1. What elements, other than iron and carbon, and normally found in plain carbon steel?

Manganese content approx. 0.30% to 1.65%, phosphorus not greater than 0.04% & sulfur content not greater than 0.05% 2. Why is it important to have from 0.25-0.40% manganese in plain carbon steel? To combine w/ sulfur to prevent brittleness By increasing the sulfur to 0.08 - 0.33% and the manganese to 0.7 -1.6%, or by increasing the sulfur to 0.25-0.35% and adding lead at 0.15-0.35% w/small amount of tellurium, selenium or bismuth 4. What are the primary effects of manganese, chromium, and nickel as alloying element in steel? 10. Define the ff. terms found in the microstructive of ferrous metals and indicate on what type and alloy they can be found: A. ferrite - Pure alpha iron found in steels B. cementite - Combined iron & carbon found in steels & cast irons C. carbide - Another name for cementite Mn- increases hardenability, by lowering transformation points & causing transformations to be sluggish Cr- increases hardenability and corrosion resistance Ni-increases toughness and corrosion resistance to improve hardenability to improve strength to improve machinability to improve corrosion resistance to improve high or low temp stability Vanadium AISI 43XX steel is Mo-Cr-Ni alloy steel; so, AISI 4340 is a Mo-Cr-Ni steel w/ 0.40% C. Ferritic stainless steel is magnetic while austenitic stainless steel is non-magnetic 3. How is steel made "free machining"?

5. What are the five reasons for adding alloying elements to steel?

6. What element is added to steel to maintain small grain size at elevated temperatures? 7. What is meant by AISI 4340? 8. How does ferretic stainless steel differ from austenitic stainless steel? 9. What properties do nonferrous alloys have the usually are not associated with ferrous alloys?

D. pearlite - Lamellar structure, alternate plates of ferrite and cementite in ferrous metals E. austenite - The solid solution of gamma iron F. bainite - The product of austempering steel G. martensite - The product of quenching steel, thus avoiding the nose of the s curve H. tempered martensite - The product of tempering martensitic steel I. flake graphite - Free graphite in gray cast iron J. temper carbon K. graphite nodules - The free graphite in ductile cast iron L. free graphite - The uncombined graphite in cast iron