgnqmb eh ygbaoo{ybq ibyohnyoq jeqb{( Yge{ nkyeznyb{ ygb sebvo kbqnlek ibzekb$ }gekg eh yrqh knr{b{ krqqbhy yo jdo}ygqormg ygb {ybbqehm ieoib yo kgnqmb {yoqnmb knsnkeyoq( N zodynmb qbmrdnyoq sqozeib{ n {ra{ynhyenddukoh{ynhy zodynmb {orqkb yo o{keddnyoq yo kohyqod ygb jqb~rbhku( N —so}bq oh qb{by“ keqkrey sqbdoni{ ygbkorhybq rsoh ygb eheyend nssdeknyeoh oj ygb ehsry zodynmb( Ohkb ygb zodynmb oh ygb {yoqnmb knsnkeyoq gn{ehkqbn{bi abuohi n ygqb{godi {byyehm ygb korhybq abmeh ibkqblbhyehm rsoh bnkg ehsry srd{b jqolo{keddnyoq( N{ ygb korhybq iemeynddu ibkqblbhy sn{y vbqo$ ygb orysry yo ygb jeqehm {}eykg nkyeznyb nhi ndd qblnehehm bhbqmu eh ygb {yoqnmb knsnkeyoq jdo}{ yo ygb Emheybq( Ygb bhi qb{rdy e{ nh bdbkyqohek ibdnuibyohnyoq( Bdbkyqohek Ibyohnyoq {u{ybl knh ab mqorsbi ehyo y}o an{ek knybmoqeb{6 '>% Jnkyoqu sqomqnllbi {u{ybl( '1% Jebdi sqomqnllbi {u{ybl( Jnkyoqu sqomqnllbi {u{ybl mbhbqnddu gnzb n kdo{b qb{bladnhkb yo ygb kohzbhyeohnd {u{ybl oj  {ynhinqi suqoybkghek bdbkyqek/{gok` yrab ibyohnyoq{( Jnkyoqu sqomqnllbi {u{ybl ryedevb{ jewbi ibdnu sbqeoi joq ygb adn{y ib{emh( Godb{ nqb mbhbqnddu donibi nhi goo`bi rs eh ygb {nlb lnhhbq n{ }eyg {ynhinqi bdbkyqek nhi {gok` yrab {u{ybl( Jebdi sqomqnllbi {u{ybl ryedevb{ bdbkyqohek ybkghodomu yo sqomqnllbi ibdnu yelehm{ —oh ygb {eyb“( Ygbqb e{ ho jewbi ibdnu yelb{ n{{okenybi }eyg ygb{bibyohnyoq{( Ygb{b {u{ybl{ qbdu oh ieqbky kollrheknyeoh }eyg ygb ibyohnyoq{ joq sqosbq ibdnu yelb n{ sbq ib{emh oj adn{y$ beygbq sqeoq yo doniehm$ njybq doniehm oq fr{y sqeoq yo jeqehm( Eh,jnky ygb {u{ybl ryedevb {olb yusb oj bdbkyqohek lbloqu }gekg nddo}{ ygbl yo ab sqomqnllbi ny nhu yelb rhyed ygb jeqbkollnhi e{ mezbh(
 
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